First Years
Longboats and Norsemen: A Vinland TL

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Chapter 1

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Bjarni Herjolfsson was holding onto the sides of the longboat for dear life as the storm hurled waves after waves of water at him and his longboat. The storm whipped up the winds and they came crashing down upon them. His crew members were desperately manning the longboat to keep the boat afloat on the water as the storm had already claimed two of their comrades into the realm of Njord. The waves crashed onto the sides of the ships and the winds which roared at their high end of speed, made the crew members shiver in gloom.

It was a tense few minutes with the waves crashing down and the winds howling like the Wolf at Ragnarok itself. However as the winds slowly gave away and the clouds departed, Bjarni saw it. He saw land. At first he was relieved and believed that he had reached Greenland against all the odds. However he immediately backtracked. Greenland wasn’t full of green pastures or trees and neither was it filled with hills with forests and the chirping of birds.

“Bjarni! We must disembark and weather the storm in that island!” His trusted shipmate Magnus shouted through the howling winds. “The storm is brewing again, and by this rate, we will be lost to the realm of Njord!”

Bjarni would have liked to see his parents in Greenland sooner, however with the howling winds catching up once again, and the waves rising higher and higher, he reluctantly nodded and shouted “All hands! We make landfall on that island, or land or whatever that place is!”

His shipmates all looked relieved and nodded as they started rowing with renewed strength towards the land they all could see. After a few tense minutes of waves crashing onto them, they crashed into the beach. They all jumped down and immediately got the rope to ties it onto something. Magnus ran inland and carried a huge boulder and plopped it onto the ground where one of the other shipmates tied the longboat onto. Slowly Bjarni and the other men slowly brought out the supplies inside the longboat and went sufficiently inland where the sand gave away to become green grass.

Bjarni sat down on the grass in exhaustion as did his 20 man crew. They all were looking at the longboat and this land with some ill hidden fascination.

Bjarni himself was enraptured by the beauty of the land. There was one thing that struck Bjarni the most however. Vines. Vines were everywhere on this area.

“In the name of the Yggdrasil, what is this place?” Magnus asked in wonder.

“Vinland.” Bjarni answered softly.

“This land is Vinland.” He declared.

Magnus looked at him with surprise and some confusion evident on his face.

Bjarni laughed. “Don’t you get it, Magnus? We thought there was no land beyond Greenland! But we were wrong! We have overshot Greenland by leagues if the stars are anything to go by!”

Magnus looked up towards the sky as the storm and clouds cleared. And according to the stars, well, there was no way, Magnus could identify if what Bjarni said was true or not, however he shrugged in return.

“Do you know what that means my friend?” Bjarni asked with triumph evident in his voice. “We are the first men from Europa to have stepped foot on this land.”

Magnus’s face cleared from confusion as he finished calculating the stars and looked at Bjarni with a look of wonder.

“Bjarni, what do we do with this place?” He asked softly.

“Unfortunately nothing much.” Bjarni said regrettably. “For now we must go to Greenland as soon as possible and then return to Iceland. Then we can invest into this new land we found.”

“Invest into it? How?”

“Settle it of course!” Bjarni said enthusiastically. “We settle down here and create a trading route. After a good enough and stable enough settlement is founded, we go onto explore the area and find out more about this place.”

“Do we have the capability to do this?” Magnus asked with a slight cynical tone entering his voice.

“Oh we don’t. However I have some good friends in high places.” Bjarni laughed.

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Bjarni and his crew landing in Vinland.

***

In 986 AD, the Merchant sailor and sometimes Privateer, Bjarni Herjolsson and his crew disembarked onto a land that Bjarni called ‘Vinland’. From the geographical structure, the crew quickly deduced it to be an island of some size. However the crew could not stay as they had an urgent business to attend to and after the storm subsided the next day, Bjarni and his crew left the newly found land. After a few days of somewhat disjointed sailing, Bjarni managed to navigate his longboat to Greenland where he finally met Erik the Red of Greenland whom his parents had gone to meet, which had prompted the journey in the first place.

