1960 Nixon Triumphs

Xen

Banned
The 1960 election was so close we can easily swing it Nixon's way, so here he barely defeats JFK in the 1960 election. Nixon moves into the White House, and JFK stays in the Senate until he retire from politics in 1971, Kennedy dies in 1993.

As President Nixon faced his first test in April 1961 with the Bay of Pigs, unlike OTL, Nixon didn't hold out any punches, and the operation was a success. Other than the USSR making some noise and saber rattling, the world largely turned its head to the incident. Nixon had handed Cuba back to Fulgencio Batista, and left the Marine Corps there to put down any rebellion that may try to overthrow Batista.

Where as Nixon claimed victory in Cuba he failed a few months later in Berlin when the East German government erected a wall meant to keep its people from going to the west. The American media hounded Nixon for his failure to prevent the wall from going up.

Not wanting to look soft on Communism, Nixon stepped up the Arms Race which dominated his foreign policy in his first term. Domestically the United States was in turmoil in the South, the Civil Rights movement had reached a fevor pitch as images of young black's being attacked by dogs and beaten by police were shown across the world. Horror stories of lynchings and rapes echoed throughout the country. It was clear to everybody, except in the south, that something had to be done.

Nixon's first term was considered successful and in 1964 he squared off against Lyndon B. Johnson and the son of FDR, James Roosevelt for the Presidential nomination. The race is closely contested with the democrats focusing on the Race riots, and the Berlin Wall. Nixon manages to squeeze yet another race by just over 200,000 votes.

His second term looks more sinister, the United States entered the Vietnam Conflict in 1965 with Nixon giving long speeches on television about dominos. Now Americans watch news footages of young men trudging along in rice fields, and in swamps. Though the Army fights bravely and claims victory battle after battle, the Viet Cong keep coming. Meanwhile the race issue in the south continues to climax. The black civil rights leader Malcom X is shot in 1966, causing riots in Montgomery, Atlanta and Dallas. To keep the riots from spreading northward, Nixon signs the Civil Rights Act in December 1966.

Soviet Premeir Nikita Khruschev plays America's faults to a hilt, Africa becomes the Soviet's main target for exporting communism. Other than some border troubles with China, the Soviets have come out smelling like roses in the late 60s. America's youth marches in the streets protesting the war, and demonstrating for Civil Rights, experimenting with drugs and fully embracing the musical and sexual revolutions. Groups like the Beatles, and Rolling Stones became outlets for teens to express themselves.

Israel found itself again victorious over its Arab neighbors, and occupying the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai, and Golan Heights. Military and political analysists are awed by Israel's efficiency in the Six Day War, and have spent countless hours studying their tactics. In Greece a military coup is foiled by loyalists to the King, the leaders of the attempted coup are arrested, tried for treason and executed.

With Civil Rights, and Vietnam being the focus of American politics, Vice President Lodge nominated Nelson Rockefeller as his running mate and squared off against Senator Robert F. Kennedy of New York and his running mate George McGovern. Nixon's time as President was coming to an end, and only one thing was clear, he was leaving the country a different place than when he was sworn in in 1961.
 

Xen

Banned
After 16 years of Republican rule, the American public was ready for a change, the Nixon administration had seen America's transition into chaos. Many blame Nixon for the mess the 1960's were, although historians will point out the unfairness in laying blame on Tricky Dick. The 1960s were the manifestation of what had been boiling beneath the surface of American life for decades.

Senator Robert Kennedy cruised to a victory over Vice President Lodge and was sworn in as President in 1969. Kennedy focused on pulling American troops out of Vietnam, having claimed the war was a lost cause. The bitter taste of defeat washed over America as Vietnam was united in 1971 under a communist country. When Burma fell to a communist coup that same year, Republicans blamed Kennedy for starting the domino effect. In truth the elements were in place for SE Asia to fall into Communists hand before the war, all Vietnam did was accelerate the process by making the Communists desperate.

As President Robert Kennedy had the pleasure to see the US flag placed on the moon as Astronaught Neil Armstrong said his famous words "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." America achieving success on the moon was a sigh of relief for the country, finally there was some good news to show. Something to be proud of again.

Premeir Nikita Khruschev of the USSR died in 1970, he was replaced by Alexei Kosygen at the helm of the Soviet Union. Cold War tensions eased in the 1970's, especially with China and Soviet Union trading fire with eachother along their border. President Kennedy had no love of either country and had hoped they'd destroy eachother.

The Middle East was in turmoil after the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was overthrown by the Palestinian terror group called Black October. The group declared Jordan to be the new Palestinian homeland, making it clear its ultimate goal was the annihlation of Israel.

