All this for an English heir? - A French House of Valois Ascendant TL

Chapter 1: Capture of two Kings
All, I've done a bunch of TL's over the past years that usually focus on the 1750's to 1870's time period due to my interests and knowledge. I've decided to push back to an earlier time for this one.

Note that I am not a history or English major (forgive the "Who or Whom" mistakes), so feel free to correct anything you feel is factually wrong. I also tend to write a quick chapter at work when the boss isn't watching and this often prevents me from a good spelling/grammar check.

As this is historical "fiction", I am not going to be constrained by certain tropes. For example, it is common for any persons after a divergent point to be different from the original TL on the assumption that the same sperm wouldn't hit the same spot at the same time. In order to maintain historical characters, I often ignore this rule on my TL's and will probably do so when I feel appropriate here.


Chapter 1: the Capture of Two Kings

Siege Tournai, northern France

October, 1513


While his men got drunk off their asses and toasted the Queen's incredible victory, the young King Henry VIII of Great Britain, on a few years upon the throne after the long darkness of his father's unlamented reign, fled the command tent into the night.

The handsome and athletic redhead, only twenty-two, had sought glory in France after the nation had stagnated under his parsimonious father's reign. The King's ancestors had spent centuries lamenting the loss of France in the 100 Years War and the alliance forming against France (led by the Pope, the Emperor and the King of Castile) may actually allow Henry VIII to regain at least part of his patrimony. A realist may say the King was actually fighting out of vainglory rather than any true expectation of conquering France from the hands of the aging and heir-less Louis XII. Yes, France was exhausted from the Italian Wars (and the attempt to seize Milan) started by the French monarch as well as the new threat of the religious reformists arising throughout France, the Netherlands and Navarre. But France was the largest and most populous country in Europe. Was it realistic to think the nation could be conquered?

Henry VIII's invasion of France from his stronghold in Calais had come at great expense. His miserly father's enormous fortune had been exhausted within a few years of Henry VIII's ascension by his reckless spending habits and the first few years of war. Without the capability of raising taxes in England beyond the modest traditional methods that reaped only a fraction of what France, Spain, etc collected from their peoples, the young King would soon have to come crawling to Parliament to permit him to raise taxes. It was debated if he HAD to do this. But the King knew damned well the nobles would turn upon him if he did so without permission. Henry was already looking for new sources of money and some whispered he invaded only with the intent of seeking an annual payment from France to maintain the peace. With a population of five times that of Britain and able to collect far higher taxes per capita, the King of France could afford it, at least in Henry's eyes.

Initially, the war had gone well enough. With French armies required in Italy and near the border of Spain, the English force maintained the ascendancy in northeastern France. Henry had sacked a few walled cities, though at great expense. He certainly hadn't made a profit yet, that was to be sure.

But at least he had found glory at the Battle of the Spurs. During the siege of Tournai, his forces had put the French to flight. Several thousand French killed to only a few hundred (if that) English losses. He sent back a message to his beautiful blonde wife, Catherine of Aragon, whom he left as regent. Naturally, his wife sent waves of congratulations. Then she sent word that, only a month later, she had crushed the Scots in Northumbria, devastating their army...and taking the King of Scotland as a prisoner.

The accomplishment left the King with the feeling his great battle of the Spurs was nothing more than a mere skirmish in a losing war. The Scots, old allies of the French, had taken advantage of the King's absence and invaded northern England, winning several victories, sacking towns and cities, and threatening his kingdom. Henry wished he had returned immediately to deal with the situation himself. Then he would not hear whispered jokes that the Queen should command the army rather than he.

Eventually, the King began to see that another year's campaign would be impossible to sustain without massive increases in taxation or loans (with no conceivable way to pay back). Henry began to wish the King of France would quietly negotiate his return to Calais and London, perhaps with enough gold to pay for his Pyric "Victories" which had bankrupted him without causing significant harm to the French. French forces had been pushed out of Italy and were now available to march on Henry in force. The young King sought glory and only found himself the butt of jokes and resentment at the expenses of war.

Henry decided to go for a ride. A handful of courtiers followed silently, sensing his mood. What would Henry do with his brother-in-law, James IV of Scotland. His sister Margaret was presumably regent in James' absence. Maybe he could negotiate his way out of France and then negotiate a ransom from Margaret? Catherine had written that she seriously considered beheading the King and sending it to her husband but even Henry was shocked at that suggestion.

