46. Jon Huntsman (Republican), 2013-2021
As the nation entered 2012, much was being written about the future of the Republican Party and their long-term viability. The year would mark the twentieth anniversary of the 1992 election that cost the Republicans the White House, and they had been unable to win it back since. 1996 could have returned them to the White House, but nominating Bob Dole had not been their best decision; 2004 could have brought the party back, but Jeb Bush missed on an open net; and worst of all, 2008 should have been there’s for the taking, particularly with one of the most personally popular presidential candidate in years in the form of Richard Petty, but even then the party had been consigned to defeat. If they could not when then, when they had so many things going in their favour, could they even win at all? Or was the party doomed to opposition indefinitely? 2012 would answer these questions, and with an unpopular Democratic President term-limited out of office optimistic albeit anxious Republicans would once again set their sights on the White House.
The Republicans certainly had a lot of options. Steve Largent, John Ensign, and Gale Norton, veterans of the 2008 campaign, hoped that the second time would be the charm; Florida Governor Charlie Crist pitched himself as a moderate conservative with a strong record to show for it, but his obvious and immediate ambition for higher office had rubbed some the wrong way (famously, Crist had begun pitching himself as a candidate for national office within days of first winning the governorship); Texas Senator Carly Fiorina pitched herself as a maverick outsider with a strong private sector background; Utah Governor Jon Huntsman ran as a fiscal conservative and foreign policy moderate, and would point to his overwhelming approval ratings back home; and South Dakota’s John Thune put his name forward as a reliable conservative with youth and good looks on his side. His third-place finish in 2008 making him the early frontrunner, Largent would start the campaign as the candidate to beat, but with that status would come intense scrutiny. Critics would point to his unabashed Christian conservatism to label him too risky to nominate, while others would point to questions concerning Largent’s record as Governor and his 2009 ethics reprimand for using state resources in his 2008 campaign. With his polls dropping and never quite managing to bounce back, Largent would withdraw after Super Tuesday. Ensign would briefly emerge as the campaign’s frontrunner before an infidelity scandal forced his withdrawal, while Norton would similarly see her brief time in the lead halted for less sordid reasons, gaffes leading to concerns about her viability as a national candidate and her fundraising soon drying up. Instead, two candidates would rise to the top, Fiorina and Huntsman, both pitching themselves as a new type of Republican who would be able to return the party to power after far too long in the wilderness. Running as a bit of a foreign policy hawk and a bit of a social conservative but more than anything else as an outsider with proven experience in the private sector, Fiorina, the former CEO of AT&T and a first term member of the Senate since being elected to fill Tom DeLay’s seat in 2009, would attempt to position herself as the candidate best suited to fix the country’s weakened economy. Fiorina’s pitch was not without its weaknesses; some conservatives questioned how committed she was to their cause, while critics would contend her that her time in the private sector was not the success Fiorina portrayed it as. Still, Fiorina polled well, most Republicans looked at her private sector career and generally liked what they saw, and it was clear the party was looking for an outsider. They just happened to choose a different outsider than Fiorina.
Jon Huntsman had an impressive resume for a Republican primary. The scion of a prominent Republican family, Huntsman had served as Ambassador to Singapore under Bush (and, briefly, Perot) before returning to the private sector. In 1999, Huntsman would rise to greater prominence after being named President and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee, tasked with rescuing the 2002 Winter Olympics amid a fiscal crisis and bribery scandal. Succeeding in his efforts and heralded as the savior of the games (hyperbolic, sure, but the image stuck), Huntsman would ride this to a landslide victory in Utah’s gubernatorial election two years later before being handily re-elected to a second term in 2008. Entering the presidential race in June 2011, Huntsman would seek to stake out the middle ground, running as a reliable fiscal conservative promising low taxes and with proven experience turning around struggling organizations, and as a relative moderate elsewhere, supporting civil unions, the scientific consensus on global warming, and efforts to combat climate change. Most of all, Huntsman ran as a candidate who could win, pointing to his landslide victories even by Utah standards and his popularity with independents. While Huntsman’s social moderation left some Republicans uneasy, his economic credibility and continued goodwill from the 2002 Winter Olympics proved more popular than his moderation was unpopular, and five losses in a row and a series of social conservative gaffes in the 2010 midterms left the party willing to make concessions if it meant returning to power. Huntsman’s expected waltz to victory would briefly be placed in limbo following Fiorina’s surprise Iowa victory, though subsequent wins in New Hampshire, South Carolina, and Nevada would return the Governor to frontrunner status and, though Fiorina would keep the race close, Huntsman would become the party’s presumptive nominee following her May withdrawal. Sensing the need to shore up his support with social conservatives, Huntsman would tap former Mississippi Governor and former RNC Chair Haley Barbour as his running mate, Barbour being viewed as a steady hand and strong fundraiser unlikely to overshadow Huntsman or do harm to the ticket.
