SHAEF HQ
Here is an assesment of the Battle of the Ardennes as it will be called (not Bulge)as seen from the Allies perspective.
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Date: December 29, 1944
Location: Paris (SHAEF HQ)
Time: 11:00 a.m.
In his office Omar Bradley was receiving a briefing from General Montgomery and General Patton. Both men had been summoned on short notice to Paris to report to Bradley now that the major fighting in the Battle of Belgium as it was now called was dying down. Also at the meeting were military representatives from Antwerp and the USAAF to brief Bradley on the situation at the port and with the Army Air Forces.
“If two words could describe my army at this moment,” began Montgomery, “those two words would be – bloody mess. We finally managed to stop the Panzers but it took all our reserve strength. At present I only have 1 in 4 tanks in my army that are operational. And my men have been fighting for several days straight with hardly any sleep many of them are literally dropping from exhaustion. The casualties are bad and there’s no way to transport them back to the rear areas with the refugee problems we’re facing. We have to treat them with what we have at the front in Antwerp and the hospital supplies there were kindly removed by Jerry before we occupied the place.”
Patton spoke up, “It’s not as bad for my men but almost. In my case the lost tank ratio is about 1 in every 8. That’s still not good. And my men are about on the same level of exhaustion as Monty’s are. Most of them haven’t had a moment to rest for the last several days since this damn offensive started. They simply aren’t ready for another sustained effort."
Bradley turned to another military aide and asked about the refugee problem. “It’s bad sir. The free use of chemical weapons by both the Germans and by us in the latter part of the battle for Antwerp caused many civilians to panic and abandon their homes. We can’t even guess how many civilian casualties there have been because of the gas weapons that were used not only in Antwerp but in Brussels, Luxembourg City and elsewhere. And all the roads in the forward areas are jammed with refugees heading either south or west. I can’t blame them for wanting to get out of there, after all what are we going to tell them ‘Stay in your homes and choke to death?’” The aide realized he had been somewhat blunt in his appraisal and started to apologize only to be stopped by Bradley. “Thanks Colonel, but I need you to speak to me plainly at this point. I need to know what we have to work with at this moment and what our problems are. And right now the civilians are a major problem.”
Bradley turned to another officer, “What about Antwerp is the port still usable?” The officer, a Major General looked at his notes and spoke, “Sir, right now the docks have sustained minor damage from German artillery and from bombs dropped by the USAAF in the final phases of battle. We can have the docks ready in two or three days again. The bigger problem is that many of the main roads into the city are blocked by a combination of refugees still fleeing the city and by rubble from collapsed buildings and burned out vehicles. We’ve already launched a clean up effort to get the city streets clean for the trucks to get back in but it’s going to take time to clear them sir. In addition we need more workers at the dock. Before the offensive we were able to rely on civilian dock workers to supplement our manpower, but with the exodus of refugees out of the city following the battle we just don’t have enough manpower to man the docks.
The USAAF liaison officer was next to report. “Our planes took a heavy beating during that air battle a few days ago General. Since then we haven’t seen hide or hair of the Luftwaffe. We’ve suffered losses but we’re filling gaps as fast as we can. We’re already harassing the Germans all the way back to their starting lines. Frankly sir, I think they’ll be lucky if they have any working tanks by the time they finish their retreat.
The intelligence officer spoke up. “They may not be heading back to their start lines General. Reports we’re getting indicate that a general retreat of all German troops west of the Rhine is in progress. We’ll know more in another twenty four hours.”
General Bradley considered what he had been told and then asked, “In your opinion gentlemen how much has this delayed our plans for a spring offensive?” After several moments of thought and discussion it was Montgomery who gave the answer, “General, assuming we can get the roads open again in a few days and the port of Antwerp working, assuming we can replenish our tanks and manpower reserves, I would say we are looking at a good eight to ten weeks before we will be ready to launch our spring offensive.” Patton jumped in “I make it more like eight weeks, but then I didn’t suffer the casualties Monty did.”
“All right gentlemen, thank you for your assessments,” Bradley said. “Given the refugee situation we can’t really force shell-shocked people to return to their homes and jobs in Antwerp until we know it’s safe. So, I think it’s time we allowed the German POWs we’ve captured to do a little extra work. I am ordering that German POWs captured in the battle are to be assigned to dock work in Antwerp under guard until we have enough of a civilian manpower pool to take over again.” Montgomery whistled, “The German officers are going to be screaming bloody murder that we are violating the Geneva Convention.” Patton responded “Bullc—p! They complain point out who it was who started using chemical weapons in civilian areas in the first place!” Bradley nodded, “I agree General. They have no place to argue given what their own people have done.”
“To summarize gentlemen what you are telling me is that the Germans are retreating eastward to the Rhine where they evidently intend to make a stand on its east bank. Unfortunately given the fact that our two major armies in the area are near exhaustion from stopping the German’s offensive we cannot follow up and pursue them other then to harass them by air and maybe some harassment attacks by Patton’s Third Army. Further, due to the closing of the port of Antwerp because of the attacks and the loss of civilian labor at the ports we have for at least the next week or so lost that port as effectively as if the Germans took it. We should with German POW’s ‘assisting’, be able to bring the port back up and running within a week hopefully but that still means forward troops will have to be supplied by the same ports we used in France after D-Day. That stretches our supply chain. So, given what you gentlemen have told me I do not see us being able to start the spring offensive until mid to late February at the very latest.”
“Not good news,” said Montgomery. “We’ll be dealing with spring rains and muddy roads, just like Clark is in Italy.” “Germany’s roads are somewhat better then Italy’s, thanks to Hitler’s improvement programs,” Bradley reminded Montgomery. “But you’re right we will have to factor uncertain weather into the equation especially with regard to our air power.”
“If that concludes our business then gentlemen, before you go I have something I’d like you to assist me with.” Bradley touched a button on his intercom and asked an aide to bring the items in. Moments later the aide entered with a bottle of French wine and several wine glasses. Montgomery glared for he was a committed teetotaler. Bradley spoke again as the aide filled the wine glasses, one for each person in the room. “Gentlemen we have not had the chance to properly honor the man without whose leadership we would not be in Paris right now. We have been too busy preserving what he was able by that leadership to bring us closer to, namely absolute victory. However, before you return to your duties I would like to ask you to join me in a toast to our fallen comrade and friend.” He paused and asked his aide to invite General Charles DeGaulle to join the group. The General had consulted with Bradley earlier and was asked to remain until after Bradley finished his briefing with Montgomery and Patton. Now DeGaulle entered, at first with the attitude of arrogance and offended sensibility that he had not been allowed to sit in on this meeting then softening as he saw the wine glasses and one was passed to him.
“General DeGaulle, I will brief you on the situation at the front in a few minutes but right now I would ask you sir to join us in a toast to the man without which we would not be back in Paris right now.” General DeGaulle’s features further softened and he said, “Of course General, I would be delighted to join you in that toast.” “Gentlemen,” Bradley said, standing back and looking at a photo portrait of his predecessor. “Here’s to a courageous soldier, a great leader, and a damn fine human being, to General Dwight David Eisenhower.” “To Eisenhower,” intoned the entire group, DeGaulle included. Then all drank, even Montgomery who chose to take the tiniest sip of wine as the others emptied their glasses. And may I prove to be at least half the leader you were Dwight. I miss you my friend, thought Omar Bradley as he quaffed the wine.