The King rode through the night, believing himself safe, unaware that the French cavalry was in the midst of a winter raid towards the British camps. Too late, the King realized he was surrounded by French riders, whom seemed even more shocked than he. Trying to draw his sword, the King was dragged from his saddle and thrown to the ground, injuring his shoulder on the near frozen soil. His adjutants were killed or captured as well.

It would be morning before the English camp would realize their King was missing. A French officer, later the next day, would ride forward with news that Henry VIII of England was now an honored guest of Louis XII.
 
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Looking forward to seeing where this is going. A few things to point out. John Calvin was born in 1509. Martin Luther himself wouldn't write his Ninety-Five Theses until 1517. If you're looking for a French proto-Protestant/Lutheran, I'd suggest this guy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lefèvre_d'Étaples. IOTL, he was a contemporary of Desiderius Erasmus and the teacher of John Calvin and William Farrel, one of the leaders of the Swiss Reformation.

But I'm not an expert on Protestantism, and this is your TL.
 
Chapter 2: The Queens make peace
Chapter 2: the Queens make peace

December, 1513

Rome


With the capture of King Henry VIII of England, King Louis XII felt free to dispatch more troops to reestablish his claim on Milan.

Pope Leo X resented his predecessor's incompetence which allowed the situation in Italy to deteriorate. Initially, Pope Julius had formed a coalition against the ascending power of Venice. All the great powers joined and effectively reduced Venice as a force. However, the French presence in Italy had allowed Louis XII to claim Milan, kicking off a new round of wars. The Vatican was forced to ally with Venice to prevent this. Soon, all the powers of Europe were involved: the Holy Roman Empire, England and Spain. What the Papacy had hoped would be a war to prevent a greater conflict only ensured the division of Christianity.

When France (and their Navarrese and Scottish allies) opposed the Church, the monarchs were excommunicated. This was not seen as a threat as naturally they would be welcomed back to the church. In the end, Spain only was involved for their personal conquests as was the Holy Roman Emperor. France maintained a hold on Milan and the papacy had divided Western Europe. It was a disaster of epic proportions.

Now, the British threatened to abandon the war as well. As fresh troops entered Italy, Pope Leo X wondered when it would all end.

Edinburgh

Queen Margaret of Scotland (born Princess Margaret of England and sister to the English King) liked her sister-in-law, Catherine, well enough. They knew one another from years ago when Catherine was married to her eldest brother, the dead Prince of Wales, Arthur. A beautiful and intelligent Princess of Spain, Catherine of Aragon was a good match with Henry.

Margaret had not wanted to go to Scotland. When she was left as Regent in Edinburgh, much of the Scottish gentry openly questioned her loyalty. She had, in her mind, done her husband proud. Indeed, with Scotland facing ever more of this Protestant nonsense, the Queen desired her husband home....NOW.....to help deal with it. If she'd been asked, she would have recommended her husband avoid war altogether and throttle these uppity nobles whom were using the reform to the church (something only beginning) as a justification for treason.

And they whispered of treason about HER???!!!

Margaret communicated with her sister-in-law inquiring how the situation may be resolved. Catherine replied that no such bargain could be made without her husband (Margaret's younger brother) similarly receiving his freedom. Catherine and Margaret would spend the next two years working with the King of France to resolve the situation. Louis XII, on the other hand, wouldn't give a damn about what Scotland and England wanted. He was busy reconquering Milan and attempting to reconquer, for his ally (Catherine and John of Navarre), the southern portion of Navarre from Spain.

Louis cannily promised to release Henry upon the King of Spain's (and father of Queen Catherine of England) withdrawal from Navarre. King Ferdinand II loved his daughter...but not that much. He would not give up valuable territory in favor of his son-in-law's freedom. It wasn't as if Louis XII was likely to murder the English King, anyway. That would not be chivalrous. Ferdinand made up a number of accusations of heresy against the reformist (the Calvinist movement would stem from these feelings) leanings of Navarre and defended his gains against French assaults.

Catherine then pressed the Pope to help end the conflict but Leo was not willing to concede Milan to France. The Holy Roman Emperor, Venice and Swiss mercenaries hired by Rome would make another attempt to evict France from Milan. King Henry VIII and King James IV would have to wait a while even as their wives demanded their freedom. Months would turn into years as France and Spain stalled for time.