Despite the gloomy national environment for the party, the Democrats too would see a wide variety of candidates put their name forward, the appeal of the first truly open nomination since 1996 being too great to resist. Senators Bob Carr, Howard Dean, Frankie Sue Del Papa, Richard Ieyoub, and Bob Wise, Governors Hillary Clinton and Ted Strickland, and former Speaker of the House Harold Ford all entered the race over the course of 2011, and each were thought to have a realistic shot at the nomination. Unfortunately, this field highlighted one of the party’s problems: having been in power for 16 years and having been wounded by the midterms, the party lacked a deep bench of new, young talent. All had been in politics since at least the 1990s, Strickland was in his 70s, Carr, Clinton, Dean, Del Papa, Ieyoub, and Wise were in their 60s, and even Ford had been a fixture in Washington for years. With the GOP expected to nominate either Huntsman or Fiorina, the Democrats entered 2012 seemingly doomed to nominate a candidate at risk of being labeled an old hand, representing the last twenty years of Washington politics and all of the baggage that entailed.
Ultimately, the race would be whittled down to three: Clinton, Ford, and Strickland. Governor of Arkansas since 2007 and before that the state’s First Lady for nearly twenty years, Clinton campaigned as a southern moderate while invoking the memory of President Richards, pitching herself as a champion for disadvantaged communities and a candidate with a solid economic record. With her husband Bill in the Senate helping win over many of his colleagues to her side, Clinton would quickly become an establishment favourite. Ford would portray himself as a ground breaking candidate, winning the support of Wall Street and many of his former colleagues in the House, but his divisive tenure as Speaker left him widely loathed by progressives. Strickland, meanwhile, campaigned as a Christian progressive and populist, touting his record on child care, education and criminal justice reform. Pointing to his statewide appeal with Republicans and independents, Strickland cast himself as a candidate who could retain the White House. Though the early primaries would split three ways (Strickland winning Iowa despite having earlier gotten into hot water for calling the caucus undemocratic, Clinton winning New Hampshire, and Ford winning South Carolina), with Clinton and Ford competing for the same coalition and splitting the vote Strickland would pull into a sizeable lead after Super Tuesday and secure the nomination by mid-April. Conscious of his weakness with black voters (at least in comparison to who he bested in the primaries), Strickland would tap as his running mate Virginia Governor John Boyd, like Strickland a popular “champion of the little guy” and making history as the first African American member of a major party ticket.
