If the Cuyo region remained Chilean.....

....How it would affect not just the latter-day histories of both Chile and Argentina, but also their cultures and economies?

By the way, the definition of this region in this AHC is composed of Argentinian provinces of Mendoza, Santa Fe and San Luis.
 
How do they keep it? The passes between Chile and Cuyo are shockingly high and narrow while between Argentina and Cuyo it's almost perfectly flat. Taking Cuyo for Argentina would be almost impossibly tempting the first time they got in a fight. I think a war over the territories is likely and will almost certainly end in Argentinian victory.

Assuming Chile somehow keeps it they get a good wine and tourism region and a major territorial point of contention with Argentina to go with Tierra del Fuego. Some mining, some agriculture but overall I don't think it would have a huge impact on either country's economy or culture.
 
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