Soon enough, the growth of reformists (later Lutherans) in the Empire would spur the Pope and the Holy Roman Empire to reconsider this, as did the eventual growth of Calvinism in France. Only Spain seemed immune from the impending storm.

Years later, many would point to the economic waste of these Italian Wars to be a central factor in the rise of Protestantism throughout Europe.
 
Looking forward to seeing where this is going. A few things to point out. John Calvin was born in 1509. Martin Luther himself wouldn't write his Ninety-Five Theses until 1517. If you're looking for a French proto-Protestant/Lutheran, I'd suggest this guy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lefèvre_d'Étaples. IOTL, he was a contemporary of Desiderius Erasmus and the teacher of John Calvin and William Farrel, one of the leaders of the Swiss Reformation.

But I'm not an expert on Protestantism, and this is your TL.
Thanks, I think I had my dates wrong. I'll change it to "reformed".
 
You know if this situation drags out a bit, and Henry VIII suffers an earlier death than RL, Catherine of Aragon could just take the English throne herself. She does have a blood-claim on it, and if she earns the trust of the government and nobility it wouldn't be difficult for a document to surface, naming her the heir if anything went wrong.
 
Chapter 3: Pregnant Peace, Simmering Resentment
Chapter 3: Pregnant Peace, Homecoming, Simmering Resentment

June, 1515

London


After a year and a half of genteel imprisonment in which the young King was treated as a distinguished guest under the supervision of Francis, the heir and nephew of King Louis XII, Henry XIII returned home. The War in Italy dragged on, causing peace negotiations to fail or be postponed. The death of King Louis threw things into the air as the young King Francis. Unlike his uncle (and father-in-law as he married the King's eldest daughter), King Francis of France (and Brittany) would be happy to end any source of conflict with England if possible and quickly agreed to a peace treaty. The two Kings were of similar age (Francis was 3 years younger) and temperament. Francis desired martial glory and conquest and felt unlikely to do this if he was at war with England, Spain and the Holy Roman Empire at once. Far better to make a peace with the party that threatened him the least and possessed little that he wanted.

King Louis had demanded the return of Calais as (partial) payment for Henry's ransom. Neither Catherine nor Henry would accept this as it meant giving up any pretense of rights to the French crown. Francis looked at it another way. He realized Henry's financial status was shaky, his sources of revenue sparse. And English occupation of Calais took up a huge portion of the nation's defense budget. Honesty, possessing Calais crippled English ambitions rather than helped them.

King Francis reduced his demands to one: the release of the King of Scotland. Both Henry and Catherine accepted and Francis, full of chivalry, took the English monarch at his word. Henry, whom viewed himself a Knightly man, promptly freed his brother-in-law (after a short negotiation of the peace at the ante-bellum, something James IV agreed to immediately). After a few weeks of feting the King of England's return, the Scottish monarch was escorted home where Queen Margaret waited.

Though the Scottish and English Queens had formed a type of distant friendship and the two nations would not conflict anytime soon, that did not mean anyone was happy. However, the greatest resentment of James IV and Henry VIII was aimed at their so-called "allies".

James had, despite the threat and eventual excommunication by the late Pope, stood by his ally and joined the war against England. When he was captured, King Louis had done nothing to aid in his release. This would never be forgotten.

Similarly, Henry VIII, a man who possessed a very, very, VERY long memory, would not forget or forgive Rome for doing nothing to facilitate his own release and vowed never again to lift a finger to assist the Vatican. Even Pope Leo's, realizing the depth of King Henry's rage, attempt to placate the faithful young man with the title of "Most Christian King" did little to nothing to bring Henry VIII back to the church. Despite entreaties to take up the war against the French once more, Henry flatly refused, souring the relationship with the new Pope.

What few people understood was the House of Tudor was hardly the most...legitimate... in Europe. Henry's great-grandfather had been, of all things, a chamberlain of the dowager Queen. His ancestor through which his house made their claim had been a bastard, only legitimized on the understanding they would be removed from the succession. Indeed, much of Europe was shocked how such a weak claimant as Henry VII had ascended to the English throne...and kept it.

