Monarchs of France
987-996:Hugh Capet (Capetian Dynasty)
996-1025: Robert II (Capetian Dynasty)
1025-1056 : Hugh II Magnus (Capetian Dynasty, eldest son of Robert II)
1056-1074: Hugh III (Capetian Dynasty)
1074-1101: Robert III (Capetian Dynasty)
1101-1102: Hugh IV (end of Capetian Dynasty)
1102-1129: Eudes II le Pieux (Capet-Burgundy)
1129-1147: Guy I (Capet-Burgundy)
1147-1178: Louis VI (Capet-Burgundy)
1178-1201: Henri I (Capet-Burgundy)
1201-1205: Henri II (Capet-Burgundy)
1205-1214 : Guy II (Capet-Burgundy)
1214-1246 : Louis VII "the Great" (Capet-Burgundy, under regency from 1214 to 1220)
1246-1269: Louis VIII "the Small" (Capet-Burgundy)
1269-1298: (Saint) Henri III "The Saint" (Capet-Burgundy)
1298-1312: Antoine I (Capet-Flanders) [11]
1312-1316: Louis IX (Capet-Flanders) [13]
1316-1350: Antoine II the Wise (Capet-Flanders)
1350-1357: Antoine III (Capet-Flanders)
1357-1390: Louis X (Capet-Flanders)
1390-1423: Antoine IV (Capet-Flanders)[26]
1423-1462 : Charles IV "the Good" (Capet-Flanders) [30]
1462-1465: Henri IV "The King of Fools" (Capet-Flanders) [34]
Interregnum: 1465-1473 [36]
1473 - 1488: Louis XI (House of New Capet-Burgundy)[39]
1488 - 1520: (Saint) Antoine V, "The Holy" [43]
1520 - 1525: Charles V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1525 - 1563 : Philip I "the Spider" (House of New Capet-Burgundy) [50]
1563-1602: Henri V (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1602-1616: Philip II (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1616-1629: Henri VI (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1629-1654: Louis XII (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1654-1668: Henri VII (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1668-1670: Philip III "The Mad" (House of New Capet-Burgundy)
1670-1702: Charles VI (House of Champagne) [74]
1702- 1719: Henri VIII (House of Champagne)
1719-1738: Antoine VI "the Bloody" (House of Champagne) [76]
1738-1774: Philip IV "The Redeemer" (House of Champagne) [77]
1774-1798: Henri IX "the Victorious" (House of Champagne) [82]
1798-1853: Louis XIII "Father of the People" (House of Champagne) [84]
1853-1892: Louis XIV "the Great" (House of Champagne) [89]
1892-1913: Charles VII "the Diplomat" (House of Champagne) [106]
1913-1932: Henri X (House of Champagne) [112]
1932-1951: Louis XV (House of Champagne) [119]
Kings of New France
1897-1921: Henri I "the Liberator" (House of Louisiana) [106]
1921-1946: Louis I (House of Louisiana)
(Civil War between Democratic Alliance and the Royals)
Prime Ministers of the Republic of New France
1948-1952 Martin Cato [128]
Monarchs of Castille
1037-1065: Ferdinand I "The Great" (Jimenez Dynasty)
1065-1090: Garcia II "The Unlikely" (Jimenez Dynasty)
1090-1120 : Ferdinand II (Jimenez Dynasty, son of Garcia II)
1120-1132: Jimena I (Jimenez Dynasty, first female ruler of Castille, Leon, and Galicia)
1132-1137: Javier I (Jimenez Dynasty, sudden death kills off the Dynasty)
1137-1274: Under Leon
1274-1299: Guillermo I (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1299-1331: Guillermo II (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1331-1342: Guillermo III (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1342-1360: Roberto I (de Lusignan Dynasty)
1360-1389: Vicente I (Capet-Flanders)
1389-1423: Antonio I (Capet-Flanders) [26]
1423-1457: Roberto II (Capet-Flanders) [30]
1457-1460: Antonio II (Capet-Flanders)
1460-1483: Vicente II (Capet Flanders) [36]
1483-1490: Guillermo IV (Capet Flanders)
1490-1516: Antonio III (Capet Flanders)
1516-1557 : Maria I "the Gentle" (Capet-Flanders) [51]
1557-1572: Ferdinand III (Capet-Flanders)[53]
1572-1603: Antonio IV (Capet-Flanders)
1603-1624: Juan I (House of Gonzaga) [58]
1624-1654: Carlos I (House of Gonzaga) [65]
1654-1660: Isabella I (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1673: Inherited by Hispania[71]
Kings of Leon
1137-1140: Sancho III (Astur Dynasty, Castille is now part of Leon)
1140-1157: Sancho IV (Astur Dynasty)
1157-1182: Jorge I (Astur Dynasty)
1182-1193: Sancho V (Astur Dynasty)
1193-1214: Ramiro IV (Astur Dynasty, dies without heir. Dynasty is overthrown)
1214-1236: Paulino II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1236-1241: Pedro I (Romaniv Dynasty)
1241-1248: Paulino II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1248-1260: Ferdinand II (Romaniv Dynasty)
1260-1265: Alphonso VI "the Child" (Romaniv Dynasty) [7]
Interregnum 1265-1278
1260-1265: Gaspar I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1265-1292: Gaspar II (Corte-Real)
1292-1307: Paulino III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1307-1324: Alphonso VII (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1324-1357: Ferdinand III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1357-1370: Gaspar III (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1370-1392: Ferdinand IV (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1392-1437 : Alphonso VIII "the Warrior" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1437-1487: Gaspar V "The Scholar" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1487-1515: Gaspar VI "The Golden" (Corte-Real Dynasty)[40]
1515-1540: Isabella I "The High Queen" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [45]
1540-1563: Alphonso IX "The Handsome" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [51]
1563-1588: Gaspar VII "The Good" (Corte-Real Dynasty)[53]
1588-1615: Gaspar VIII (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1615-1649: Alphonso X "The Great" (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1649-1660: Isabella II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1673: Inherited by Hispania[71]
Emperors of Hispania
1673-1691: Ferdinand V (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1691-1704: Carlos II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1704-1750: Carlos III (Corte-Real Dynasty) [75]
1750-1782: Diego I (Corte-Real Dynasty) [82]
1782-1819: Diego II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [82]
1819-1874: Felipe I "the Long" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [90]
1874-1908: Felipe II (Corte-Real Dynasty)
1908-1928: Felipe III (Corte-Real Dynasty) [113]
1928-1936: Miguel Hoz (Christian Socialist Party) [114]
1936-1954: Javier Andrea "El Martillo" (Christian Socialist Party) [120]
1954-1958: Luis Valvueda
Kingdom of Sicily
1928-1947: Felipe IV (Corte-Real Dynasty) [115]
1947-1952: Carlos IV "the Martyr" (Corte-Real Dynasty) [121]
Holy Roman Emperors
912-973:Otto I (Ottonian Dynasty)
973-992: Liudolf I "The Saxon" (Ottonian Dynasty, later known as Saxon Dynasty after Liudolf's powerbase and Anglo-Saxon ancestry)
992-1024 : Otto II (Saxon Dynasty, son of Liudolf I)
1024-1048: Liudolf II (Saxon Dynasty)
1048-1062: Otto III (Saxon Dynasty)
1062: Liudolf III (Saxon Dynasty)
1062-1079: Heinrich II der Lowenhertz (Liutpolding Dynasty, aka Bavarian Dynasty)
1079-1104: Otto IV (Bavarian Dynasty)
1104-1126: Charles IV (Bavarian Dynasty)
1126-1131: Heinrich III (end of Bavarian Dynasty)
1131-1152: Stephen III "The Hungarian" (Arpad Dynasty) [3]
1153-1181: Bruno I (II) (Arpad Dynasty) [5]
1181-1192 : Andrew II "the Unlucky" (Arpad Dynasty)
1192-1213 : Frederick I (Swabian Hohenstaufen Dynasty)[8]
1213-1223 : Conrad I (Swabian Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1224-1264: Bela I (III) (Arpad Dynasty)[9]
1264-1280: Otto V (Arpad Dynasty)
1280: Heinrich IV (Arpad Dynasty) [12]
1281-1315: Stephan IV (Mojmir Dynasty) [14]
1315-1332 : Bela II (Mojmir Dynasty)
1332-1359: Otto VI (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [23]
1359-1390: Heinrich V (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1390-1392: Otto VIII (von Luxemburg Dynasty)
1392-1410 : Conrad II (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [31]
1410-1438: Otto IX (von Luxemburg Dynasty)
1438-1471: Heinrich VI (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [36]
1471-1471: Heinrich VII (von Luxemburg Dynasty) [44]
