Bracken over Socialism
Campagnolo’s government spent much of its new mandate in the field of constitutional reforms. Hoping to not only weaken ties with Great Britain but to create a form of legacy legislation to which future historians could point to as a major accomplishment, the Prime Minister introduced a plan to begin the process of reforming both the Senate and the Office of the Governor General. Beginning negotiations with the provincial premiers, Campagnolo hoped that both institutions would face voters within the next few years. The Prime Minister proposed that the Senate hold elections concurrent with federal elections, while elections for the Governor General, who would serve single, six year terms, held similarly to the Presidential elections of France, although the office would still perform the same ceremonious function as it had in the past. However the move faced intense opposition from certain groups, which included the more traditional elements of the Tory party, the newly formed Heritage party under Deborah Grey, the Premiers of Alberta, Ontario and New Brunswick, as well as some more traditional minded Liberals.
Yet despite the fierce opposition the government would continue to push the legislation, making the centerpiece of the government’s legislative agenda. Hoping to catch her opponents off guard the Prime Minister announced a referendum on the issue in the spring of 1994, a vote that the Liberals would narrowly win 50.019 per cent to 49.981 per cent. With passage of the reforms all but guaranteed in the Liberal dominated senate and endorsed by Governor General and former Liberal MP Romeo Leblanc, the parties in the House overwhelmingly voted in favor of the motion, with the exception of some rouge MP’s and was accepted by all Premiers, with the exception of those of New Brunswick, PEI, and Alberta. Yet the strong-armed tactics used by the Prime Minister left a sour taste in the mouths of voters, many of who viewed the Liberal leader as having forced unnecessary, albeit accepted legislation on the country for her own political gain. Those who voted in favor of the constitutional amendment were divided amongst the political spectrum, which robbed the Prime Minister and her government of any boost in the polls. With the opinion of both her and her party plummeting to historic lows, aided by the fact the government had neglected rising inflation across the country, Prime Minister Campagnolo announced her resignation as Prime Minister and was succeeded by Foreign Affairs Minister John Manley. Yet Manley’s victory, in which he narrowly defeated Paul Martin, Jr., the son of former Prime Minister Paul Martin, Sr., sowed the seeds of his own defeat. Achieved through an eventually leaked backroom deal with third place candidate Brian Tobin to run in the convention on the sole purpose of siphoning away Martin votes on the condition that upon his victory Manley would appoint the Newfoundland MP Deputy Prime Minister, various newspapers would play the deal as the new Prime Minister manipulating the convention and robbing Martin of his victory. Hoping to use the party’s weakened situation to his own advantage, Martin and several of his allies abandoned the Liberal Party and formed the Reform Party, which he presented as a new, center-left alternative to what he described as a Liberal party moving too far to the right under Manley and having abandoned the more Left-wing legacy of his father, although the Quebec Liberal was rumoured to have secretly hoped that the new party would steal enough support from the Liberals to force a merger with himself as leader. The Tories meanwhile, under their new leader Lucien Bouchard, were delighted by the situation. Polling showed them far ahead of the pack, and on track to win the House and the Senate, as well as the upcoming, albeit in practice non-partisan, Governor General Election, ironically scheduled to take place on Canada Day.
After weeks of campaigning, debating and politicking, Canadians handed Lucien Bouchard and the Tories a narrow majority government and a plurality in the Senate, and surprisingly catapulted the New Democrats, still led by the relatively popular Lorne Nystrom, to the status of Official Opposition, primarily the result of vote splitting between the Liberals and the Reform Party. Canada had changed dramatically since the last election, and had now entered a new era of political dynamics in Ottawa.
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Prime Ministers of Canada:
Arthur Meighen (Conservative) 1920-1921
William Lyon Mackenzie King (Liberal) 1921-1926
Arthur Meighen (Conservative) 1926
William Lyon Mackenzie King (Liberal) 1926-1930
R.B. Bennett (Conservative) 1930-1935
William Lyon Mackenzie King (Liberal) 1935-1944
John Bracken (Progressive Conservative) 1944-1952
Charles Gavan Power (Liberal) 1952-1962
Paul Martin, Sr. (Liberal) 1962-1967
Davie Fulton (Progressive Conservative) 1967-1978
Erik Nielsen (Progressive Conservative) 1978-1979
Jean Marchand (Liberal) 1979-1980
Erik Nielsen (Progressive Conservative) 1980-1984
Iona Campagnolo (Liberal) 1984-1994
John Manley (Liberal) 1994-1996
Lucien Bouchard (Progressive Conservative) 1996-
Bracken over Socialism
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