Russia and Austria continue with their game of propping up the Sultan and avoiding all change to the Balkans. If Italy still declares war over Libya, Abdul Hamid is likely to be far more realistic than the Turks OTL and cut a face saving deal leaving him in far better shape to deal with the Balkan league- assuming it still forms
If a WWI situation develops, he's likely to sit it out and play both sides for concessions. He'll only join a side after he's convinced they will win
Internally, the Ottomans would stay their course with no major changes. Abdul Hamid has ten years yet to live- he might be able to hold on that long
I think this pretty neatly sums up the likely course of events.
Just out of curiosity, what kind of face saving deal do you think he’ll cut? An Italian “Khedivate” much the same as the British in Egypt?
Interesting, so possible avoidance of the Balkan wars? Or perhaps a less humiliating defeat for the Turks in that regard. And also, seemingly peaceful hand over of Libya
If, and I stress if, the Ottomans avoid the War with the Italians then there’s every chance the Balkan Wars will be butterflied away. It was the Ottoman’s performance against the Italians that gave the Balkan States the push to start their war.
The Sultanate may even be seen as a regional bulwark and receive support from the Great Powers (diplomatic at least) to dissuade the Balkans from trying anything.
This throws up the possibility of the Ottoman Empire surviving longer, if it can modernise and industrialise with support from Great Powers wanting a return on their investments...