1471-1478: Otto X (von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1478-1493 : Conrad III (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1493-1522: Conrad IV (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1522-1554 : Charles V (von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1554-1574: Otto XI (Von Luxemberg Dynasty)
1574-1607: Heinrich VIII (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1607-1636: Charles V (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [59]
1636-1648: Ludwig IV "the Unexpected" (House of Baden) [66]
The Great Dispute [69]
Kings of Bavaria (Wittelsbach Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1666: Charles VI (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1666-1689: Ludwig V (Wittlesbach Dynasty)
1689-1727: Ludwig VI (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [76]
1727-1759: Maximilian I (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1759-1788: Maximilian II (Wittelsbach Dynasty) [82]
1788-1830: Maximilian III (Wittelsbach Dynasty)
1830-1872: Charles VII (Wittelsbach Dynasty) [93]
1872-1911: Maximilian IV (Wittelsbach Dynasty) [107]
1911-1939: Ludwig VII (Wittlesbach Dynasty) [112]
1939-1951: Heinrich IX (Wittelsbach Dynasty) [122]
Premiers of the Socialist Republic of Bavaria
1951-1966 Bruno Vanderbash [127]
Kings of Swabia (Hohenstaufen Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1672: Frederick II (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1672-1694: Frederick III (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1694-1701: Conrad V (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1701-1738: Frederick IV (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [76]
1738-1767: Heinrich IX (Hohenstaufen Dynasty)
1767-1783: Frederick V "the Last" (Hohenstaufen Dynasty) [82]
Absorbed by Baden and Bavaria
Grand Dukes of Baden and Switzerland (Baden Claimants to the HRE)
1648-1657: Franz I (House of Baden)
1657-1690: Ulrich I (House of Baden)
1690-1738: Franz II (House of Baden) [76]
1738-1762: Karl Franz I (House of Baden)
1762-1784: Ulrich II (House of Baden) [82]
1784-1800: Franz III (House of Baden)
1800-1836: Karl Franz II (House of Baden)
1836-1858: Ulrich III "the Exile" (House of Baden) [94]
1858-1891: Ulrich IV (House of Baden)
1891-1920: Karl Franz II (House of Baden) [107]
1920-1939: Karl Franz III (House of Baden [112]
1939-1957: Ludwig V (House of Baden) [122]
Kings of Luxembourg, Hesse, Hanover, and the Rhine (Von Luxembourg Claimants to the HRE)
1636-1669: Otto XII (von Luxembourg)
1669-1688: Heinrich VII (von Luxembourg)
1688-1727: Heinrich VIII (von Luxembourg) [76]
1727-1749: Charles VI (Von Luxembourg)
1749-1798: Otto XIII "the Old" "the Fortunate" (Von Luxembourg) [82]
1798-1820: Heinrich IX (Von Luxembourg)
1820-1883: Peter I "The Wretched King" (Von Luxembourg) [85]
1883-1892: Peter II (Von Luxembourg)
1892-1914: Charles VII (Von Luxembourg) [107]
1914-1923: Peter III 'The King of Death' (Von Luxemburg) [109]
1923-1923: Maria I 'The Doomed Queen' (Von Luxemburg) [110]
1923-1923: Charles VIII 'The Dead Prince' (Von Luxemburg) [110]
1923-1924: Nicolas I 'The Last' (Von Luxemburg) [111]
All Heirs to the Throne exterminated. Beginning of the Red Winter, Beginning of the Great War
1924: The Christian Commune [112]
1924-1929: The Great War
1929-1937: George I (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [116]
1937-1948: George II (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [122]
Kings of Scandinavia (Romanov Claimants to the HRE)
1642-1667: Gustav IV (Romanov)
1667-1684: Nicholas III (Romanov)
1684-1716: Gustav V (Romanov)
1716-1745: Nicholas IV (Romanov) [76]
1745-1778: Michael I (Romanov)
1778-1806: Michael II (Romanov) [82]
1806-1858: Gustav VI "The Ice King" (Romanov) [95]
1858-1883: Nicholas V "the Wise" (Romanov) [96]
1883-1907: Michael III (Romanov)
1907-1931: Gustav VII (Romanov (112)
1931-1967: Gustav VIII "the Neutral" [123]
Kings of Saxony
1648-1681: Augustus III (House of Wettin) [78]
1681-1703: John II (House of Wettin)
1703-1739: Albert IV (House of Wettin)
1739-1762: Ernest II (House of Wettin)
1762-1783: Ernest III "the Hapless" (House of Wettin) [82]
Absorbed by Luxembourg and Scandinavia
Kings of Thuringia
1648-1662: Hermann IV (House of Wettin) [78]
1662-1691: Balthasar I (House of Wettin)
1691-1728: Balthasar II (House of Wettin)
1728-1753: Johann Friedriech II (House of Wettin)
1753-1783: Balthasar III "the Mournful" (House of Wettin)
Absorbed by Luxembourg
Kings of Brandenburg
1648-1654: Joachim III (House of Hohenzollern)
1654-1688: Frederick V (House of Hohenzollern)
1688-1714: Sigismund II (House of Hohenzollern)
1714-1761: William I (House of Hohenzollern)
1761-1783: William II "the Conquered" (House of Hohenzollern)
Absorbed by Poland
Kings of Italy
1650-1671: Pietro I (House of Medici)[72]
1671-1692: Lorenzo I (House of Medici)
1692-1728: Lorenzo II (House of Medici) [76]
1728-1764: Juliano I (House of Medici)
1764-1798: Pietro II "the Good" "the Just" (House of Medici) [83]
1798-1830: (Saint) Pietro III "Messenger of God" (House of Medici) [86]
1830-1873: Lorenzo III "the Artist" (House of Medici) [97]
1873-1905: Juliano II (House of Meidici)
1905-1929: Lorenzo IV (House of Medici) [112]
1929-1954: Catherine I (House of Medici) [124]
1929-1954: Ludovico I (House of Sforza) [124]
Monarchs of England and Albion:
1066-1085: William I "The Conquerer" (Norman Dynasty)
1085-1134: Robert I "Curthose" (Norman Dynasty)
1134-1150: William II (Norman Dynasty, son of Robert I)
1150-1162: Hugh I (Norman Dynasty)
1162-1193: Alexander I (Norman Dynasty, named after the Greek Emperor)
1193-1195: Alexander II (Norman Dynasty)
1195-1220: Robert II (Penthievre Dynasty, also Duke Roper I of Britanny)
1220-1243: Godfrey I (Penthievre Dynasty)
1243-1268 : Arthur I (Penthievre Dynasty, sometimes called "Arthur II" because of the Arthurian legends) [1]
1268-1304: Thomas I (FitzOsbern Dynasty) [2]
1304-1314: Robert III (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1314-1321: Thomas II (FitzOsbern Dynasy)
1321-1344 : Alexander III (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1344-1357 : Godfrey II (FitzOsbern Dynasty)
1357-1362: Alexander IV (House of Warwick)
1362-1380: Alexander V (House of Warwick)
1380: Godfrey III (House of Warwick)
1380-1387: Robert IV "the Scot" (Capet-Burgundy) [32]
1387-1401: Alfred II (House of Wessex) [37]
1401-1446: Edward IV (House of Wessex)
1446-1468: Alfred III (House of Wessex)
1468-1481: Robert V (House of Wessex)
1481-1515: Alfred IV (House of Wessex)
1515-1549 : Arthur II "the Chivalrous" (House of Wessex) [52]
1549-1592: Harold I "the Welsh" (House of Monmouth)
1592-1624: Alfred V (House of Monmouth) [57]
1624-1642: William III (House of Monmouth) [60]
1642-1668: Harold II (House of Monmouth)
1668-1679: William IV (House of Monmouth)
1679-1688: Robert VI (House of Monmouth)
1688-1713: Edmund III (House of Monmouth)
1713-1740: Alexander VI (House of Monmouth) [76]
1740-1774: Elisabeth I "the Beautiful" (House of Monmouth) [79]
1774-1785: William V "the Proud" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg [82]
1785-1803: Harold III "the Unwise" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [91]
1803-1836: Harold IV "the Desperate" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [98]
1836-1848: The English Republic [99]
1848-1850: Bainbridge Plunkett (Dictator) [100]
1850-1861: Emperor Bainbridge I (House of Plunkett) [101]
1861-1863: William VI "the Restored" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [102]
1863: Emperor Bainbridge I (House of Plunkett) [103]
1863-1878: Harold VI "the Restored" (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [104]
1878-1902: George I (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [108]
1902-1908: George II (House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg) [116]
1908-1924: The Second English Republic
1924-1945: Bainbridge IV (House of Plunkett) [117]
1945-1958: Bainbridge V (House of Plunkett)
Kings of Ireland (claimed Emperorship of Albion)
1896-1920 : Bainbridge III (House of Plunkett) [108]
1920-1924: Bainbridge IV (House of Plunkett) [117]
1924 : House of Plunkett restored on the throne of Albion.