Shifting gears to the general election, Strickland would pitch himself as a proven progressive in the mould of Rockefeller and Richards, a champion for the little guy with a record to back it up. Still, though popular with the Democratic base, Strickland would find himself harmed by more than a few verbal gaffes on the campaign trail that only served to highlight his age, and the Ohio Governor would struggle to overtake Huntsman and distance himself from the unpopular McCurdy administration. Huntsman himself would opt to run a more positive campaign than previous Republican nominees, refusing to attack Strickland on a personal level and blanket the airwaves with attack ads, likely recognizing the country was looking for a breath of fresh air and making the political calculation that making the election a referendum on the McCurdy administration would pay far greater dividends than making it a referendum on Strickland himself. Assailing McCurdy’s handling of the economy and the war against al-Qaeda, Huntsman would find that most Americans agreed with his complaints. One thing they did not entirely agree with was Huntsman’s endorsement of Barbour. While chosen as a running mate who would be popular with the party base, Barbour’s connections to the establishment would become a bit of liability for the Huntsman campaign following attacks on Barbour’s history as a lobbyist. As perhaps should have been expected of a Deep South conservative who had grown up in the civil rights era, Barbour also had some liabilities on the issue of race, and repeated instances of comments insensitive at best did not provide him with the best reputation; remarks made during his debate against John Boyd would produce unfortunate headlines, and Boyd’s measured response would lead many to declare him the debate’s winner. The Huntsman/Strickland debates would be less dramatic affairs, though Strickland’s penchant for verbal slipups would continue to follow him and the two would get into a heated back and forth after Strickland implied Huntsman had cheated on his taxes. Ultimately though, despite his best efforts Strickland was again unable to close the gap. America was looking for a change and they voted accordingly, giving Huntsman 347 electoral votes and a 7 point victory. Twenty years later, a Republican had finally returned to the White House.
The 2012 election. With the Buckeye State backing its Governor by a two-point margin, Huntsman would become the first Republican to win the White House without winning Ohio.
With the Republicans in control of the White House, Senate, and House of Representatives for the first time since the 1950s, Huntsman, House Speaker David Dreier, and Senate Majority Leader Don Nickles would move quickly to enact his platform. Fiscally, Huntsman would reform the nation’s tax policy despite vocal left-wing opposition (though dividing congressional Democrats), abolishing the capital gains tax, lowering the corporate tax rate by ten percent, and eliminating most tax deductions and credits in favour of significantly lower general rates. Raising the Social Security retirement age and cuts to defence spending proved more controversial, with left-wing critics branding cuts to Social Security as inhumane and hawks on both sides treating cuts to military spending as sacrilegious. Still, despite this opposition both would pass the Republican Congress fairly easily. Also irritating defence hawks, Huntsman would follow through on his promise to lessen America’s involvement in Afghanistan. Arguing that the country had already achieved its main goals in Afghanistan by defeating the Taliban and driving out al-Qaeda, Huntsman would characterize America’s continued presence as a waste of resources that could be better used elsewhere and would commit to significantly scaling back America’s military presence by the middle of 2014, upon which time only some special operations forces and military trainers would remain. Though hawks would accuse Huntsman of abandoning America’s partners and retreating in the face of the Taliban, Huntsman would stick to his guns and by May 2014 America’s presence in Afghanistan would be significantly reduced. Though vulnerable over his decision on Afghanistan, Huntsman would be given significant leeway following the January 2014 capture of al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri by Pakistani officials, dealing what would later prove to be an irreversible blow to the terrorist organization. Though initial speculation raised fears the organization would rebound under a new leader as it had following the death of Osama bin Laden a decade earlier, and there existed a certain fear of retaliatory measures, in truth the terrorist organization had been falling apart for years before al-Zawahiri’s capture. Plagued by internal turmoil over al-Zawahiri’s leadership and significantly weakened in the aftermath of the American response to the United Airlines Flight 26 bombing, al-Qaeda would descend into infighting and ultimately splinter in the aftermath of al-Zawahiri’s capture.