Domestically the United States was advancing, Civil Rights were improving slowly but steadily, womens rights were taking their place at the forefront of the issue as more and more women left the housewife stigma and became part of the working force. The musical revolution had began to fade in the late 1960's/early 1970's with the death of Jim Morrison, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin and the Beatles break up, the hippy movement and flower power seemed to have died with the 60's. Other 1960's icons ended in the early 1970's such as Star Trek being cancelled in 1970. Paul McCartney of the Beatles formed a new band with his wife Linda called Wings, the band consisted of ex Moody Blues guitarist Denny McClain, and ex Rolling Stones guitarist Brian Jones and ex Pacemakers drummer Freddie Marsden. The group was a huge commercial success in the early and mid 1970s.

Kennedy-McGovern defeated Norman Rockefeller and his vice presidential candidate Spiro Agnew in a much closer election than in 1968. After the turmoil of the 1960's, America was clearly becoming conservative in the 1970s.

Racial issues again got moved to the forefront when the still campaigning Martin Luther King was shot and killed in Cincinnati, OH in 1973 Cinicinnati, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Atlanta, Memphis and other cities erupted in violence and riots. A supporter of civil rights, Kennedy was forced to take drastic action by activating the National Guard to put the riots down.

Israel found itself again at war with its neighbors when Egypt, Syria, and Jordan invaded, Iraq had sent a token force through Jordan hoping to crush Israel once and for all. The invasion was nearly a success, fighting on all fronts, Israel lost most of its gains from the Six Day War, except for the West Bank which was regained in the closing weeks of the war. Egypt had once again taken the Sinai and Gaza and Syria recaptured the Golan Heights. Amongst the dead was an Israel officer Ariel Sharon, killed defending Hebron from the invaders from Jordan. A Baathist coup took power in Jordan after the war, forming close nit alliances with both Syria and Iraq.

Kennedy finished his second term with low approval ratings, the economy was staggering, the riots in several cities after Kings death, and the loss of Vietnam had given his administration a foul stench. In America's bi-centennial year, George McGovern and Jimmy Carter took the Democratic ticket against Ronald Reagan and Gerald Ford of the Republicans.
 

Grey Wolf

Donor
Interesting to see the cast of characters used in other ways - is the VP Lodge a descendant of Henry Cabot Lodge ? What was he in OTL ? Also, this Rockefeller - Norman instead of Nelson, is he an older brother ?

I have been thinking about butterflies - what would the USA invading Cuba to put back into power a corrupt dictator do ? It would be different if they attempted democracy or gave it to a liberation movement, but to put Batista back in power might well have unforeseen consequences. IMHO it would show that Communism is pro-liberty to the peoples of the Southern and Central Americas (and by knock-on in Africa and Asia) and that the USA prefers brutal dictatorship to people's communism. This could lead to a far more volatile Caribbean area than OTL where the isolated Cuba was more or less set in a sea owned by the US. Any massacre of ex-communists or other blatant disregard for human rights by Batista, could well spell great difficulty for Nixon in how own backyard as this action will be associated with the United States without much regard for demarcation

Grey Wolf
 
Grey Wolf said:
Interesting to see the cast of characters used in other ways - is the VP Lodge a descendant of Henry Cabot Lodge ? What was he in OTL ?

VP Lodge is Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., the grandson of Henry Cabot Lodge. He was Nixon's running mate in 1960. He was also US ambassador to South Vietnam and US representative to the UN.
 

Grey Wolf

Donor
Walter_Kaufmann said:
VP Lodge is Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., the grandson of Henry Cabot Lodge. He was Nixon's running mate in 1960. He was also US ambassador to South Vietnam and US representative to the UN.

Ah, thank you very much :) I could imagine both those previous jobs are going to give him a very distinctive take on the world

Grey Wolf
 
Grey Wolf said:
Ah, thank you very much :) I could imagine both those previous jobs are going to give him a very distinctive take on the world

Well, actually, in TTL, he would never be Ambassador to South Vietnam. In OTL, he was Ambassador there from from 1963 to 1964 and from 1965 to 1967. Thus, he would be VP during this time and would not have been Ambassador.

Sorry, I should have made that a little more clear.
 

Grey Wolf

Donor
Walter_Kaufmann said:
Well, actually, in TTL, he would never be Ambassador to South Vietnam. In OTL, he was Ambassador there from from 1963 to 1964 and from 1965 to 1967. Thus, he would be VP during this time and would not have been Ambassador.

Sorry, I should have made that a little more clear.

Ah,that would be interesting in itself - some of his ATL views could well be different because of the absence of this experience.

Grey Wolf
 

Xen

Banned
Sorry that should be Nelson Rockefeller not Norman, thats what happens when you try to do two things at once.
 