Eastern Roman Empire
1081-1118: Alexius I (Comnenus Dynasty)
1118-1127: Alexius II (Comnenus Dynasty)
1127-1146: Isaac II (Comnenus Dynasty)
1146-1158: Isaac III (Comnenus Dynasty)
1158-1162: Issac IV "The wicked" (Comnenus Dynasty overthrown in Rebellion) [4]
1162-1173: Alexius III (Angelus Dynasty)
1173-1188 : John II (Angelus Dynasty)
1188-1199 : Constantine XI (Angelus Dynasty)
1199-1236 : Constantine XII "the Beloved" (Angelus Dynasty)
1236-1238: Alexius IV "the Leper" (Angelus Dynasty)
1238-1271: Michael V (Angelus Dynasty)
1271-1275: John III (Angelus Dynasty)
1275-1287: Möngke Temür(Golden Horde) [15]
1287-1302 : Möngke II (Golden Horde)
1302-1342: Subotai Temur (Golden Horde)
1342-1377: John IV "The Christian"(Temurius Dinasty)[24]
1377-1388: Stephen I (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [27]
1388-1407 : John V (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1407-1449: Bela I (Pest-Mojmir)
1449-1461: Stephen II (Pest-Mojmir)[41]
1461-1484: Constantine XIII (XIV) ''the Restorer'' (Comnenus-Psellos Dynasty) [46]
Kingdom of Greece
1914-1935: Iraklis I (House of Crispo) [118]
1935-1949: Constantine I (House of Crispo) [125]
Sultanate of Seljuk Rum
1484-1501: Kilij Arslan VII (Seljuk Rum) [47]
1501-1519: Suleyman Arslan V (Seljuk Rum)
1519-1534 : Suleyman Arslan VI "the Just" (Seljuk Rum)
1534-1536: Suleyman Arslan VII "the Weak" (Seljuk Rum)[56]
1536-1564: Alp Arslan III (Seljuk Rum) [64]
1564-1579: Alp Arslan IV (Seljuk Rum)
1579-1622: Kilij Arslan VIII (Seljuk Rum)
1622-1637: Mehmet Arslan I (Seljuk Rum)
1637-1648: Mehmet Arslan II (Seljuk Rum)
1648-1662: Alp Arslan V (Seljuk Rum)
1662-1689: Kilij Arslan IX (Seljuk Rum)
1689-1704: Mehmet Arslan III (Seljuk Rum)
1704-1728: Alp Arslan VI (Seljuk Rum)
1728-1754: Abdel Aziz I (House of Osman) [80]
1754-1779: Alp Arslan VII (House of Osman)
1779-1798: Mehmet Arslan IV (House of Osman)
1798-1830: Abdel Aziz II (House of Osman)
1830-1871: Selim I "the Magnificent" (House of Osman) [105]
1871-1900: Selim II (House of Osman)
1900-1936: Bayezid I "the Wise" (House of Osman)
1936-1954: Selim III (House of Osman)
Emperors of Cyprus
1277-1314: Alexius V (Angelus Dynasty) [17]
1314-1335 : John IV (Angelus Dynasty)
1335-1349: Constantine XIII "The Last" [21]
Monarchs of Scotland
1058-1093: Malcolm III (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1093-1102: Duncan II (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1102-1114: Andrew I (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1114-1125: Malcolm IV (Dunkeld Dynasty)
1125-1148: Macbeth II (Alban Dynasty) [6]
1148-1155 : Andrew II (Alban Dynasty)
1155-1157 : Edgar I "the Brief" (Alban Dynasty)
1157-1172 : Duncan III (Alban Dynasty)
1172-1214 : Macbeth III (Alban Dynasty)
1214-1238: Edgar II (Alban Dynasty)
1238-1252: Robert I (Alban Dynasty) [10]
1252-1288: August I (Capet-Burgundy)
1288-1302: August II (Capet-Burgundy), claimed the French throne as August I
1302-1324: Macbeth IV (Capet-Burgundy, claimed French Throne as Macbet I) [15]
1324-1332: Robert II/IV (Capet-Burgundy) [18]
1332-1356: Joan I (Capet-Burgundy)
1356-1360: August III "The Old" (Capet-Burgundy)
1360-1374: August IV "the Young" (Capet-Burgundy)
1374-1387 : Robert III (Capet-Burgundy) [32]
1387-1426: Macbeth V (Capet-Burgundy)
1426-1468: August V (Capet-Burgundy) [36]
1468-1493: Macbeth VI (Capet-Burgundy)
1493-1510: Macbeth VII (Capet-Burgundy)
1510-1524 : Joan II (Capet-Burgundy)
1524-1564: Douglas I (Strathclyde Dynasty) [54]
1564-1602: Douglas II (Strathclyde Dynasty)
1592-1624: Alfred I (House of Monmouth) [57]
Merged with England in the Royal Unification Act of 1601 [60]
1624-1625 : Robert IV "the King of the Winter" (Capet-Burgundy) [67]
1740: Edmund IV "the Bad" (House of Monmouth) [81]
Kings and Emperors of Hungary
1116-1131: Stephen II (Arpad Dynasty)
1131-1167: Stephen III (Arpad Dynasty)
1167-1181: Bruno II (Arpad Dynasty)
1181-1183: Andrew II "The Unlucky" (Arpad Dynasty, lost the Hungarian crown, but kept the Holy Roman one)
1183-1203 : Bela II (Arpad Dynasty, brother of Andrew II)
1203-1230 : Stephen IV (Arpad Dynasty)
1230-1264: Bela III (Arpad Dynasty)[9]
1264-1280: Otto V (Arpad Dynasty)
1280: Imre I (Arpad Dynasty)
(1281-1315: Stephen IV (Mojmir Dynasty) [14])
1321-1338 : Imre II "the Liberator" (House of Buda) [19]
1338-1358: Imre III "the Weakling" (House of Buda-Arpad)
1358-1360: Felicia of Sicily(House of Hauteville)[25]
1360-1388: Stephen V (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [27]
1388-1407 : John I (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1407-1449: Bela IV (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty)
1449-1452: Stephen VI (Pest-Mojmir Dynasty) [41]
Hungary officially united with Eastern Roman Empire[41]
1462-1493: Bela V (Pest-Mojmir)[48]
1493-1536: John II (Pest-Mojmir)
1536-1573 : Matthias I "the Mighty" (Pest-Mojmir)
1573-1608: Matthias II (Pest-Mojmir)
1608-1634: John III (Pest-Mojmir)
1634-1636: John IV (Pest-Mojmir)
1636-1639: Sigismund I (Jagiellon Dynasty)[61]
1639-1651: Laszlo I "The King before the Twilight" (Jagiellon dynasty) [68]
1651-1674: John V (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [70]
1674-1690: Matthias III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1690-1715: Laszlo II (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1715-1730: Laszlo III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [76]
1730-1758: Laszlo IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1758-1796: Matthias IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1796-1825: Stephen VII (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1825-1863: Sigismund II (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [105]
1863-1886: Sigismund III (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1886-1904: Bela VI (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty)
1904-1923: Sigismund IV (Mojmir-Arpad Dynasty) [118]
1923-1948: Sigismund V (Mojmir-Arpad) [112]
1948-1966: Stephen VIII (Mojmir-Arpad)
Kings and Emperors of Poland
1290-1296: Premyslas II (Piast Dynasty)
1296-1305: Wenceslaus II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1305-1312: Wenceslaus III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1312-1336 : Konrad II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1336-1342: Frederick I (Premyslid Dynasty, also King of Bohemia)
1342-1368: Wenceslaus IV (Premyslid Dynasty, Personal Union between Bohemia and Poland continued)
1368-1375: Sigismund I (Premyslid Dynasty, Crowns of Poland and Bohemia formally merged)
1375-1398 : Wenceslaus V (Premyslid Dynasty)
1398-1443: Sigismund II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1443-1461: Frederick II (Premyslid Dynasty)
