Before or after they were killed off by the thousands from smallpox? You need a POD the gives the aboriginals a better immunity to European disease.
I meant the North American natives.Cortez's expedition fails miserably. A second one also fails miserably, and the Spanish decide it's better just to trade with the Natives. With more time to reocover from the small pox epidemic, the natives are ready to fend off any european colonization attempts if they come.
I don't know if that is ASB or not though.
Natives push the Europeans out. The later the POD, the better.
There is always the whole "a few pre-Columbia Old World traders and explorers land in America" method. Just enough to interact and put European disease on the continent, but few enough so that they are forgotten and history goes along as it did.
I meant the North American natives.
What about an earlier interaction between Native Americans and Viking traders? Even if the Vikings do not settle in the New World, the Native American tribes could acquire some bits of Viking tech.
Perhaps through sheer luck on the part of the Pequot and lack of Native Americans fighting on the side of the New Englander colonists, perhaps the Pequot could drive out the English from Massachusetts and keep it free from European colonists. Maybe. If only for a few decades....but even then it's only buying them a small bit of time and there's still the matter of many Native Americans dying off due to disease.
The Cold War goes nuclear. Almost everyone in North-America dies immediately, a few people attempt to survive in the nuclear wasteland. Someone with native american ancestry happens survive the longest.
If the native americans have to be personally responsible for driving the Europeans out you should have a European survive with the native american for a while. Eventually they get into a fight and the native american wins.
Without a POD thousands of years ago they simply cannot. By the time that Columbus sailed west, the native americans were basically doomed to suffer near extinction at the hands of the Europeans. There were geo political, biological and social forces at work that couldn't really be stopped.
What about a religious group in the 1600s that goes to live with and mix with a native tribe, adopting their culture and lifestyle. But the Christian religion buys them some time with the settlers. While they end up bringing some technology as well.
This tribe mixes with other tribes and becomes more native again but immunities and weapons are spread. Several decades afterward a Tecumseh-like character confederates the tribes and attacks the European colonies one by one. He may be more successful if the Eastern Seaboard is still split between several powers.
Europeans probably recolonize, but the initial conquest provides some extra horses and guns, giving the tribe an advantage for further raids. They can attack the colonies one by one, though the confederacy probably ends up dissolving.
This.
It is possible for an organized Native Confederacy to drive a settlement or even colony into the sea, but it would only be a bried reprieve. Demographics, technology, and disease (among other things) were working against them.
Also, it should be noted that disease usually adversly affected native political cohesion.