It's just like connorCD and Kaze above said, there's a lot of factors why the Qing didn't industrialise as much as Japan. The Qing tried to industrialise but it was too late, not to mentioned the efforts to industrialise were hampered by government corruption, incompetence and traditionalist conservatives of inward-looking prevailed in the ruling elites. That, a lot of wars and defeats also hampered meaningful industrialisation efforts.
There was reform movement called Hundred Days Reform in response to humiliating defeats China had suffered for more than half a century at the hands of foreign powers. But Cixi and the conservatives put them down. This sudden halt to the brief Hundred Days’ Reform meant that China—now under the total rule of archconservative, scheming Cixi—had no chance of modernizing like Japan did, paving the way for further humiliation and growing resentment towards the Qing Dynasty, leading China closer and closer to revolution.