1461-1495: Sigismund III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1495-1528: Frederick III (Premyslid Dynasty)
1528-1547 : Sigismund IV "the Scholar" (Premyslid Dynasty)
1547: Konrad III "The Pretender" (Premsylid Dynasty)
1547-1601: Sigismund V (Jagiellon Dynasty) [55]
1601-1639: Sigismund VI(Jagiellon Dynasty) [61]
1639-1651: Ladislaus II "The King before the Twilight" (Jagiellon dynasty) [68]
1651-1668: Ladislaus III (Jagiellon Dynasty) (70)
1668-1696: Frederick IV (Jagiellon Dynasty) (70)
1696-1703: Ladislaus IV (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1703-1760: Konrad III (Jagiellon Dynasty) [76]
1760-1768: Ladislaus V (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1768-1794: Konrad IV (Jagiellon Dynasty) [82]
1794-1859: Sigismund VII "The Pious, the Wise" (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1859-1862: Wenceslaus VI "the Sick" (Jagiellon Dynasty) [92]
1862-1887: Frederick V (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1887-1918: Augustus I (Jagiellon Dynasty)
1918-1941: Augustus II (Jagiellon Dynasty) [112]
1941-1963: Konrad V (Jagiellon Dynasty)
Aragon
1319-1350: Pere IV (House of Aragon)
1350-1372: Tiago II (House of Aragon)
1372-1379: Pere V (House of Aragon)
1379-1402: Tiago III (House of Aragon)
1402-1420: Pere VI (House of Aragon)
1420-1453: Tiago IV (House of Aragon)
1420-1453: Juan II (House of Gonzaga)
1453-1470: Pere VII (House of Gonzaga)
1470-1496: Juan III (House of Gonzaga)
1496-1534: Tiago V (House of Gonzaga)
1534-1561 : Juan IV "the Cruel" (House of Gonzaga)
1561-1593: Tiago VI (House of Gonzaga)
1593-1624: Juan V (House of Gonzaga) [58]
1624-1654: Carlos I (House of Gonzaga) [65]
1649-1660: Isabella II (Corte-Real Dynasty) [65]
1660-1673: Carlos I (Corte-Real Dynasty)
Inherited by Hispania[71]
Vladimir
1326-1360: Aleksandr II Mikhailovich (Tver Rurikids)[22]
1360-1362: Sucession war between Sigismund I (Premyslid) and Boris I (Tver Rurikids)
1362-1385: Boris I (Tver Rurikids)[28]
1385-1399 : Boris II (Tver Rurikids)
1400-1420: Boris III (Tver Rurikids)
1420-1452: Ivan II (Tver Rurikids)
1452-1470: Yuri II (Tver Rurikids)
1471-1492: Boris IV (Tver Rurikids)
1492-1528: Yuri III (Tver Rurikids)
1528-1553 : Dimitri I "the Magnificient" (Tver Rurikids)
1553-1586: Boris V (Tver Rurikids)
1586-1619: Dimitri II (Tver Rurikids)
Tsars of All Russias [62]
1586-1619: Dmitri II (Tver Rurikids)
1619-1627: Yuri IV "The Great" (Tver Rurikids)
1627-1642: Ivan V (Tver Rurikids)
1642-1668: Dmitri III (Tver Rurikids)
1668-1692: Boris VI "The German" (House von Oldenburg)[73]
1692-1721: Piotr I (House von Oldenburg)
1721-1755: Dmitri IV (House von Oldenburg) [76]
1755-1773: Michael I (House von Oldenburg)
1773-1793: Piotr II (House von Oldenburg)
1793-1841: Ivan VI (House von Oldenburg)
1841-1865: Michael II (House von Oldenburg) [105]
1865-1888: Michael III (House von Oldenburg)
1888-1902: Piotr III (House von Oldenburg)
1902-1920: Michael IV (House von Oldenburg) [118]
1920-1946: Piotr IV (House von Oldenburg) [112]
1946-1961: Alexander I (House von Oldenburg)
Popes
1061-1073:Alexander II, Holy Roman Empire
1073-1099: Alexander III, Holy Roman Empire (born Anselm of Lucca, nephew to prior pope)
1099-1112 : Sylvester III, France
1112-1127: John XX, Norman Italy
1127-1141: Paschal II, France
1141: John XXI, Norman Italy
1141-1159: Paschal III, Aragon
1159-1163: Benedict X, Holy Roman Empire
1163-1192: Gregory VIII, Hungary
1192-1198: Paschal IV, England
1198-1215: Roanald I, France
1215: John XXII, France
1215-1220: Benedict XI, Norman Italy
1220: Leo X, France
1220-1239: Innocent II, Scotland
1239-1260: Bd. Paul I, Leon
1260-1278: Leo XI, Scotland
1278-1281: John XXIII, France
1281-1294: Benedict Paul II, France
1294-1312: Paschal V, France
1312-1327: Luke I, England [20]
1327-1342: Urban II, Milan
1342-1360: Gregory IX, Leon
1360-1376: Luke II, Switzerland [29]
1376-1412 : Urban III, Milan [33]
1412-1460: Martin II "The Young Pope", Sicily [35]
1424-1453 : Luke III, Flanders [38]
1430-1448: Urban IV, Rome [38]
1460-1469: Gregory X, Leon[42]
1453-1455 : John XXIV, Holy Roman Empire
1448-1470: Leo XI, France [43]
1455-1471: Benedict Paul III, Holy Roman Empire [43]
Interregnum 1469-1490 [43]
1490-1518: Leo XII, France [49]
1518-1539 : John XXV, Venice
1539-1542: Luke IV, Flanders
1542-1570: Benedict Paul IV, Milan
1570-1583: Luke V, Switzerland
1583-1591: Leo XIII, France
1591-1613: Gregory XI, Leon
1613-1633: Gregory XII, Tuscany [63]
1633-1647: Paul II, Sardinia
1647-1661: Leo XIV, Florence[71]
1661-1667: Leo XV, Italy
1667-1694: Paul III, Sicily
1694-1720: Paul IV, Papal State [75]
1720-1730: Paul V, Italy
1730-1753: Paul VI, Sicily [76]
1753-1765: Benedict XII, Italy
1765-1788: Luke VI, Italy
1788-1830: Urban V, Scandanavia [87]
1830-1863: Luke V, Italy [88]
1863-1892: John XXVI, Italy
1892-1916: Benedict XIII, Italy
1916-1939: Luke VI, Italy
1939-1950: Saint Benedict XIV [126]
[1] Died without leaving an heir and to prevent a crisis named his strongest ally, Thomas, heir to the throne
[2]Was a lord in English held Wales
[3]Declared himself Holy Roman Emperor with backing of Pope Paschal III
[4]Killed thousands of his own and was overthrown in a rebellion
[5]Deposed his own father as Emperor, and ruled as de facto King of Hungary until his father's death, at which point he became legal King.
[6]Great-grandson of Macbeth I, he saw his house's restoration to the Scottish throne with the help of Norway.
[7]Crowned at age 6. Died of smallpox at age 11.
[8]Frederick who claimed descent from Charlemagne, overthrew Andrew the Unlucky, and spent much of his reign in conflict with Bela II of Hungary.
[9] Bela was elected Holy Roman Emperor through the machinations of his father after Conrad I's death. Upon his father's death, he became King Bela III of Hungary, uniting once again the two thrones.
[10] Disappeared during a festival. With no immediate heirs, the event prompted a dynastic crisis and the throne remained empty for several years, with internal and external battles fought between various pretenders.
[11] Technically August of Scotland should have become king, but the Dukes didn't want a foreign ruler and asked Antoine de Flandre to become king instead
[12] Same man as Imre I, until the Khan of the Golden Horde decided that since he had two crowns, he should be two men. Last male member of the Arpads and last king of Hungary for quite some time.
[13] Louis's reign saw the beginning of the War of French Succession, where Macbeth IV attempted to claim the Throne with English support. Louis was killed in the Battle of Flanders.
