In order for the US to "not enter ww2", you almost certainly need a combination of increased isolationism (doable) and a benign Japan (tough, but not impossible). Otherwise, conflict between the Anglo-Americans and Japan in the Pacific inexorably morphs into an Anglo-American alliance.
About the only way, imho, for Nazi Germany to defeat the USSR and reach the Urals in anything resembling our ww2 is in the case of a Soviet political collapse in the aftermath of a Stalin death coupled with Germany rolling 6s from start to finish.
Now, even if that were the case, I have considerable doubts that the Heer reaching the Urals necessarily leads to peace - the Soviet remnant will still have ample manpower and industry in western Siberia, and the Nazis aren't the kind of people who tend to leave a job half-finished. But, for the sake of argument, let's assume this is the case, and a political settlement between Nazi Germany and USSR-across-the-Urals is reached - where is there still fighting?
1. Caucasus.
Britain and the USSR jointly occupied Iran at the outset of Barbarossa. Germany will absolutely insist on taking direct control of Baku, which puts them within spitting distance of the British zone in Iran. However, I doubt it would ever come to this, as Britain is very likely to send troops into the Caucasus itself (likely with the agreement of whatever Soviet faction controls the area) in order to hold off the Germans, if the front truly looks like it has collapsed. Whatever Soviet forces are left in the area fighting side-by-side with the British probably end up rolled into a separate command set up by London and not answerable to whoever is in charge in Siberia, and the fight continues. During Case Blue in '42, Germany found it impossible to supply large forces so far forward in the south. More trucks available should alleviate some of that, but the British can also match them to some extent, including using Indian Army troops that aren't that needed back home (since we established Japan is peaceful in this scenario), and the defenders also have a massive advantage thanks to the terrain. Now, in time (certainly not in '42, or even '43), Germany may eventually, and with great difficulty, push across the mountains and into north-western Iran, but any hopes of getting a single drop of oil from Baku is likely close to zero.
2. Central Asia
The area between the Caspian and Aral Sea may or may not be off-limits to combatants, depending on what kind of political settlement, if any, is reached between the Nazis and rump-USSR. If it ends up a battlefield, it's yet another ulcer Germany has to deal with, in a theater similar in style to North Africa, i.e. where everything has to be hauled over enormous distances via truck - once again, an area where logistical limitations favor the British, and which likely ends up in a similar back-and-forth as North Africa did OTL.
3. North Africa
Yet another place where Germany will be bleeding thousands of trucks and precious fuel. In the long run, the British are probably favored to take Libya. At best, Germany forces a stalemate. Strong possibility of the fighting eventually shifting to Algeria&Tunisia if and when Libya falls to the Brits. Regia Marina, whilst putting up a decent fight, is still outmatched here.
4. Atlantic
Britain will continue its blockade, Germany its U-Boat war. In the long run, the U-boats are destined to lose even absent direct American involvement, but a shift in emphasis on increased U-Boat construction may keep them viable as a major threat maybe an extra year?
5. Battle of Britain part 2, Electric Boogaloo
Given British stubbornness to quit, coupled with Nazi feelings of invincibility following their defeat of the USSR, coupled with Hitler's tendency to pick the most agressive option in order to solve a problem, the likelihood of seeing renewed mass air raids against Britain in order to force an end to the war is super high. Eventually, V-weapons will be added into the mix. While this will invariably draw away some British resources from the side-theaters, it's an area where Britain is massively favored, yet Germany will still try to bash their head against the wall put up by Fighter Command regardless.
6. Aegean Sea
Now, this of course depends on the whos, whats and hows of 1940 and 1941, but a successful Barbarossa is much more likely without a Balkan campaign (wear and tear having cost the Germans dearly in trucks OTL here). This means that, post Soviet collapse, there's either a continued Italo-Greek fight on the Albanian border, or Italy starts a fight on its own except now instead of 1940, for the same prestige and idiocy reasons it did OTL. Of course, a total Axis victory in the area like OTL is not off the cards, but neither is a stalemate, with Britain keeping control of Crete and some islands, and a naval-and-air war grinding on for years, with the UK's own mini island-hopping campaign.
7. Bomber offensive against Europe
Much weaker without America and with the extra theaters, but this will still continue, and only grow in intensity over the years. Certainly no shift to daytime bombing anytime soon though.
8. Odds and Ends
- Germany may attempt an invasion of Turkey in '42 or '43 to try and break the various stalemates with Britain in the region. If so, likely heavy fighting there if they're lucky to secure a crossing over the Bosphorus at the start.
- Spain. Hitler may attempt regime change in Madrid, and if so, Britain will likely try and intervene, at least for a while. Or Spain joins the war, in which case we may end up with another front somewhere in French Morocco, as the fighting inevitably spreads.
- northern Norway. If the British feel like this is something worth pursuing, they could in theory attempt a landing at Narvik in '44 or later; remote enough that bringing in large force is difficult for Germany
9. Endgame
At great cost, Tube Alloys eventually comes online.