There in Greenland, he told them the story about a green island (actual green) in the southwest and that the island was much more hospitable than Greenland itself and Iceland combined. Much of the people dismissed his words as nonsense, no more so than the Christians of the colony, with the age old belief that beyond the seas, the world ended.

However a cautious few believed his tale. Bjarni, the merchant and privateer that he was, could see the long term viability of settling the island. He peddled throughout Germanic Norse Europe looking for resources and families willing to join. Coincidentally, he usually found that Christians would dismiss his experience as an exaggeration or wild tale; as again, the old tale of the end of world seemed to have been ingrained in zealous Christians. However in the Baltic and Scandinavia, he found considerable support from many local Jarls and even a few Baltic chieftains.

On a personal level, the contempt that the Christians showed Bjarni and his experience was nothing to Bjarni, himself, considering he himself was a pagan, however he was deeply hurt by the lack of Christian pockets from which he could funds for such an endeavor with which he was working with. However by the ending months of the early winter of 989 AD, Bjarni managed to convince a number of families to come with him and settle down to make a trading station. Strikingly, much to the disgust of much of Christendom, only 2 families were Christian. In 990 AD, Bjarni set off from Iceland with 10 longboats each consisting of 35 people barring the last two longboats. Around 280 people were leaving with which around 160 were men and 120 were women. The last two longboats were tied to other longboats and contained supplies, and even a few domesticated animals such as chickens, and a very limited amount of horses and cows. (Around 2 Horses and 3 Cows).

In the autumn months of 990 AD, Bjarni and his folk managed to land in the same area that Bjarni and his crew had become stranded in 986 AD.

It was found out that Bjarni and his crew landed in a small peninsula in the island from the navigation that the new crews committed in 99) AD.

Bjarni and his settlers landed Bjarni Cove (OTL Petty Harbor Maddox Cove). First and foremost the settlers started to build homes in which they could actually live in the new cove in which they had landed.

The area where they landed was named Bjarni Cove in honor of Bjarni who found the island in the first place. For a few weeks, the settlers slept in their longboats in the night as in the daytime, the men built their new lodges and homes. After around 3 and a half weeks, the men had been able to succeed to build a rudimentary group of lodges. After this construction ended, the families and settlers moved from the longboats into these new lodges.

After the issue of having shelters had been addressed, the men began looking for a solution for agriculture on this new land.

Of course, the Norsemen also started to farm in the new lands. They found out that the lands weren’t exactly as fertile as they had hoped for, however the land was still much better than the lands found in Scandinavia, Iceland and Greenland.

It was during this time, that the Norsemen came upon the first natives of the land.

***

Bjarni and Magnus and his small party of 10 men were walking near the edge of the forest when Magnus’s ears perked up as they all heard some rustling in the forests. They all turned to see a group of men. They were tall men, with tanned skin, wearing some……tropical garments, from the looks of it, with spears with them. They were looking at them curiously.



****

The initial contact with the natives were largely peaceful, and through some rudimentary hand signs and basic actions, the points got across, as the natives quickly understood that Bjarni’s men had crossed over from the sea from a different landmass. The first 3 natives that Bjarni came across, were largely friendly and after they happily handed over some hunted wolf pelts they returned into the undergrowth of the forest. Bjarni and his men returned to Bjarni’s Cove with some amount of trepidation.

It was that night in Bjarni’s Cove that natives were coined ‘Gamali’ for the natives. Gamal meant old in Norse, and the entire basis was that the natives were the ‘old folk’ of this new land called Vinland.

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Meeting the Gamali folk.

Meanwhile, some of the sailors were getting ready to start bringing new settlers to Vinland as well from Iceland and Greenland. They left during the last months of autumn with 35 men returning to first Greenland and then to Iceland. Bjarni’s end goal was to bring about at least 3,000 settlers into the newly found land.