But the Tudors, thus far, had no other male heirs beyond Henry VIII himself. Several sons had died in infancy, including one Catherine had delivered shortly after the battle of Flodden (as the Scottish defeat was called). Still, the couple was young. There were high hopes of producing heirs. But Henry knew that his death without an heir may signal the end of his family line. His sister Margaret was next in line and was not exactly popular given she was the Queen of Scotland. Her son was next in line for the throne and, after the bloody invasion, no one was excited about this. Henry knew there were many of his own subjects, not to mention the crown of France, whom possessed rightful claims to his throne and felt his entire line were illegitimate.

Even if Henry accepted his sister or nephew to be his heir, would they even make it to England?

Henry required an heir and required one soon. Catherine was as beautiful as ever and Henry happily returned to her bed. He opted against telling her about the French women provided by Francis, whom was now King of France. Indeed, he left a bastard daughter there (having been delivered a few weeks after he returned home) that King Francis kindly handed over to a minor noble family to raise.

England was out of the fight and the rest of Europe would soon come to terms. France kept Milan, after over a decade of War. King Ferdinand would die within a year and his teenaged Grandson Charles would rule over one of the greatest and most diverse Empires in European history. Charles, another young ruler, would soon develop a rivalry with King Francis which would spill over to the Ottoman invasion of Hungary.

And most of all, Henry VIII would stew upon his failures, his humiliations and the omnipresent threat to his own throne. And the fact that his wife was considerably more popular than he.
 
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Chapter 4: an Uncertain Future
Chapter 4: an Uncertain Future

1526

London


King Henry VIII was getting increasingly desperate. HIs wife was now in her late-thirties and had yet to provide a suitable heir. Only his daughter Mary lived. While he doted on the girl, Henry simply could not see how a woman could control a great nation. Granted, both Catherine and his sister Margaret commanded nations for short times in the previous war but no one desired a female monarch, at least not one whose dynastic claims to their throne as so weak. Henry needed a son and he grew tired of constantly fearing a coup or an uprising.

A normally pious Catholic, the Theologian in Henry warred with the resentment towards the Papacy for his ill-treatment in the war against France a decade prior. When Pope Leo X and later Clement VII demanded that all Christian nations turn against France again (for fear of the French domination of northwestern Italy), Henry steadfastly refused. Like previous Popes, Leo X threatened excommunication, turning the stubborn Henry even further away from the Church.

Henry began to see the Church as a drain his exhausted financial resources. 1/5th the land of Britain was owned by the Church and Henry was expected to remit taxes every year to Rome. When Henry balked, or was late, the Pope would officiously threaten excommunication and, once, even hinted he may transfer the fief of Ireland (which only a tiny portion was actually controlled by Britain) to another party, one more loyal, like Charles of Spain. Over the years, the Papacy would start to view Charles as a greater threat than Francis and effectively switch sides, disgusting Henry. Leo and later Clement would, of course, demand that Henry side WITH Francis against Charles!

Though he desired martial glory and still remained humiliated that his expensive (ruinous to his finances) campaign in France had resulted in his capture, the sullen King withdrew from Europe, desiring mainly to settle his own dynastic matters. With his eye still on a son, the King reviewed scripture and realized his marriage to the probably now barren Catherine was illegal based upon an obscure biblical comment about marrying your brother's wife. Seeing no reason why the Pope would deny him, the King (politely) demanded a divorce from the Pope.

What Henry did not realize was that the shifting politics of Europe were pushing the Papacy back towards Charles, King of Spain, the Netherland and Holy Roman Emperor. Suleiman of the Ottoman Empire had taken advantage of the chaos in Catholic Europe by invading Hungary, led by the inexperienced boy-King Louis II, only twenty years old. While France, the Rome and the Emperor circled one another like cats, the threat was enough for a formal peace to be signed and the three powers agreeing to form a coalition to aid Hungary. Venice, Poland and other states assisted and raised an army of 80,000 experienced soldiers. At the Battle of Mohacs, King Louis II (nominal leader of the coalition) defeated the Turks, killing the great Ottoman leader Suleiman, driving the enemy back. The Catholics chased the Muslim invaders all the way to Belgrade, which fell after a siege.

Unfortunately, the coalition soon fell apart and the King of Bohemia and Hungary lost most of his allies. Still, the Ottoman was pushed back hundreds of miles into the Balkans, chaos reigning in Istanbul.

