Peter I concentrates on the Black Sea

This is more or less continuation of the subject started in "Not too Great Norther War".

What if Peter (with a little bit more consistent way of thinking than in OTL) refuses to join Danish, Saxon coalition and keeps concentrating upon conquest of the Black Sea coast?

He already has the wharves in Voronez, port of Azov on Azov Sea, a considerable (by the numbers if not by quality of the ships) modern fleet of Azov and a right of navigation on the Black Sea (which allows, among other things, to train the crews of his fleet).

This is 1700 and he is at peace with the Ottomans. Taking into an account that Crimean Khanate always providing suitable provocations, war can be declared at the time of his (Peter's) choosing. However, all the way until 1716 he will be acting alone (1716 - 18 Austro - Ottoman War) so we have to assume that, unlike his OTL approach to the wars, he will use few years for training and shaping his army based on the existing considerable (if not quite good) experience of the earlier conflicts with the Ottomans and Crimea. Let's say, 4 - 5 years to be on a safe side.

Unlike the OTL Russian-Ottoman wars of the XVIII century prior to the war of 1787 - 92, he has an existing navy to back up his land operations.

To minimize the problems plaguing earlier Golitsin's campaigns against Khanate and his own Azov campaigns, the field army is made more mobile by cutting baggage train to a necessary minimum. It also trained to attack in the square infantry formations (instead of waiting passively for the Ottoman or Tatar attack), the regular cavalry is strengthened by adding few cuirassier regiments (the bigger horses are bought in Germany and local breeding starts) the irregular cavalry includes the Cossacks of Don.

The 1st part of the war is going to be mostly against the Khanate. The campaign is going to start early spring when the Tatar horses are weakened.

The main army (approximately 30,000 regular troops and few thousands of the Ukrainian and Don Cossacks) will march across the steppe to launch a direct attack on Perekop defenses ("Armiansk" on the map). March should take less than a month.

The auxiliary corps (approximately 10,000 regular troops) will cross a tiny water space on the entry into Syvash (a large system of shallow salty lagoons) on the East ("Henichesk" on the map) and march along the narrow Arabat Split to end up close to Caffa (Feodosia) and Kerch.

The fleet of Azov has to secure advance of the auxiliary corps and help with capture of both these cities. With the Sea of Azov being secured, supply of the Russian troops could be conducted through Kerch.

In a meantime the loyal Kalmuks are going to be used against the Nogai Horde (nominally subject to the Crimean Khanate) on the Russian left flank.

Fortifications of Perekop consisted of a massive earthwork 8km long and a dry moat. A bridge over the moat was protected by a stone fort. The garrison consisted of 3,000 Ottoman Janissary and unknown number of the Crimean Tatars (very few firearms).

Campaign started in mid-April. Advance corps of the main army reached the fortifications on May 19, defeating in a process attacks of the Crimean cavalry. The main force followed and on May 21 attack started and within a single hour fortifications had been taken. The resisting parts of the garrison were completely exterminated and the rest capitulated with a right of a free passage. Advancing Russian troops captured Yevpatoria (with a lot of supplies) and Bakhchisarai, capital of the Khanate. Then the smaller detachments established control over various parts of the Southern coast (the main inhabitable area of the peninsula).

With the conquest part being completed and all ports (to prevent possible Ottoman landing) occupied and supported by the fleet of Azov, half of the Russian force was withdrawn to be available for the next stage of campaign.

With a reasonably reliable supply by the sea and not excessively big number of the occupying troops, chances for them leaving due to the food shortages were not good and Khan sued for peace and acknowledged Peter as his sovereign. A new naval base for the growing fleet of Azov (now renamed into the Black Sea fleet) had been chosen in a place called Akhtiar (White Cliff) with the earthworks immediately erected along the harbor and Russian troops placed there. Upon visiting the site Peter ordered to start construction of the full-scale fortress and renamed the place ....