Meanwhile Magnus and 9 other men created the ‘Exploration Group’ under the auspices of Bjarni, who had by this point become the De Facto leader of the Vinlanders. These ten men started a small scale exploration group towards the west and found out that the place where Bjarni’s Cove was located to be a peninsula. Magnus, named the peninsula to be called the Nerthus Peninsula after the Norse god of peace and prosperity. (OTL Avalon Peninsula).

By this point, the Vinlanders had been able to cultivate fruits and wheat and barley from the ground of their new home, and had collected enough to last the winter, as winter hit the Vinlanders.

By this time, however news had reached to Iceland and Greenland, about the success of the settlers of Vinland, and in Iceland most particularly, the idea of immigrating to a well fertile land was extremely tantalizing. With the pressure to make Christianity the state religion mounting in the Commonwealth of Iceland, many Norse believers were starting to eye the prospect of going to Vinland as well.

By the time the summer of 991 AD approached, the idea of going to Vinland became a good popular theme in Iceland and Greenland.

Also during the start of 991 AD, Magnus’s Brother in Law Einar and his wife, Gurid became the first couple in Iceland to have a baby, named Thors. Thors became the first old worlder to be borne in Vinland.

Meanwhile, Bjarni’s Cove continued to grow in numbers, and its productivity. The Gamali people had kept to themselves. The tribe, who the Norsemen later found out to be named ‘Beothuk’ was an extremely cautious group of people, and had largely steered clear of Bjarni’s Cove and had headed towards the western parts of the island and largely left the Nerthus Peninsula alone. And the rare times they did come forward, it was largely to trade for some wheat and barley in return for skin pelts, and berries with the Vinlanders. Initially, Bjarni had been worried that conflict could erupt between the Vinlanders and the Gamali people, however, due to Bjarni’s merchant expertise, he had cleverly been able to negate any bad impression given to the Beothuk traders who arrived to Bjarni’s Cove once or twice in a few months.

For about five years, the people of Vinland did nothing much else than farming and building a good settlement. Bjarni’s Cove was renamed to be Bjarnithorp by the people. By 999 AD, the population of Vinland reached 3285 people as immigration was almost entirely from Iceland and Greenland. After this, Vinland was quickly becoming alienated as Iceland’s recent Allthing decided in favor of making Christianity the state religion that year.

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King Olaf Tryggvason of Norway who forced Iceland to convert to Christianity.

And in the year 1000 AD, the settlement of Vinland went into a radical change.

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Purple is the settlement of Bjarnithorp and the black dots represent the exploration of Magnus's crew.

999 AD Vinland

Capital: Bjarnithorp
Religion: Norse Paganism

Population: 3600
 
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I’m interested. I always love to see what the Americas could have been like with a pre-Columbus POD, and the Vinland settlement seems like such a fascinating event that often goes overlooked.
 
Neat! A few thoughts:
Avalon Peninsula is host to most of the Beothuk population at this point OTL, so it's a bit weird they'd abandon it full scale (or have I read that wrong?).
It seems that they Norse will be fleeing the encroachment of Christianity in Norway and Iceland in favour of Vinland, which is understandable. However a seperate continent to trade with means Iceland can mostly ignore Norway's influence, is Iceland reverting to paganism?
3285 Norse means the ratio of Norse to Natives is 0.675:1, such rapid growth should alarm and terrify the Beothuk. The Norse can win an outright fight with, so how are each going to deal with that?

Vinland TLs are always great to see.
 
Neat! A few thoughts:
Avalon Peninsula is host to most of the Beothuk population at this point OTL, so it's a bit weird they'd abandon it full scale (or have I read that wrong?).

From what I could read the Exploit River bassin seemed the main center of the Beothuk with Trinity Bay being the other big settlement center.
 
From what I could read the Exploit River bassin seemed the main center of the Beothuk with Trinity Bay being the other big settlement center.
They appear to have been pushed inland from Trinity and Placentia bay by the encroachment of both European and Mi'kmaq settlements in the 1600s, before being confined to the Exploits river in the 1700s. The Little Passage Complex had settlements along the river but they're Beothuk-predecessors not Beothuk proper. The Beothuk appear to have favoured settlement in the Avalon Peninsula due to it's proximity to the Grand Banks.
 