Needing to keep Emperor Charles (of Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, etc) on his side in order to provide a counterpoint to Francis, the Pope refused Henry's request for divorce from the Emperor's niece. Stunned by the refusal, King Henry appealed directly to Rome again. Instead, the Pope replied with more threats of excommunication and the loss of Ireland. Growing ever more furious, King Henry started to reconsider the reformist movements of Europe despite his previous statements repudiating Martin Luther and other Catholic reformers. When the Pope heard of this, he impulsively withdrew the honorary title of "Most Christian King" which had been granted a decade prior to Henry, utterly insulting the already infuriated King further. He also pompously informed the English King that no consideration of a divorce would be forthcoming until Henry returned to "proper obedience", referring to Henry's abject refusal to dispatch money and/or troops to assist the "Christian Crusade" in Hungary and Belgrade. Deeming Henry an impoverished leader of a remote Christian country, the Pope did not see any long term damage to be likely. Henry was already into his mid-thirties and probably would only live another decade or two. Rome could forge a new relationship with his successor.

For the first time, Henry truly considered a break with Rome.
 
Gotta admit, when I first saw the title, I was thinking Hundred Years War POD, but it remains to be seen, with Anne Boleyn remaining suspiciously absent, what or how Henry's going forward with this. Looking forward to more
 
Oh my! The butterflies flight high! Firstly James is alive, next France kept Milan, then Suleiman die at Mohach not Louis.... and Francis have not lost at Pavia so his sons will not go into hostage in those cold and filthy Spanish dungeons...
Have I forget something?
Great! I will folow it!
 
Chapter 4: an Uncertain Future

1526

London




Needing to keep Emperor Charles (of Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, etc) on his side in order to provide a counterpoint to Francis, the Pope refused Henry's request for divorce from the Emperor's niece. Stunned by the refusal, King Henry appealed directly to Rome again. Instead, the Pope replied with more threats of excommunication and the loss of Ireland. Growing ever more furious, King Henry started to reconsider the reformist movements of Europe despite his previous statements repudiating Martin Luther and other Catholic reformers. When the Pope heard of this, he impulsively withdrew the honorary title of "Most Christian King" which had been granted a decade prior to Henry, utterly insulting the already infuriated King further. He also pompously informed the English King that no consideration of a divorce would be forthcoming until Henry returned to "proper obedience", referring to Henry's abject refusal to dispatch money and/or troops to assist the "Christian Crusade" in Hungary and Belgrade. Deeming Henry an impoverished leader of a remote Christian country, the Pope did not see any long term damage to be likely. Henry was already into his mid-thirties and probably would only live another decade or two. Rome could forge a new relationship with his successor.

For the first time, Henry truly considered a break with Rome.
So the Pope granted the Title of Most Christian King to Henty in this timeline while Otl one of the Pope flirted with the idea and drafted a papal Brief to Transfer the Title From Louis XII to Henry but the brief was never Issued.
 
Chapter 5: A clean Break
Chapter 5: A Clean Break

1531

London


With his increasingly strident demands for divorce obviously ignored by the suddenly confident Vatican (which viewed the defeat of the Ottoman at Mohacs to be a triumph of God), the King read the national mood from 1526 to 1530 and decided to make a break. In 1530, he declared himself the head of the British Catholic Church and gave himself a divorce. The nation's gentry longed for a reduction in church taxation and the promise of obtaining the rich lands of the church. Henry ordered his new creature, Thomas Cromwell (ironically once a made man of Henry's former favorite, Cardinal Wolsey) to confiscate the church lands and ordered them sold off to the highest bidder (or given to favorites). This brought the King's finances back into some semblance of order.

Cromwell cunningly manipulated Parliament into granting approval of the King's conduct. Indeed, many would profit by the arrangement as did a large number of the merchant class whom were able to purchase lands for the first time, forming a new tier of landed gentry.

Henry declared his first marriage to Catherine annulled and married his long-time mistress, Bessie Blount. Years ago, he had almost arranged a marriage for the mother of his son but changed his mind. Catherine was getting older and fatter and, even before he had given up on an heir by her, desired a younger and prettier woman in his bed. Bessie was as good a candidate as any. Few to no foreign monarchs would consider his divorce legal and would hardly provide a bounty of princesses from which the aging King would choose. Now forty, the King knew that life was slipping away despite his continued good health. As Bessie had provided three sons to him already, he set upon marrying her and, by act of Parliament, legitimizing his previous sons. It helped that Bessie was pregnant again and he wanted his next son to be born legitimate (it would turn out to be another daughter). By bribery and threats, the King got his way, as he usually did.

