A Friendly Conversation
Here is the last update for today.
----------------------------------
Date: November 15, 1944
Location: New York City (Radio City Music Hall)
Time: 5:00 p.m. [EST]
Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia had acted quickly and decisively since his “discussion,” with the general earlier in the day. He was now sitting in a broadcast studio in Radio City Music Hall getting ready to strike back at what he perceived as a betrayal by Washington.
LaGuardia had always considered himself a progressive. He had supported many of President Roosevelt’s New Deal ideas. He had welcomed the President to New York City many times. Now that same President was sending in Army troops to maintain order, and had only contacted the state governor to ask permission after he had given the orders to the local commanders.
Mayor LaGuardia was forced to admit to himself that things had gotten out of hand in Brooklyn. But New York should have been allowed to correct its own problems, not have them corrected by some ham-fisted military leader. After the morning meeting with the General the Mayor had moved quickly on a simple and very direct plan. He would take the matter directly to the people of New York. Once the people of the city understood what was happening they would demand that Washington withdraw the troops and let the NYPD and the city Health Commissioners handle the problem.
The door to the studio abruptly opened and Mayor LaGuardia turned to see the General he had talked to earlier standing there flanked by two armed guards. The following conversation was recorded by the sound technicians on duty in the studio at the time. It was sealed immediately by order of the U.S. Military and not released to the public until June of 1994.
General Hawthorne*: Mister Mayor, I don’t think you want to go through with what you are planning.
Mayor LaGuardia: Isn’t that for me to decide General Hawthorne? The last I heard there’s still something called the Constitution in this country that allows a citizen what’s called freedom of speech. Are you here to take that away from me like the rest of the city?
General Hawthorne: Not at all Mister Mayor. I am simply asking you not to take steps which will result in more unrest and cause more problems for everyone.
Mayor LaGuardia: The main problem I see here General is yourself and Mr. Preston from Washington. You seem bound and determined to turn this city into occupied military territory.
General Hawthorne: Sir, I am here at the request of President Roosevelt to restore order in a city where that order was crumbling. You kept assuring Washington for several days that the situation here in New York was “under control.” From what I saw when I first entered this city sir it was anything but “under control.”
Mayor LaGuardia: I’ll fully admit we made some…no, many mistakes in dealing with this crisis sir. But that is no reason for the Federal government to take away the authority of a lawfully elected Mayor of this city.
General Hawthorne: That was never our intention…
Mayor LaGuardia: That seemed pretty clearly your intention to me this morning sir when you tried to lecture me like a naughty school boy.
General Hawthorne: Sir, it was not my desire to humiliate you but it seemed you were not facing facts. You have a serious outbreak in your city which is a result of the enemy attack on Los Angeles. You were acting in a way that was only creating tension and not dealing with the problems. The riots developed because sick people were being kept like prisoners in their homes to die and not being treated. I already have several testimonies to that effect by people from the Brooklyn area. Do you wish to see them?
Mayor LaGuardia: No… [Pause of 15 seconds]…So, what are your intentions here General, and how did you learn I was planning to broadcast here?
General Hawthorne: Mister Mayor you moved too fast. It was easy for word to get back to me of your plans. As to what my intentions are-if you go ahead with this broadcast I will have to order your arrest on charges of sedition. The broadcast would inflame public opinion at a time when it needs to be calmed. We need to work together to calm the public, not have one arousing them to do something crazy while the other is trying to keep things quiet. Do you want to go down in history as the first Mayor of New York City to stand trial before a military tribunal on charges of sedition?
Mayor LaGuardia: [Another Pause, this time of a full minute] No.
General Hawthorne: Mister Mayor I think we may have started “on the wrong foot,” with each other as it were. I fully recognize your authority in this city as its lawfully elected leader and I am willing to follow any reasonable order you give. But my orders also include maintaining order in this city and ensuring vital war work keeps running. Why don’t we go back to your office and discuss this further?
[Transcript ends] – Released by Freedom of Information Act on June 17, 1994.
General Edward Hawthorne would later be commended for his actions in diffusing a potentially explosive situation. Mayor LaGuardia would still go down in history in the hearts of most New Yorkers as one of the greatest mayors in New York history.