They appear to have been pushed inland from Trinity and Placentia bay by the encroachment of both European and Mi'kmaq settlements in the 1600s, before being confined to the Exploits river in the 1700s. The Little Passage Complex had settlements along the river but they're Beothuk-predecessors not Beothuk proper. The Beothuk appear to have favoured settlement in the Avalon Peninsula due to it's proximity to the Grand Banks.

I decided to try looking into it and found this cool map
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It seems to me that if that the settlement is somewhat away form the main Beothuk settlements on the Avalon peninsula. The fact that Norse had agriculture and domesticated animals would allow to use land which was low value to the Beothuk. At the same time the Beothuk seems mostly to have eaten seals, whales and salmon (in the rivers), while the Norse could go after herring and cod early on.
 
Magnus looked up towards the sky as the storm and clouds cleared. And according to the stars, they had indeed overshot by leagues.
Stars will only tell the latitude of one's position, measuring the longitude will require other means the Norse had no access to, either in the form of the lunar distances method, which is based on special lunar tables not published until 1763 by Astronomer Royal Neville Meskelyne or precise marine chronometres unavailable until John Harrison's 1760 H4. Until then dead reckoning was the only method available to determine one's longitude.
 
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999 AD to 1000 AD or 1 Ar?
Chapter 2: 999 AD to 1000 AD or 1 Ar?

***

During the winter of 999 AD, Bjarni had died at the age of 48 due to increased constraints in his lungs and had suffered death due to it. Immediately a leadership crisis erupted in Vinland. For the decade, the colony had been settled, Bjarni had been the undisputed and undeclared leader of the colony and settlement with little to no opposition at all. However with the death of Bjarni no one knew who would lead the settlement into the future.

Magnus, an Icelandic by birth proposed the Allthing System. This was viewed upon favorably by the populace, however the need for a strongman the likes of Bjarni had been was strong in the Vinlandic populace. The situation was escalating. Some Jarls in Vinland started to aggravate the colony. Though in reality the Jarls of Vinland at this time were nothing but glorified land lords, they still held considerable influence in the normal Vinlandic populace. Thus the people were now divided between the Allthing and the Strongman system.

A middle ground was being looked for by the populace, as men like Magnus who were veterans of the first settlement tried to preserve the settlement from erupting into civil war; which it could nary afford.

However as tensions skyrocketed during the winter after the death and funeral of Bjarni, things were almost brought to a head, until Magnus asked for a temporary Allthing from the powerful people of the settlement to settle the question once and for all.

The Allthing of 999 AD was a somber affair as the Jarls of Vinland somberly entered Bjarni’s Hall, which was the settlement’s city hall, dedicated after Bjarni.

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A sketch of Bjarni's Hall.

The Allthing quickly erupted into fighting and shouts and threats but after some quick paced and slightly frantic negotiating, the world’s first elective monarchy was born.

The Charter of Ylir saw the Jarls and members of Allthing agree on a middle ground.

The charter kept the Allthing as a separate body of the system. The Allthing was to elect a monarch for the new Kingdom, who would become the King of Vinland for life. After his death, the Allthing would select a new King from a group of proper candidates.

The power sharing system in the charter was also very well defined. Around a third of the power was kept with the monarch during the duration of his life. He had absolute power over decisions regarding the fledgling military of Vinland, and any foreign threats. However civilian administration was largely to be kept to the Allthing, who would hold a third of the power. The last third of the power rested among the people of Vinland. Because of Vinland’s low population, it was quite possible to involve the people into the day to day politics of Vinland itself. For example, if the Allthing or the King did something that the people did not like, a Public Voting would be held, where the ‘man’ of the family would put in a vote from part of his family regarding his family’s decision.

Of course, this system came to be known by the English as ‘Referendum’. However the Vinlandic people simply called it ‘Public Voting’. There were of course limitations to this. No slaves were allowed to vote, and no women were either. In fact even men weren’t usually allowed to vote. It was the head of each family, obviously a male, who would be allowed to vote, on behalf of his family.