A "trifle" was left: to force the Ottomans to agree. ;)


data=3gLHte2H_AWt4Ghyvl4ebgsGiAdUqEYNDrBRPBAsK-9MDpxBCIdcou6WzvtdLbl7DW-qjulAwCj2m4dH4Sg1E5prdoxYFJYBtvoVbYnEuzTTWPS1P3Qb3GCqawn_fuvtPkKxjZxLL4CSiLea75Y4nQKoN4sjJ7F9W-uXNpsWcGACWJTNf3sZpv1Soopd00LlhNbTpbNXK8LqZUDisQgK2HwKaeYK5ts
 
I think the realistic outcome would be achieving nominally "independent" Khanate + transfer of former Ottoman possessions in Crimea to Russians. Turks are unlikely to agree to complete annexation as of now, I think.
 
Is your plan based on Anne's campaign?

Only partially. Strictly speaking, campaigns of Anne's reign demonstrated how NOT to conquer the area. :)

While both Munnich and Lacy had been successful in all their encounters with the Ottomans and Tatars and while penetration of the Perekop defenses proved to be an easy affair, their armies were dying out from exhaustion and even almost immediately after capturing the Tatar herds in the Crimea Munnich's troops had been starving again.

The main problem was in the tactics. With the history of Peter's debacle at Prout in mind Munnich was erring on a cautious side. His troops had been marching in the "Munnich squares": huge columns with with the (excessively big) baggage train and herds of the "beef" inside the formation. They were absolutely safe against Tatar attack but a slow march under the hot sun (in the idiotic "Petrian" uniform not suitable for the climate) was resulting in such an exhaustion of the troops (who had to adjust their march to the speed of the oxen) that during the Ottoman part of his campaign Munnich was forced to abandon this order except for the battlefield formations. Not to mention that having the herds with the marching troops as a supply source proved to be not a very good idea: the oxen did not have enough time for grazing and were dying in big numbers on a route.

When inside the Crimea, an army still tended to move in the big formations and, with most of the peninsula being a marginally populated semi-desert, the problem persisted. If anything, the army of invasion was too big for the theater (62,000): the opponents could be beaten by the much smaller numbers and a smaller army would be able to live off the land (Lacy started running of them with 28,000 but his troops kept acting as a single unit, IIRC).

Almost the same goes for the campaign against the Ottomans: the troops had been exhausted by the marches (eventually, they were allowed to march in the columns) and on a battlefield Munnich was using the same "Munnich squares" (see image below - Battle of Stavuchany).

Battle_of_Stavuchany_Map.jpg



Аrtillery was distributed all over the perimeter (including intervals between the squares thus creating a distinct possibility of shooting at your own troops). For a final attack army was rearranged into a single square with a baggage train inside (which resulted in a very slow advance) stopped after approaching the Ottoman position, set up cheval de frise ("rogatki") and in this formation repelled the Ottoman attacks. Only after the main Ottoman force retreated from the field and put its camp on fire, Munnich advanced and captured abandoned campsite.

For the "Ottoman part" (if I ever came to it :)) I was planning more of Rumiantsev-style tactics: faster moving columns on a march and in the field battles aggressive usage of the divisional squares supported by cavalry for attack. Cuirassiers (actually introduced by Munnich for the "Western" campaigns) proved to be very effective against the Ottoman cavalry.

BTW, "final conquest" of the Crimea in 1770 was quite "unexciting": Prince Dolgorukov with an army of approximately 40,000 accomplished it in approximately 3 months.
 
"It is easy to conquer Crimea, the hard part is entering it"?
But yes, avoiding the logistics screw ups is THE most important part.
 
"It is easy to conquer Crimea, the hard part is entering it"?
But yes, avoiding the logistics screw ups is THE most important part.

For Anne's generals it proved to be other way around: both of them managed to enter but failed to conquer. :)

Do you want me to continue?
 
Top