if, the south refused to secede and remain in the united states. Meaning their representation and power still effects both chambers meaning republicans cant just pass or do what ever they please. Meaning no civil war that the south loses, resulting in northern occupation of the south and able to strongarm and force southern states to pass the 13th and 14th amendments and ratify them. How would the 1860s, 1870s and 1880s, on to the 20th century go, or how do you all think it would go