This Charter was particularly a success from the populace of Norway, who made up the only people group who fled to Vinland from Mainland Europe. From the ~3600 people in Vinland, around ~300 were from Norway whilst the others were from Iceland and Greenland with a few families from the Kingdom of Soreyar, which the English folk called the Kingdom of the Isles.

As the year of 1000 AD came forward, the final immigration to Vinland ended. The peak had been in 996 AD when around 900 immigrants had immigrated to Vinland, however now the immigration had come down to a small trickle, especially after King Olaf of Norway died.

Meanwhile there were other problems plaguing Vinland. After the Charter of Ylis had been signed by the Allthing, the first ‘Public Vote’ was held to see the candidates among the Jarls whom the populace wanted to become the King. The three candidates brought forward was Magnus, the 34 year old friend of Bjarni, Thorfinn Askellson, a popular Jarl from Soreyar, and finally one famed merchant among the local populace of Iceland and Greenland who had immigrated to Vinland, named Eric Askelson.

These three names were brought forward to the Allthing which had 15 members total. And the votes came of the Allthing came in on the dusking days of the month of Thorri.

6 votes – Magnus Grimmson

5 Votes – Thorfinn Askellson

4 Votes – Erik Askelson.

On the last day of the month of Thorri, Magnus Grimmson became King Magnus Grimmson of Vinland. Jarl Thorfinn Askellson became the Head of the Allthing and Erik Askelson was made Head Treasurer.

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King Magnus Grimmson of Vinland.

The (somewhat) peaceful transition of power set the precedent for the future of Vinland, thus successfully becoming one of the first elective monarchy in the world.

Magnus was a good friend of Bjarni and had been the one to persuade Bjarni to land in Vinland in the first place. He had been a page to many of the Jarls in Iceland and Norway, and knew some of the business pretty well.

He had much work to do. He advocated for reforming the Norse Religion. The religion was simply not evangelical as the Christians, who had a figurehead to look up to and had written texts to describe their religion, whilst the Norse simply relied on generationally handed down information from their ancestors. Magnus advocated that committing to reforming the religion could make the religion stronger, and a basis for the new settler colony.

Some Norsemen in the past had been willing to do this, however had been alone in their efforts and largely ignored by the mass majority. However this was not to be the case here in Vinland. The best of the best of the religious class in Vinland convened in the Allthing in the Month of Eimanudur to reform the Norse religion, at least in Vinland.

The Meeting of Eimanudur laid out the new foundation of the Norse religion. All the legends of the religion were compiled into one single text called the Reginkunnr Saga or the Story of Divinity in English. Everything that was known to the Norse Religion was written down in the Reginkunnr Saga and was slated to be duplicated and each family to have them and read them out in holy and auspicious days. The King of Vinland was also made the Hofuo of the religion, becoming the spiritual heir of the religion in Vinland.

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a page from the Reginkunnr Saga.

In celebration of this legendary meeting in 1000 AD, the Lunar Calendar of the Vinlandic people was updated to become 1 Ar; becoming the first year in the Vinlandic Calendar. (Ar meaning year).

During that year, the first symptoms of something different came forward. The Norsemen weren’t prone to having diseases as the mainland Europeans held, however they still held substantial amount of diseases within them. One prominent Beothuk tribal man, named Keathut who was a frequent trader in Bjarnithorp came back to the settlement in panic one day showing the symptoms of mumps and was facing severe fever.

Magnus, who did not wish for the natives or the Gamali people to have a legitimate excuse to wage war on them, decided to take Keathut in to the settlement and started the process of healing the native man who was becoming better and better, with the relatively better medicines that the Norsemen had with them and their physicians. After a few weeks of hurried rest and recovery, Keathut became better and was able to become upright and conscious as the rest of his body healed from the disease. He still showed telltale signs of the disease, however, he was much better than before, and the physicians had high hopes of him surviving. Later a small band of Gamali folk managed to reach the settlement and stated that their tribe was worried about the situation with Keathut. They were escorted to the small room given to Keathut where he was resting. Satisfied that Keathut was healing, the small band left the settlement, presumably to their own.