[14] Stephan included the title of "King of Hungary" among his honors, though he never reclaimed Budapest or 'Old Hungary' from the Mongols during his lengthy reign.
[15] The reign of the Angelus Dynasty ended when Constantinople fell to the Golden Horde in 1275. Möngke Temür, Khan of the Golden Horde, drowned John III in molten gold after looting the city. The Horde were so impressed by the city's fortifications that they adopted it as their capital.
[16] Macbeth actually managed to be coronated in Paris after the Battle of Flanders, but his claim was never recognized by much of the realm, the War of French Succession continuing throughout his entire life.
[17] Alexius set up a court in exile in Cyprus, and considered himself the Roman Emperor.
[18] Last Scottish King to claim the crown of France. He was captured and was only released by Antoine II after he renounced the claims of his family to the crown of France.
[19] Descendant from a Bastard Line of the House of Arpad. Freed the country from the Mongols. He took the name of his household from his birthplace. Married Holy Roman Emperor Bela II's daughter to suspend any claims the Emperor could have had on Hungary.
[20] Archbishop Edward of Canterburry choosed this name because he considered Luke the Evangelist to be his model.
[21] Upon his death Cyprus was invaded by the Syrian Turks, ending the legacy of Rome
[22] The first Rus prince to overthrow the hold of the Mongols
[23] A papal bull established the emperorship as electoral, to avoid any more non-German rulers from taking over the Empire and using her resources for their own gain like the Arpads did. Interestingly, all of the electors were either members or allies of the Luxemburg house, who had supported the current pope's election
[24] Born and educated in Constantinople, Tuda Temur become a fervorous christian and, with the death of his father, he converted officially his empire. Even if most of the Golden Horde lands were lost to (both mongol and european) warlords, the core of former Byzantine Empire was kept.
[25] Spouse of Imre III, eldest daughter of the norman king Roger IV.
[26] Louis X died without issue, leaving the French throne to his nephew, Antoine, who ruled France as Antoine IV, and Castile as Antonio I.
[27] Grandson of Emperor Bela II through a bastard son. Took the throne of Hungary through marriage with Felicia. Inherited Constantinople from John IV, who died without issue. Lead successful Eastern Crusade, driving off the final remnants of the Golden Horde in the Balkans and Anatolia.
[28] Conflict for the Principality of Vladimir ended with recognition of Rurikid claim by Poland, with Hungary acting as mediator. In return, Hungary and Vladimir swore to support Poland's claim to the Throne of Bohemia.
[29] Papacy shifted to Constance at urging of House of Luxembourg.
[30] Due to tensions in Castille, Antoine IV/I decided to separate his possessions upon his death, entrusting France to his eldest son, Charles, and Castille to his second son, Robert.
[31] Assassinated under mysterious circumstances. Pope Urban III is suspected to have commandidated the murder, so that the Papacy could go back to Rome.
[32] Robert III of Scotland is a descendant of Alexander IV of England's eldest daughter. Due to an epidemy of Smallpox in the English Royal family, he found himself as the only heir to the English throne and was crowned as Robert IV. He proved unable to rule both kingdoms, which caused his assassination.
[33] Conflicted often with the Holy Roman Emperors because of his wish to bring the papacy back to Rome. Ultimately succeeded upon Conrad II's death.
[34] While leading a group of soldiers to confront a small tax rebellion in Savoie, Henri's cape became caught in his horse's saddle as he tried to dismount. The horse became alarmed and ran off, dragging the French king behind him. He died of his injuries several days later. The horse was later killed.
[35] Youngest reigning Pope. During his rule, he attempted to take advantage of civil unrest in the Middle East and called forth the Tenth Crusade. Also notable for personally leading the Christian forces during the initial invasion.
[36] Henry's death without issue saw a lengthy interregnum as the throne of France fought over by the Capet-Flanders of Castile, the Capet-Burgundys of Scotland, and the House of Luxembourg, amongst others.
[37] A member of the lower nobility, Alfred presented himself as a restorer of old English rule.
[38] Martin's efforts for a crusade recieved lukewarm support from all western Kingdoms save Leon, whose King Alphonso accompanied Martin and died in the field, and opposition in the East, who saw it as a needless folly. Despite this, Martin and his forces were able to take much of the north of Egypt. However, his constant demands for more support, and increasingly grandiose claims of papal supremacy caused the House of Luxembourg to sponsor the antipope Luke III, "the Pope of Constance". As the situation deteriorated, the French and various Italian princes supported their own candidate, Urban IV, "the Pope of Rome", finding Martin just as objectionable as Luke. The resulting Papal Schism would dominate much of the "Pope of Jerusalem's" reign.
[39]After the political instability in Castille, the House of Capet-Flanders lost power; The old house of Burgundy, much weakened by now, was chosen as it was a compromisse between the germans and british, and also had support in France.
[40]: title received due to the discovery of Terrarrica. After the expelling of the Jerusalem Pope from the Crusader lands, the leonese launched a small crusade to expel the last Moors from Iberia, and stabilished a new city near Murcia with the Terrarican gold.
[41]: The personal union developed into an official unification of both countries. The centralization of the Empire in Constatinople, but with Catholicism (Constance branch) as official religion, causing serious instabilities.
[42]: the Jerusalem Papacy, after defeats in the Holy Land and without a route to the east, was re-based in Leon, focusing in the Reconquista.
[43] Following the deaths of the Pope of Jerusalum and the Pope of Rome, Antoine V of France focused on attempting to reunite the two branches of Catholicism. The death of the Pope Benedict Paul III a year later was seen as a sign that all three branches must unify. For the next few years, all three seats remained empty as the cardinals of each branch attempted to work on a compromise.
[44] Shortest reigning Holy Roman Emperor, with a total rule of approximately eight hours. On the night of his coronation, Heinrich mistook a large open window as the entryway for a balcony. He subsequently fell several stories to his death.
[45] Due to a lack of male successors and a fear of other monarchs claiming the nation, after the death of Gaspar, his daughter, Isabella, inherited the throne. Isabella's reign saw a dramatic increase in the stability and prestige of Leon. Like her father, she funded a multitude of expeditions and made significant efforts to increase Leon's presence in the New World. For her achievements, she is often considered one of the Greatest European Monarchs and Mother Hispania.
[46] Due to the instabilities caused by the Catholic Emperor Stephen II, the Hungarian Dynasty is deposed by Constantine Psellos, an orthodox man who claimed to be descendent of Alexius I Comnenus. He declares himself Emperor of the Romans and the Byzantine Empire is restored, while Hungary succumbs into a serious civil war between the two surviving sons of Stephen; Bela and Benedek.
[47] Constantine held his "Eastern Roman Empire"--consisting largely of Constantinople and a small portion of the lands surrounding it, for twenty-three years, by regularly bribing the Hungarian Emperor, his Rurikid and Pole allies, and the Turks. Eventually, the Turks decided the bribes weren't big enough, leading to the Second Sacking of Constantinople by the ambitious Kilij Arslan VII of the Seljuk Rum. Constantine was killed in the assault, after which the Turks made themselves masters of Constantinople.
[48] After defeating his brother in the civil war, Bela had himself crowned "Roman Emperor in the East" in Buda-Pest, which was again made the capital. While Bela would occasionally make a motion at recapturing Constantinople, he considered the city more trouble than it was worth. Henceforth, the ruler of Hungary was the 'Roman Emperor of the East', commonly called the 'Hungarian Emperor'.
[49] After much debate, it was agreed that the Roman claim was correct, with the new Pope, Leo XII taking his name from his predecessor. The papacies of Constance and "Jerusalem"--presently based in Lisbon--are declared to be "archcardinalates"--a new rank invented specifically for this situation--allowed to "comment" and "elucidate" on the Pope's decisions.
[50] Only surviving son of Charles V, he was in a precarious situation at the beginning of his reign as his cousin, Duke Henri of Aquitaine, had his eyes on the crown. He proved to be very strong in politics, getting rid of his ennemies or isolating them. He also played an important role on European politics, being the most well informed thanks to his spies. Earned his nickname because it was said no fly could escape his web of agents.
Philip I was also very close to the people and did everything he could to weaken the French nobility's power.
[51] Isabella I of Leon married her eldest son, Alphonso, to the newly crowned Queen Maria I of Castille in 1524. When Alphonso IX ascended the throne, both he and Maria declared that their eldest son would inherit both the crowns of Castille and Leon.