Adding to Huntsman’s fortunes, the Democrats found themselves struggling to adjust to being out of power for the first time in sixteen years. Ideological battles would come to dominate the party in the early years of the Huntsman administration, the party divided between those wanting to stay the course and those wanting to pivot to a more left-wing direction, while even the party’s victories were short lived: though they managed to win back the House of Representatives in 2014, new Speaker Bob Menendez would be forced to resign less than a year into his tenure after being indicted in a corruption probe. Though House Democrats would move quickly to replace Menendez with Majority Leader Diana DeGette, DeGette would struggle to heal the party’s ideological divides and be unable to shake the baggage of the Menendez controversy; within months, polls showed the Republicans winning the generic ballot and Huntsman on track for a solid re-election victory. Still, even with less than favourable odds of victory, there were no shortage of Democrats eager to take Huntsman on. Hillary Clinton and Bob Wise launched second bids for the White House after losing out in 2012, John Boyd hoped to take advantage of his well-received stint as Strickland’s running mate, Charlotte Pritt launched a quixotic bid despite a decade out of office highlighting her early opposition to Dave McCurdy, Governors John Hickenlooper and R. T. Rybak sought to highlight their executive experience, Admiral Joe Sestak sought to highlight his military record, and relatively new Senators Beau Biden, Barbara Buono, Amy Klobuchar, and Anthony Weiner each attempted to portray themselves as the candidate best able to lead the party into the future. With Boyd, Klobuchar, Sestak, Weiner, and Wise flaming out early and narrowing the field, early victories in Iowa and New Hampshire would make Biden the candidate to beat. Though the next few primaries wouldn’t go quite as smoothly for the candidate, losing Nevada to Rybak and South Carolina to Clinton, Biden, a member of the Senate since his father Joe’s 2009 appointment as Secretary of State, would rebound on Super Tuesday and cement his frontrunner status. Winning most of the remaining contests with ease as the Democratic establishment made it clear they wanted the primaries over as quickly as possible so as to focus their efforts on Huntsman, Biden would be declared the presumptive Democratic nominee. 28 years after his father’s unsuccessful bid for the Presidency, Beau had succeeded where Joe had come short.
To some in the party, Biden’s nomination invoked memories of the Kennedy campaign nearly sixty years earlier, with Biden’s Catholicism, youth, charisma, and military service naturally leading to comparisons with the former President. A strong campaigner and popular in the swing states of the Rust Belt, Biden looked like he might actually give Huntsman a run for his money, and it’s believed that Huntsman’s surprise decision to nominate popular Pennsylvania Governor Bruce Castor to the Supreme Court was made in order to shore up his support in the region. Biden might have been able to beat Huntsman, though he would never get the opportunity to find out. Long open about his battle with glioblastoma since his 2013 diagnosis, Biden’s resolve while battling with cancer had been part of what drew voters to his campaign, and through much of the 2016 campaign his cancer was in remission and his health was doing well; were it not for Biden’s openness about his diagnosis, few would have suspected he had cancer to begin with. Unfortunately, things took a turn, and they did so quickly. On June 23, 2016, only four days after being admitted to Walter Reed, Biden would pass away. In a final, bitter similarity to Kennedy, Biden’s life and political career had been tragically cut short. The nation would mourn the loss of a man who was just reaching his political prime, while the Democrats would be forced to move quickly to find a candidate to run in Biden’s stead. With Beau’s father Joe mourning his son and quickly taking his name off the table, and Clinton and Rybak lacking the delegates to merit arguing they deserved the nomination, the party would turn to former Vice President Eric Shinseki. With the Democratic establishment convincing him to put his name in the running at the convention for the same reasons McCurdy tapped him to be his Vice President a decade earlier (namely his military record and reputation as both a unifier and someone above the partisan fray), Shinseki would reluctantly agree. Despite worries about the possibility of a long, drawn out convention, Shinseki would win the nomination on the first ballot; as his running mate, he would tap former Secretary of Homeland Security Tim Roemer, the two having established a strong relationship during the McCurdy administration and believing his Rust Belt roots would allow the campaign to maintain the Biden coalition.
Unfortunately, this ticket was probably better on paper than it was in practice; the ticket may have been well credentialed, but they did not run the best campaign to show it. Shinseki’s reputation as a man above the partisan fray may have endeared him to the country, but it left him reluctant to attack Huntsman or his administration, and the few times he did he came off as awkward and insincere. With Shinseki also came the baggage of the McCurdy administration, and though its unpopularity had lessened in the four years since the Democrats were defeated it remained an easy target for Republican candidates. Roemer fared only slightly better than Shinseki on the campaign trail, more comfortable with campaigning after serving eight terms in the House, but his decade out of elected office left him rusty and meant there was still much to be desired. It was not surprising, then, that Shinseki was unable to match the lofty goals set by the Biden campaign; on November 8, the country would re-elect Huntsman by an even larger margin than his 2012 victory, giving the President 363 electoral votes and an eight point win in the popular vote. In an added blow to the party, the Democrats would lose the House of Representatives after just a single term back in power, giving Huntsman free reign to govern as he entered his second term.