Henry Fitzroy was named Prince of Wales and his younger sons given Dukedoms.

Of course, he was to face resistance, not least of which from his ex-wife and his daughter, the Bastard Mary (as she was called by the King's supporters). Some subjects suggested he King deport them as neither accepted his commands to abandon Catholicism. But the King balked, fearing Mary may someday be used as a tool for some foreign King to assume the English throne. And if Mary stayed, so would her mother in order to better support her daughter's legitimacy and claim to the throne. Henry, in an act of cruelty, ordered the two separated.

It went without saying that the Vatican viewed this "English Catholic Church" to be a sham. However, this was not as uncommon an occurrence as one might expect. The battle between church and state had been waging since the foundation of Christianity. At various times, one or the other would ascend. Every monarch desired to maintain the tribute payments normally sent to Rome and looked on covetously at the wealth of church lands. Sometimes the monarchs would gain rights from the church, like the power to appoint all Bishops (an excellent source of patronage power, not to mention wealth), while others broke under the fear of excommunication.

Henry would not be one to break.

While concern for the King's soul remained the purview of the shattered Queen Catherine, the people of England would be more concerned with the ruthless appropriation of church lands. Yes, there was a great deal of corruption on the church lands. But not all priests and nuns were corrupt. They provided vital services in providing alms to the poor, food to the hungry, educating the nation's bureaucrats, caring for the sick and injured, etc. Henry intended to take over these roles himself. However, only on few occasions were the services truly replaced. Hundreds of thousands of people, once dependent upon the church, watched as their priests were arrested or exiled. The lands were sold to the ascending merchant classes (creating a new source of friction with the old aristocracy) and the poor evicted.

Still, there was surprisingly little violence throughout the land. Henry had considered this break for years and set the groundwork with the upper classes which controlled Parliament. These people saw very little changes in their lives. The bishops were all selected by Henry (the King had a say in these anyway as did most Kings), tribute currency did not leave the country (which helped the balance of payment) and they found more economic opportunity. They seldom called upon the church for assistance and could afford doctors to care for their sick.

Impoverished country peasants, on the other hand, whom were dependent upon the church for their faith and their lives, would not forgive.

Rome

Adrian IV had reined for only a year 1521. A Dutchman, he was a rarity in the Vatican. He was replaced by a Medici, Clement VII, who realized that the perception (often accurate) of corruption in the church was causing all this dissatisfaction. He initiated reforms but the Catholic Church was not a monolithic organization as some believed. It was a remarkably complex international system that was almost impossible to control. Still, Clement would issued bulls and edicts to demand audits and investigations of suspected inefficient abbeys and assorted church institutions. While his efforts were honorable, there was only so much he could do and the rise of reformers like Luther and Zwingli continued over the next few decades (Calvin, Knox, etc). It didn't help that the Pope was...generous...with his Medici relatives in Rome.

While not a violent man, Clement had no choice but to support his predecessor's oppression of these reformers even as he admitted they had a point. Zwingli was even more radical than Luther and there were worse to come.

As for Henry VIII, the Pope took a surprisingly mild tone at first. He took his time communicating with Henry, hoping the problem would solve itself as these things often did.

Clement had other things to worry about. The great victory at Mohacs proved what the Christian world could do if they joined together. It even offered the Italian the ability to dream of uniting all of Europe to reclaim Constantinople, even Jerusalem. Clement was in good health, he may accomplish much in his life.

Unfortunately, the crowned heads of Europe stood opposed. Emperor Charles and King Francis were, only with great Papal exertions, were prevented from war upon one another. Rivals over the title of Emperor, Charles of Spain/the Netherlands, Austria won the Imperial election and Francis would never forgive this. The French King spent much of the past decade consolidating his power in France, crushing dissidents, powerful semi-autonomous lords, etc. Francis was in a good financial position for the next war. The Emperor, on the other hand, spent huge amounts of tax money and New World gold on his campaigns. The initial burst of gold stolen from the American kingdoms had been spent and the Spaniards were just now starting to build functioning colonies to govern the metal-rich mining territories.