[52] Sometimes called Arthur III because of the Arthurian legends. The most honest and benevolent king of his time, he never got along with Philip I of France whom he never trusted. Died peacefully in his sleep although conspiracist theory said the French king had him poisonned.
[53] Sadly, Alphonso and Maria died without issue. The throne of Leon went to Alphonso's brother Gaspar, the throne of Castile went to Maria's cousin, Ferdinand. However, both kings laid claim to the other throne, setting off a lengthy war that increased resentment and rivalry between the two kingdoms.
[54] Was a teenage vassal of Joan II but gained support among the people and lords as he claimed descent from Robert I. Fought a brutal civil war with Joan that ended in Joan's death at the hands of an assassin. Fought on and off wars with France but was always victorious.
[55] When Sigismund IV died without issue, Konrad, a low-level noble of dubious origin claimed the throne, citing illegitimate descent from Sigismund III. He was opposed by most of the nobles of Poland, the Prince of Vladimir, and the Emperor of Hungary. After his reign, young Sigismund V, of the House of Jagiellon, was given the throne under regency. He proved an able and wise King.
[56] Sulyeman VII was overthrown by Matthias the Mighty, ending the rule of the Rum Seljuk over Constantinople. Matthias chose to keep the capital at Budapest, and instead gave rule of the city of Constantinople to the Patriarch, a state of affairs that his descendents maintained.
[57] After Douglas II died without male issue -- his only son having died on a French battlefield -- Alfred inheritted the Scottish throne through his mother; his dual reign is compared very favorably with that of Robert the Scot.
[58] After the death of Antonio, Juan V of Aragon proved to be the next of kin. Already King of Navarre and Sicily, Juan proved to be an important figure in Iberian politics
[59] Charles V proved to be the last Emperor to be important because he was Emperor. After his death, a struggle between the Wittlesbachs, Hohenstaufens, and the Romanofs of Sweden-Norway borke the Empire's stability
[60] To streamline things, Alfred V/I merged the kingdoms into the Kingdom of Albion by royal decree (What's that? An elected body of officials called Parliament calling the shots in Britain? How absurd!). William II/I maintained this, and added Ireland, to boot, and the Act is still enforced today. William II was also the last king of England to hold land in France, for his reign saw Bretagne and Normandy fall to the French, though the heir apparent of England is still titled "Duke of Normandy".
[61] After the death of Emperor John, the line passed through his dead sister to her son, Sigismund Jagiellon, the King of Poland and Bohemia. Sigismund was wholly uninterested in the country, and this marks the beginning of Hungary's slow decline
[62] In 1608 Prince Yuri marched down with a massive army and took Constantinople from the Magyars, crowning himself Tsar of All Russias in the process. By this point, Constantinople was a shadow of its former glory, so Yuri returned home to Suzdal. Yuri is also, through a bizarre and labyrinthine series of inheritances, the technical king of Jerusalem, though that claim is maintained only to give the Coat of Arms some cool imagery
[63] At this point more and more popes were being selected from Italian statelets
[64] The Sultanate continued on after losing Constaninople to the Hungarians, and became the preeminent power in the Middle East.
[65] Carlos I of Aragon and Castille had been married with Infante Isabella of Leon. An epidemy of smallpox in the royal family left Isabella as the sole heir to the crown of Leon, virtually merging Castille, Aragon and Leon.
[66] Ludwig of Baden's candidature had very few chances of succeeding. Yet, because of the struggle between the Hohenstaufen, Romanovs and Wittelsbach, who were doing everything so that one of their rivals wouldn't get the crown, the electors designated him. Ludwig IV was a good emperor, but he sadly spent the majority of his reign to play as an arbiter between the three rival houses. According to some, he died of exhaustion.
[67] In November 1624, Robert of Arran, a descendant of Macbeth VII, rose in uprising againt the English Kings as he opposed the act of Union. He was crowned as Robert IV and fought for independance. He fell in Battle in March 1625 and the rebels, deprived of their leaders, surrendered to the William III. This was the only serious uprising immediately after the union of Scotland and England.
[68] Laszlo I was more competent than his father, but the rule of Sigismund I had turned the Hungarian nobility against the Emperor. Laszlo I would be the last Emperor to reign relatively unopposed, despite some huge political fights with the nobility. He earned his surname many years later, as he was the first who saw the Twilight of the Hungarian Empire.
[69] The next election for Holy Roman Emperor ended in charges of corruption and fraud, with every participant claiming to have won, and been cheated by the others. Over a decade of inconclusive fighting and dubious claiments ended with the formal dissolution of the "Empire" into a group of independent states.
[70] The ascent of Laszlo II--a known opponent of the Magyar nobility--to the throne convinced the gentry that enough was enough. The Hungarian Senate met, formally deposed Laszlo and his line, and installed a distant cousin, John of Bucharest, who took as his house name "Mojmir-Arpad". The Fifteen Year War between Poland and Hungary was devastating for both nations, but ended with Hungary seperated from Poland, and the throne of Poland gaining recognition as an imperial throne in its own right.
[71] Ferdinand V formally merged all the crowns he controlled as he recognized the legitimacy of the italian crown, convincing the Pope to give him the title of Emperor of Hispania.
[72] Shortly after the partial dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Pietro de Medici, who was grand duke of Tuscany and besieged Milan, used his influence with the pope (a Medici himself, and Pietro's uncle) to achieve the Italian crown. Such realm was not, obviously, recognized by many of the german sucessor states, but it slowly got legitimacy, specially after the Iberian merging.
[73] The death of Dmitri III with no heir caused the Russians to look for a relation able to take the throne. The best available candidate was Ernest of the now dispossessed House of von Oldenberg, who took the reign name of Boris as a sign of his devotion to his new homeland. Having only a limited understanding of Russian custom, Boris's reign saw the Russian Senate taking a dominant role in the governing of Great Rus.
[74] Philip III, being mad, was never married and died without issue. The succession then went to Charles, Count of Champagne, Philip III's cousin and a descendant of Philip I.
[75] Gave the Papal State a small island in Terrarrica (OTL Barbados) as a gift. Due to the Papal State's lack of seafaring capabilities however, the island remained under de facto Hispapanian control until the mid 1800s, when it became home to the Archcardinalate of Jerusalem.
[76] Antoine VI launched the Italian Wars in 1721, with Bavaria and Baden as his allies, by invading of northern Italy, claiming to be in support of his 'oppressed allies' in Genoa and Venice. (Hispania, though disliking the new Italian state, which it felt threatened its holdings in Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica, was equally threatened by French interest in Tolosa and Marsiho, and so rebuffed Antoine's efforts for an alliance.) Antoine's invasion met spirited resistance from the Italians and condemnation from the Pope. In 1722, Albion, Luxembourg, and Hungary came to the assistance of Italy, hoping to restrain French power. (Albion and Luxembourg both hoped to gain land from France as well.) This brought Scandinavia and Swabia into the war in 1723, which brought Poland and Russia into the war in 1724. The whole affair ended in 1727 with thousands dead, and little changes in the international scene, the big losers being Swabia, which lost several eastern provinces to Poland, and Scandinavia, which lost Finland to Russia.
[77] Philip IV never approved the foreign politics of his father, though he participated in the Italian Wars. The bloodbath that engulfed Europe shocked him, especially when his eldest brother Louis died on the battlefield. When Antoine VI finally died, Philip IV did everything he could to erase the misdeeds of his father and restore France's image. By the end of his reign, France was once again seen as a respectable nation.
[78] While the Holy Roman Empire existed, Thuringia was ruled by another royal house, the Ludowinger Dynasty. In 1639, Hermann III, the last Ludowinger King of Thuringia died ans the throne passed to his daughter, whom had married Augustus II of Saxony. The major powers of the Holy Roman Empire, namely the competing houses for the Holy Roman Emperor crown, didn't wish for a Saxon-Thuringia Union and appealed to Emperor Ludwig IV. When Augustus II of Saxony died in 1645, Saxony and Thuringia were partitionned between his two sons. They were only recognized as Independant Kings once the Holy Roman Empire exploded.
[79] Alexander VI died without sons. Shortly before his death, he passed a law allowing women to succeed the crown, but only if a king had no longer any sons. This allowed Elisabeth I to take the crown. Though she is remembered for her great beauty, Elisabeth I was far from stupid : today, she is remembered as the first female monarch of Albion but also as one of its greatest.