The 2016 election. Huntsman would win re-election by the greatest margin of victory since Jay Rockefeller sixteen years earlier, adding Minnesota and Ohio to his column though losing Washington to Shinseki.
Though tax reform and the war against al-Qaeda had emerged as perhaps the biggest priorities of Huntsman’s first term, trade policy would come to dominate his second. A long-time advocate of the merits of free trade dating back to his time in the Bush administration, Huntsman had remained a leading advocate for free trade despite the anti-globalization backlash that brought Perot into power in 1992 and the mixed emotions towards free trade that lingered in the subsequent Rockefeller, Richards, and McCurdy administrations. Though Huntsman had managed to secure the enactment of free trade agreements during his first term despite small but vocal opposition, selling the country on the prospect of expanding markets for American exports, his expanded efforts upon securing re-election were met with stronger opposition. Huntsman’s mission to expand trade agreements across the Pacific would come under fire from both sides, his efforts at securing a free trade agreement with Japan being criticized for failing to address the imbalance in the auto trade between the two countries and his negotiations with Malaysia and Vietnam leading to concerns that American jobs would be likely to move overseas to lower-wage countries. Efforts to address the realities of climate change within these agreements would also be divisive (Huntsman believing that international cooperation would be needed to handle climate change otherwise any change the United States made would amount to “unilateral disarmament”), with conservatives criticizing said provisions (and related moves by the Huntsman administration to reduce greenhouse gases) as unnecessary government regulation likely to kill jobs. Still, Huntsman would remain firm, touting the economic advantages of the agreements and the need to increase American economic presence in Asia to counter the influence of China, though his pursuit of free trade would dent his popularity leading into the 2018 midterms. His relatively proactive environmental policy wouldn’t help him much either, most voters appreciative of the policy already fired up to vote against the Republicans for a whole host of reasons and a sizable minority of the Republican base irritated enough to stay home altogether. With Huntsman experiencing the six-year itch, Democrats would manage to flip back both the House and the Senate in 2018, install Diana DeGette as Speaker of the House and Tom Daschle as Senate Majority Leader, and leave Huntsman’s final two years in office free of any major accomplishments. In a sign of Huntsman’s rising unpopularity, the 2018 election would see the incumbent Speaker of the House defeated in their own district for the first time since 1862; a top target of California Democrats during the 2010 redistricting cycle, House Republican leader David Dreier would finally fall victim to the liberal tilt of his district and see his 38 year career in Congress come to an end.
Term-limited and unable to seek a third-term in 2020, Huntsman would leave office with high approval ratings. Though in the court of public opinion the outgoing President would not quite measure up to the legacy of Ronald Reagan, the man he had invoked so frequently during the 2012 campaign, historians would largely view Huntsman’s administration as one of the more successful presidencies in recent American history. Citing his record of economic growth, strong stewardship of international affairs, and leadership on climate change, Huntsman would receive strong reviews. That’s not to say he was without criticism; Huntsman’s technocratic tendencies would produce a strong governing record but fail to inspire much passionate affection for the man himself, progressives continued to criticize his dogged pursuit of free trade agreements, and the most conservative members of Huntsman’s own party would continue to hold his occasional moderation in low regard. Still, for the large majority of Republicans Huntsman’s presidency was undoubtedly a success; the party had finally returned from the political wilderness, and Huntsman had not wasted the opportunity. As the President began preparations to leave office and return to Salt Lake City, the question on everyone’s mind was whether or not the country would elect a candidate who would continue his legacy.