Clement feared that the two powers were destined to war over one damn thing or another despite the futility and expense of such campaigns. Instead, the Pope encouraged them to concentrate on these reformist apostates spreading like a plague throughout Europe, crushing the Ottoman and, eventually, turning on Henry VIII when the King of England crossed a line the Papacy could not allow him to cross.

However, neither France nor Spain had any particular thing to gain by a war with the island nation.

Clement realized he needed something to keep Francis and Charles from warring upon one another. Reading through his old correspondence with Henry VIII, he came upon an old empty threat. With luck, that would be enough to keep King Francis of France from upsetting the European mainland with war.

If Henry VIII wanted to play rough, so be it. The English King did not have a friend in the world outside of his own realms (and only so many within).


Edinburgh

King James IV was getting too old for these games. However, his English-born wife was getting on his nerves and, for once, he understood why. Margaret's younger brother, King Henry VIII of Britain, had just declared his own marriage invalid, insulting a wife whom Margaret had liked and respected. Mary, now a teenager, was declared a bastard. Margaret had hoped for a dynastic marriage between her eldest surviving son, James, and Mary which would unite the Kingdoms. Or at least guarantee the peace. She led the "English Party" in Scotland.

On the surface, Mary's bastardization was fine. Margaret was next in line for the English throne after her brother. Even if England didn't want a Queen, Margaret and James had four sons (James and three others, Harold, William and Angus, the latter three born after her husband's release from English custody). She would abdicate her rights to the Englis crown if one of her boys would be guaranteed the throne.

If the British didn't want a union of the crowns, that was fine too. She would send one to London and keep the others in Edinburgh.

Then Henry married his god-damned mistress, putting his three bastards in line for the throne by retroactively legitimizing them??!!!

Margaret was furious. She had long sought good relations between her husband and her brother and the Queen of Scotland took this as a stab in the back. The woman nagged her husband to the point that he could not stand the sight of her.

What did Margaret expect him to do? Invade England? He had done that at a time when most of England's forces were fighting in France. It had not ended well.

No, there was nothing James IV would do. Not at the moment anyway.

Domestically, James had his own problems. While not exactly well-disposed to Rome after his temporary excommunication, the new Pope had spent years attempting to repair relations. More importantly, James IV knew the usefulness of the Catholic Church in maintaining order in his lands. When King Henry VIII's minions started sending Reformist literature north to Scotland, James became every bit as livid as his wife at the English King.

James IV would quickly stamp down on religious dissent, though not an especially pious man himself. This was an affair of state and Henry was picking a fight, in James' mind, for no reason whatsoever.
 
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So the Pope granted the Title of Most Christian King to Henty in this timeline while Otl one of the Pope flirted with the idea and drafted a papal Brief to Transfer the Title From Louis XII to Henry but the brief was never Issued.

Yeah, I recently read this and decidedly to add it to my TL.
 
Oh my! The butterflies flight high! Firstly James is alive, next France kept Milan, then Suleiman die at Mohach not Louis.... and Francis have not lost at Pavia so his sons will not go into hostage in those cold and filthy Spanish dungeons...
Have I forget something?
Great! I will folow it!

No sack of Rome? I'm having Clement VII's control of the Vatican as being more influential than OTL because of this.
 
Gotta admit, when I first saw the title, I was thinking Hundred Years War POD, but it remains to be seen, with Anne Boleyn remaining suspiciously absent, what or how Henry's going forward with this. Looking forward to more

I will probably have a blurb about Anne Boleyn later but she married her longtime paramour.
 
Chapter 6: Two Mary's
Chapter 6: Two Mary's

1533

Northern England


Former Princess Mary of England naturally loathed her father. Since divorcing her mother and declaring her a bastard, Mary had been shunted to the side and had barely seen her father in years.

Now, the King had determined that all priests that practiced the old rites were banned from England, particularly those whom ministered to his "Bastard" daughter. Mary steadfastly refused to give up her mother's faith.

It was unwise to refuse King Henry VIII anything. Embarrassed that his exiled offspring would refuse a Royal Command, he threatened to have her arrested and sent to the tower. That was after he hanged her confessor. Terrified and knowing that she no longer held any favor in his father's heart now that he had three "legitimate" sons, Mary was pressed to comply.