[80] After Alp Arslan VI's death, the Seljuk Sultanate was left without an heir to the throne. The nobles formally elected Abdel Aziz Osmanli, the wealthiest, wisest and most powerful of them all, to suceed the Sultan.
[81] Edmund was king Alexander VI's brother and thus Elisabeth I's uncle. He was known for his administrative skills but also for his huge ambition. While his brother was aging, he acted more and more like he was the King. He opposed his niece when she succeeded the crown and tried to make Scotland secede. While at first he rallied all those opposing Elisabeth, he proved to be a tyran and was soon abandonned. Six month after his rebellion, he was betrayed by Duke Richard of York, his best friend, who brought him before Elisabeth. Richard of York was pardoned while Edmund was beheaded.
[82] William V of Albion was the son of Elisabeth and her consort, Prince Charles of Luxembourg, who took the house name of "Monmouth-von Luxembourg". Being of a prideful nature, he started what in France, England and Hispania are known as "the Colonial Wars", and what are known in the East and the German states as "the Wars of Betrayal". William sought to improve Albion's power by increasing its colonial holdings in North Terrarica, his mother's careful project. He planned to do this by seizing France and Hispania's holdings, both far more extensive than Albion's. In this he had the encouragement of his uncle, Otto XIII of Luxembourg, who assured him that if he made his move, Luxembourg would declare war on France. Thus distracted, France would be unable to pursuse a full-scale war, leaving Albion to face only Hispania--which would not want to commit too many resources to preserving the significantly poorer northern colonies. In 1775, William made his move. However, while Luxembourg DID declare war on France, most of its energies were spent persecuting France's allies in the German states, specifically Saxony and Thuringia. This caused Poland, Baden, and Bavaria to declare war on Luxembourg's allies Brandenburg and Swabia. Albion found itself facing the combined might of Hispania and France with virtually no support. By the war's end in 1883, Albion had lost most of its colonies in Terrarica, Hispania ruled the waves, France became the primary colonial power in North Terrarica, Luxembourg absorbed Thuringa and most of Saxony--Scandinavia, a latecomer to the war, getting the rest--Poland absorbed Brandenburg, and Baden and Bavaria split Swabia between them. William drank himself to death, a broken man, while Otto enjoyed a reputation as the most devious monarch in Europe, as people whispered of secret treaties, and treacherous agreements between supposed enemies.
[83] Pietro travelled extensively throughout Europe and Terrarica in his youth, gaining an admiration for the Eastern Empires and a hearty contempt for much of the West. Why is it, he would ask, that the Western monarch may be no more than a king, and rule no more than a tiny province, and yet he demands absolute power over his land and all who live in it, while the Emperors of the East rule over vast lands, and see themselves as servants of the State? He even compared Russia's conquest of the East 'where they have sought to educate and improve those savages that God has seen to place under their rule', to Hispania's 'brutal enslavement' of Terrarica's natives. All this talk was seen as the idle chatter of a gadfly--until Pietro's elder brother Lorenzo died, followed by his father, making him the King of Italy. Pietro "easternized" his court, creating a Senate, and freeing the serfs. The success of his reforms--less remarkable when one considers that he ruled over a heavily urbanized state which contained in it several former republics--created an enthusiasm for "easternization" throughout much of Western Europe, especially among younger nobles and the growing middle class.
[84] As the Colonial War raged on across Europe and Terrarica, war exhaustion began to grow throughout France and its holdings. In an attempt to please prevent a full-scale revolution, Louis XIII instituted a number of government reforms limiting the power of future monarchs, and granting more to the peasantry. This had the effect of making him very unpopular among the aristocracy but loved by the lower classes.
[85] Although Otto's move dramatically increased Luxemburg's temporal power, it also made Luxemburg the most hated nation in all of Europe and drastically reduced the nation's prestige. Peter's more confrontational personality only worsened matters, as did his craven submission to Bainbridge Plunkett. Although he won the war, Luxemburg was shunned by the other nations and their merchants were banned from most centers of trade. Peter also became the first monarch to be excommunicated by the Church in several centuries after agents from Luxemburg were discovered attempting to infiltrate the Vatican. Many Luxembourgish fled in seek of stability in neighboring countries. He did not live to see the massive revolts that would spread throughout the country after his death.
[86] Paul is remembered for having close ties with the Papacy. Aside from guaranteeing the Papal State's independence, he also worked with the Church to send a significant force of missionaries to the East. The canonization process began almost immediately after his death.
[87] Urban reported to have had a dream of the Church becoming filled with corruption. Fearing that this was a prophetic vision from God, he established the role of the Inquisitor within the Church. The purpose of this official is to monitor the clergy to prevent any abuses or scandals. He was viewed with distrust by many of his peers as a result of his country of origin.
[88] With massive cultural, technological and political changes occuring around the world Luke called the First Council of Rome, to deal with rising contemporary issues and redefine vital Church doctrine. The most prominent decision made by the council was its definition of Papal Infallibility. (The Decision on this is same as our own)
[89] Established the First Constitution of the Kingdom of France, an idea that had already been planned by his father Louis XIII. The King's powers were limited, though they remained quite important, and a Parliament was created. This Parliament was composed by two chambers : the Senate, composed mostly by the Nobility, and the Chambre, composed by representant of the people. Louis XIV was one of the most efficient rulers of France. Despite this, his reign is touched by connection to the infamous Bainbridge Plunkett, to whom he granted Normandy and Brittany, the title of "Prince of France" and the hand of his sister Francoise.
[90] Grandson of Diego II, he was crowned at age 18. His 55 years old reign is one of the longest in European history. His principled defiance of Bainbridge Plunkett's invasion made him a hero to Spain.
[91] Son of William V. He was unable to resolve the great economical crisis left by his father and his reforms didn't resolved the problem but increased them. He also faced a huge opposition from the nobility, led by the Dukes of York, who didn't want to let go of their privileges.
[92] He was sufferring from a lung cancer from the whole of his reign.
[93] Charles spent much of his reign in exile in the Papal States, as Bainbridge Plunkett, by all practical measures, ruled the German States.
[94] Ulrich died in exile waiting for the fall of Bainbridge Plunkett. By his instruction, his body was buried in Rome, his heart in Switzerland.
[95] Ambitious and spiteful, Gustav began his reign with wars against Luxembourg, Poland and Russia, all of which failed to accomplish much. Scandinavia was then conquered by Bainbridge Plunkett. After being thrown out of the Papal States, Gustav was shuffled around Europe, dying in Russia.
[96] Nicholas was "crowned" in Russia, and spent the early years of his reign waiting for Bainbridge Plunkett's defeat. Afterwards, he did his best to maintain good relations with the monarchs of Europe, especially the Eastern Empires.
[97] Lorenzo, a dreamy and senstitive man, found himself acting as the linchpin for resistance to Bainbridge Plunkett after France's surrender. A talented painter, sculptor and musician, his courage became as famous as his art.
[98] Harold IV was if anything even more inept than his father, bankrupting Albion by sponsoring rebellion in the colonies. His efforts at reform, including calling 'Parlement' for the first time in centuries, ultimately engulfed Albion in rebellion and chaos. The crown was overthrown, and the English Republic was born. Harold, his wife, and his children were all killed by the Republicans.
[99] An effort to create a new government without a King, the English Republic lurched from bloody excess to bloody excess for its fourteen year reign, as even powers sympathetic to it came to reject its radical nature. In its later years, the ambitious Irish general Bainbridge Plunkett rose to fame. Racking up victories in Scandinavia and France, he became the hero of the Republic.
[100] Bainbridge Plunkett was named Dictator by popular acclaim. (Or at least, that was the official line). The Anglo-Irish General ruled with an iron fist, while conquering the German States, and fending off Poland, Russia, and Hispania. France's surrender and his marriage to Francoise de Champagne saw "the Hero of the Republic" take a startling move.
[101] Crowned as Emperor Bainbridge I, Plunkett continued to his mad ambition, launching wars in the Colonies, and the infamous "Hispanic Expedition" that gutted his army. Though he succeeded in holding the day of reckoning off for eleven years, eventually the combined forces of great Polish General Jan Potocki, his Russian counterpart Arkadin Surorov, and the Hispania Armada launched the first successful invasion of Albion in centuries. Bainbridge was deposed, sent to Iceland, and the Monmouth-von Luxembourg's restored to the throne.