Meanwhile in resting, Keathut, who already knew how to speak tidbits of Norse, managed to become fully capable of speaking in Norse as copying the manner in which his physicians spoke was his past time in resting. He was also taught about the Norse gods, and became the first Gamali to read the Reginkunnr Saga with the aid of some of his physicians. He was astounded by the similarities in their beliefs.

He laughingly called Sol, the Norse god of the sun to be their own god of the sun, Kuis and the Norse god of the moon Mani to be their god of the moon, Kewis. He called Loki to be ‘Trickster’ of the Beothuk people who tricked the people into falling into its traps.

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The Trickster and Loki.

They laughed, both the Norsemen and Keathut, back then about this comparison, but soon, some generations down the line, it would be very important.

***

After a few weeks, Keathut was released after having recovered after his bout with disease. He returned to his tribe and later came back to Vinland and Bjarnithorp with his family of one wife and two children and asked permission to settle down in Vinland. This was an unprecedented move, and Keathut and his family became the first Gamali people of the Kingdom of Vinland. Magnus welcomed this as a recognition of the mutual assistance between the Norsemen and the Gamali people.

However despite this, one tribe of Beothuk people in the north of the peninsula had very different ideas. They were very wary of the Vinlandic settlement and the people in Vinland and considered Keathut to be a traitor to the Beothuk Tribes. They sent out a call of aid to go to war against the Vinlanders. None of the other Beothuk tribes on the island were willing to do so. The ones living next to the Vinlandic settlement, even less so. They had seen the technology and martial prowess of the Norsemen and seriously doubted that such a move was good and in the interests of the Beothuk people. Though they did state, they would not impede the travel of the northern Beothuk tribemen’s forces if they crossed over to attack. The north Beothuk accepted this compromise and 40 warriors of one of the northern Beothuk clans attacked the outskirts of Bjarnithorp.

A contingent of around 30 men had been on lookout on the outskirts of the settlement, largely looking out for Caribou and Wolves saw the attacking 40 warriors. They immediately called upon the militia of Vinland and Magnus led his troops into battle riding a small cavalry force against the 40 warriors. Combined with the armored and steel technology of the Norsemen and the horses of the Norsemen, the warriors were routed by the Vinlandic militia. The leader of the Northern Beothuk Tribe was fell in this battle.

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The fight between the Gamali and Vinlandic People.

One of the southern Beothuk tribes who lived on the Nerthus Peninsula took the bodies of the dead warriors on behalf of the northern clans and they quietly passed on a warning that perhaps looking for trouble against the Vinlandic people unless they sought trouble first was not in the interest of any clan. They were very wary about the numbers in the settlement of the Vinlandic people, however as long as they were willing to live in peace, Beothuk tribes were also willing to let them go; well as long as they didn’t do anything against their people. Meanwhile, the mumps disease started to ravage the population. Not on any deadly level, however the disease spread amongst the populace. Bouts of fever, and disease became frequent until the people recovered, however this plague of mumps and fever amongst the populace also stopped any decision of revanchist feelings.

***
 
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Stars will only tell the latitude of one's position, measuring the longitude will require other means the Norse had no access to, either in the form of the lunar distances method, which is based on special lunar tables not published until 1763 by Astronomer Royal Neville Meskelyne or precise marine chronometres unavailable until John Harrison's 1760 H4. Until then dead reckoning was the only method available to determine one's longitude.
Thanks will edit!
 
Moon should be Kewis/Kius with sun being Kuis. Beothuk is a weird language, other than that looks like both they and the Norse are in a decent position for the time being until they merge(?).
 
Moon should be Kewis/Kius with sun being Kuis. Beothuk is a weird language, other than that looks like both they and the Norse are in a decent position for the time being until they merge(?).
Really? Damn. Every single source I have on Beothuk differs a lot. Thanks for the info!
 
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