Fearing for her life, the young princess panicked and fled. She told her staff that she was riding to the coast to find passage to the continent and sanctuary with her cousin the Emperor. In truth, Mary headed north towards the ramshackle mansion housing her mother's court.

Queen Catherine, in poor health, realized her daughter's error in judgement. Her father would not forgive. The Queen advised her daughter to ride immediately for the closest and surest safe harbor. In this case, it was Scotland. With a handful of retainers, the Princess slipped across the border within two days and made for Edinburgh, hoping to find sanctuary with her Aunt Margaret.

There she would meet her cousin, Prince James, the heir to Scotland's throne. Neither would care much of the other. James was already something of a lothario and his fiancee, Mary of Lorraine, the granddaughter of an obscure Imperial Duke and daughter of a French courtier (a younger son of the Duke whom was in French service and was a favorite of King Francis), was soon to depart Paris to become James' wife. While the heir to a Kingdom normally merited a princess of a higher rank, James IV's poor relations with France at the moment prevented a marriage with a French princess of the blood.

When Mary Tudor arrived, the Queen of Scotland immediately saw the potential. As the "rightful heiress", this would only strengthen her family claim to the British throne. Henry's reign was still hardly secure as far too many British were irate at his actions. It was more than possible that he may be overthrown even without foreign influence (Scotland, France, the Empire, the Vatican, take your pick).

James IV hesitantly complied. He didn't like the idea of war but was infuriated by Henry's interference in his Kingdom after years of peace. Not a religious man, James had been forced to remove Royal Favor from nobles whom supported the reforms. As a man resentful of the Vatican, he did not like playing the tool of the church. Still, this was a threat to his reign and would not tolerate it. He allowed his wife to get him to cancel the marriage to Mary of Lorraine and the "rightful heiress" to Britain became the wife of the rightful heir to Scotland.

If Margaret and James' actions were intended to infuriate Henry, it worked. Indeed, the King was apoplectic. Now a challenger appeared to his power. Henry promptly arrested his ex-wife, bringing sympathy for the popular "ex" Queen among the people and would eventually bring condemnation from the crowned heads of Europe. Eventually, Henry would choose to exile his ex-wife back to Spain, where she agitated on behalf of her daughter to her nephew the King-Emperor. Catherine would also visit King Francis in Paris and, finally, the Vatican in 1534.

There she learned that Pope Clement, after years of quiet negotiations in hopes of repairing the ruptured relationship between the Church and the King of England, finally gave up and followed through on the threats of his predecessor.

Clement knew that war between Emperor Charles and King Francis was inevitable if something wasn't done. He could not bear the thought of the catholic world at war once again while apostates and infidels plotted against the Church.

Therefore, Clement VII formally withdrew the fief of the Kingdom of Ireland from Henry VIII (by this point, this was considered by practice effectively by rights his property) and declared any supporter of Henry VIII in Ireland (still overwhelmingly Catholic) to be excommunicated. In truth, the House of Tudor had never controlled more than a bit of Ireland called the "Pale". The rest was controlled by local lords.

Clement formally invested King Francis of France as the new King of Ireland.

Meanwhile, in Scotland, Margaret would witness her son's sullen marriage to his short, red-headed cousin with tears in her eyes. Then Margaret died of a fever two weeks later.

Mary of Lorraine showed up a week after that to find her intended already married. Humiliated, the teenager prepared to return home when the King, fearful of insulted Lorraine and France, offered his own hand in marriage to the tall and attractive girl. While her children would never ascend to the throne, she would be Queen. Her father in Paris agreed, resentfully, but agreed. After a short period of mourning for the late Queen, James married Mary of Lorraine four months later.

His son, seeing his potential bride, grew resentful as he obviously would have preferred her to Mary Tudor.

But these things happen.
 
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This is probably a bit nitpicky, but I think I should point it out: In regards to James IV and Margaret's children, William is fine (both England and Scotland had had at least one King with that name by 16th century), but I doubt they would have used names like "Harold" and "Angus". Especially the former at a time when the Anglo-Saxons were probably still not highly thought of. Popular Stewart boys names that could be used (and IOTL did use) include Arthur, Alexander, Andrew, John, Robert, David, Walter and Thomas.
 
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