Yes. I could easily see a different WNT allowing ships currently under construction and past a certain point to be completed. Say, anything over 30%. That would let the US finish 4 of the SoDaks (South Dakota, Indiana, North Carolina, Iowa) and two of the Lexingtons (Lexington, Saratoga). I could also see them arguing to be allowed to convert Constellation and Ranger to carriers.
For Japan, they likely complete both Amagi and Akagi as battlecruisers and Tosa and Kaga as battleships. Atago and Takao get selected for conversion to carriers but are subsequently wrecked in the earthquake. Japan would then likely sell an exception to build two dedicated 33,000 ton carriers as they have no other capital ships under construction suitable for conversion (unless you count the Kii class which only had their keels laid).
The UK gets a huge exception to the treaty and is allowed to build all 4 of the G3 battlecruisers with an option to build either two additional G3s to match the USN or two of a new design, but restricted to the treaty limits. Like Japan after the earthquake, they are also allowed to build two new carriers up to 33,000 tons.