[102] Harold IV's brother, William was more competent than his brother, but still found himself swamped by Albion's massive problems. The sudden return of Bainbridge Plunkett from exile toppled his first government, and he fled to the Continent.
[103] Bainbridge's second reign lasted for two hundred days, ending in his defeat by a massive French-Polish Army led by Jan Potocki in the Battle of Morbihan. This time he was exiled to Greenland, where he died three years later.
[104] William's second reign saw him grappling more successfully with Albion's problems--still reform was proving difficult.
[105] Selim I was a tolerant and enlightened monarch who sought peace and understanding with Europe. His most amazing accomplishment is the famed Egyptian Canal, which gave access to the Red Sea--and thus the Indian Ocean--from the Mediterranean. The canal was funded by a mixture of Turkish, Hungarian and Russian funds, and gave Eastern Europe readier access to India, much to Hispania's displeasure.
[106] During the 1880s, the French colonies in Terrarica were asking for more and more independance. Louis XIV answered by giving more and more autonomy to the colonies, including their own Parliament and naming a Viceroy who would rule in the name of the French King. The fist viceroy was Philip of Louisiana, a descendant of Charles VI's youngest brother, Louis, who had founded the colony of Louisiana, making him a distant cousin of the French King.
The cries for independance however grow more and more impatient, especially when French Terrarican troops participated in the Baindbrige Wars. Shortly after Louis XIV's death and Charles VII's ascension, several riots broke out in Terrarica. This riots ended up becoming a rebellion, led by the new Viceroy, Henri of Louisina (Philip's son). Charles VII, however, was very reluctant to wage war against his own subjects. He went to Terrarica and opened diplomatic negociations with the Terraricans. This resulted in New France's independance and the crowning of Henri I of New France.
[107] In 1905, German Nationalists wishing for German Unification met in Munich. They demanded the Unification of Germany and offered the crown to Maximilian IV of Bavaria. The Bavarian King was ready to accept the crown, especially after Karl Franz II of Baden agreed to this. However, Charles VII of Luxembourg strongly opposed the idea and made it known. Opposition soon arose in Scandinavia and Poland, and Maximilian IV ended up refusing, fearing he would cause a war. The conference of Munich ended up in failure, but the idea of German Unification was never forgotten.
[108] Ireland rose in rebellion against Albion in 1896. The Irish soon proclaimed the nephew of former Emperor Bainbridge I, Brian Bainbridge Plunkett, as King of Ireland and legitimate Emperor of Albion. He took the name Bainbridge III, as Bainbridge I had had a legitimate son, Brian Lewis Baindbrige Plunkett, with his wife Françoise of France, but Louis (as he was called by the French royal family) died in 1881 despite having been treated well by his grandfather, Louis XIV of France.
[109] Peter's reign marked the end of an age for most of Europe. Acting as a ruthless tyrant, opposed to any and all political reform, the revolts in Luxemburg went from bad to worst. He commanded his military leaders to kill any dissenters on sight. In 1923, he was assassinated during a parade in the capital by members of the Christian Liberation Party. Members of the organization were a part of a larger sociopolitical movement that had spread throughout Europe seeking a classless society structured upon communal ownership. Members asserted that the early Church created a classless society and strove to imitate it.
[110] Over the next few months, the revolutionaries sought ought and destroyed all members of the Luxemburg royal family.
[111] Spent most of his nine month reign in hiding with several of his advisors and his family. When the revolutionaries discovered his location in December, they boarded up the house and set it on fire. Despite rumors to the contrary, it is the general consensus among historians that all royal family members, including the King's four young daughters, died.
[112] The Christian Commune of Luxembourg lasted a handful of months, before the surrounding nations put an end to it. However, Poland, France and Scandinavia all had their own heirs, and refused to accept any others, resulting in a war which refused to end. (Henri X of France's expansionist ambitions played a significant part in all this.) As the war dragged on, old alliances came into play, gradually dragging all of Europe into war, as the Eastern Empires and Italy supported Poland's candidate, Hispania and the young nation of Greece supported Scandinavia's, and Albion, Baden, and Bavaria supported France's. The whole bloody affair finally ended in 1929, with George of the House of Monmouth-von Luxembourg taking the throne, and millions dead in Europe, France's government compromised, and Hispania's overthrown.
[113] A brutal tyrant, Felipe resisted all attempts to Easternize and liberalize Hispania, turning back those reforms his father and grandfather had made. His efforts had some success--until he entered Hispania in the Great War. This tried the nations resources to the utmost, ultimately resulting in the bloody overthrow of one of the most ancient and respected royal houses of Europe. As opposed to the Christian Commune of Luxembourg, the Holy Socialist Regime of Hispania would remain in power for a long time.
[114] A member of the lower nobility, Miguel Hoz (real name: Miguel Fernandez de Ayala) was head of the Christian Socialist Party of Hispania, and served as the Holy Socialist Regime's first de facto dictator.
[115] Felipe III's nephew, Felipe managed to form a government-in-exile in Sicily, though he found few willing to assist him in overthrowing the Holy Socialist Regime.
[116] George II of Monmouth-von Luxembourg career managed to be quite remarkable. Inheriting the rocky throne of Albion from his less than competent father, he managed to rock it even further, resulting in his overthrow and the founding of the Second English Republic. Following the Great War, he became the new King of Luxembourg, though fortunately age, illness, and the watchful eye of Poland had muted his less admirable qualities.
[117] The onset of the Great War saw the nervous Albion Republic fall into chaos, something that Gabriel Bainbridge Plunkett took advantage of. He returned to Albion, recieved official recognition as "Emperor" by the government, and quickly allied Albion with France, while doing his best to minimize the nation's involvement in the actual conflict.
[118] Iraklis Crispo, a charismatic young Greek nobleman successfully lead a Pan-Greek national movement that resulted in the Russian and Hungarian Empires giving freedom to their Greek provinces, which created a new Kingdom of Greece, with Athens its capital. (Iraklis understood that Constantinople as a capital would not only step on the Patriarch's toes, but send a very concerning message to the two Eastern Empires.) Iraklis guided his young Kingdom as best he could, but a tide of patriotism saw Greece entering the Great War on the side of Scandinavia. The costly struggle wound up greatly weakening the young Greece nation, and caused Iraklis such stress that he died prematurely of a heart attack.
[119] Had a tumultuous reign because of his father's actions. He managed to stay on the throne but lost a great deal of its political powers to the Parliament. He did achieve something great : he was able to keep France at peace throuhought his reign.
[120] Violently put down every opposition he could face and made it so he was the only one in charge. He would be responsible for millions of death within the Holy Socialist Regime of Hispania, thanks to his scaring effective political police. He died of Apoplexy, "as if God had answered the Hispanic prayers once again" according to some.
[121] Carlos foolishly (according to some) tried to take advantage of the fact "El Martillo" was suffering from an illness to stir up a rebellion in Hispania, debarking himself to retake the crown. The rebellion was violently "nailed down" by the Socialists. He nearly went back to Sicily on a ship, but was murdered by agents of the Holy Socialist Regime's Political Police and his body thrown into the sea. It was never found again.
[122] Heinrich IX of Bavaria, Ludwig V of Baden and George II of Luxembourg swore to never had a German waged war against another German. To do this, they created the German Confederation, an alliance composed by the three Kingdoms.
[123] Fist Scandinavian King to declare a police of armed Neutrality that would be followed by his successors.
[124] Catherine was the only child of Lorenzo IV. Before her father's death, she had married Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. In honor of what all the Medici had done to Italy, they decreed that the new Italian Dynasty would be called the House of Sforza-Medici.
[125] Constantine I resisted the calls of the "Neo-Byzantines" urging him to be crowned as Constantine XIV or XV (due to a debate on the numerotation).
[126] Visited many hospices that housed veterans of the Great War and made numerous called for peace. He also participated actively in International negociations, although he was more there as a Morale figure than a political one. For his efforts, he would later be canonized.
[127] Bavaria is thrown into Communist Rebbellion.The King is overthrown and it becomes a communist state
[128] The people send the nation into civil war over the power of the king, overthrowing him.
[129] Democratic elections are held in Hispania and the Christian Socialist Party is elected for a 4 year term
) that you've neglected the Orthodox Balkans and Anatolia.