The US initially welcomed Castro b/c Batista was rather embarassing; I think the US would find someone untainted by Batista but not TOO leftist (probably some middle-class anti-Batista-ists--they did exist, but were eclipsed by Castro) and put them in power with Marine backing.
 

Xen

Banned
Reagan handed McGovern a sound thrashing in the 1976 elections, promising the United States public a new era of prosperity. His popularity unparalleled since Eisenhower was in office. Reagan seemed to be just what the country needed at the time.

His handling of the economic crisis once in power was anything but spectacular. New domestic issues included the environment, high unemployment and a rising crime rate. Reagan seemed to ignore most of these things concentrating his efforts on his foreign policy. He engaged the Soviet Union and China both in a new Arms Race. This led to criticism by Democrats who saw the Soviet-Sino Summit in Leningrad as Reagan forcing reconciliation of the communist giants. His Star Wars program, named after the popular 1978 movie, drew the ire of many critics. Rebellion's were put down in Iran supported by the Shah and the CIA. When Ayatollah Khomenei's plane crashed en route to Iran, the Persians expected foul play and saw blood on America's hands. Reagan assured the Shah's power and used martial law to keep Iran from breaking out in open revolt.

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 took some of the pressure of the Shah and President Reagan in Iran. Reagan took the opportunity to denounce the Soviets as the Empire of Evil. Henry Kissinger a member of the Reagan administration was a key player in Iranian reforms, and the toppling of the Democratically elected leader in Peru for being too socialist.

During the election year of 1980, Reagan was blessed by a last minute up turn in the economy helping him defeat Senator Byrd for the Presidency. With aids rearing its ugly head in early 1980's Reagan began to look inward domestically. The United States was plagued with Crime, and illegal drugs, unemployment remained high, and a new form of African American music called rap began its message of life in the ghetto.

The Middle East became plagued with war, Reagan's administration successfully negotiated a peace with Israel and Egypt under the guidance of Kissinger. In spite of the hopes of peace war reigned supreme, Iran was teetering on the brink of Civil War, the new Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein was at war with Syria over water disputes of the Euphrates River. Arabs were leaving their homes to engages the Soviets in Afghanistan, Israel was at war with Jordan, Lebanon was in a Civil War and was occupied by France and the US Marines. News papers at the time called it World War 2 1/2.

The new election year approached putting Democrat Walter Mondale up against Vice President Gerald Ford. Although Reagan was popular amongst the middle aged population, his lack of concentration on the domestic issues cost the Republicans the election. Walter Mondale came to office in 1985, a year later Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the USSR. The two world leaders developed a close working relationship, they strived in the US-Soviet Summit to bring the Cold War to an end. Gorbachev urged Mondale to extend the Summit to China.

In 1987 the Berlin Wall was torn down, a symbolic gesture marking the end of the Cold War and the opening of east and west. Against the wishes of Britain and France, Germany was re-united in 1988. The Warsaw Pact dissolved in 1989. Though the economy had been good for most of Mondale's Presidency, a downward spiral cost him the 1988 election to Senator Dole of Kansas.

The United States put the sting of the loss in Vietnam and the effects of the 1970's behind them and was ready to embrace its new President to lead them into the 90's.
 

Grey Wolf

Donor
I wonder whether Gorbachev would come to power in this TL ? IIRC at the time he did, there was a serious rival in some chap called Romanov (rather ironically) who was something like Agriculture Minister and an unreformed Communist.

Grey Wolf
 
Instead of Reagan, I'd consider having Barry Goldwater be the conservative leader of the late 70s / early 80s.

A) Reagan first entered the national political scene working on Goldwaters 1964 campaign which didn't happen in TTL.

B) Goldwater was not spoiled a Presidential nominee by the 1964 loss.

C) His policies were equally conservative as Reagan's (if not more so).

D) By the time you'd have him running in TTL (1976), he was probably THE most respected politician in Washington. He was considered the grandfather-figure of Congress.


Also, I'd consider making George Wallace a major Democratic figure in TTL. W/o the forced integration in Alabama when he was Governor, which wouldn't happen in TTL, he would never gain a reputation as being a racist. Also, considering how well he did in the 72 primaries, he would be a good choice, IMHO, to lead the Democratic Party in the mid-1970s.
 

Xen

Banned
I can work on a backstory to have Reagan come onto the scene working on the Lodge-Rockefeller campaign. I nearly had it where Lodge didnt run and it was a Goldwater-Rockefeller but RFK would win regardless in ttl, 16 years of Republican's the people are ripe for a little change.

I can probably use Wallace for the Democrats in 1980 instead of Byrd, I only chose him cause I didnt want Carter and couldnt think of any other Democrat. Byrd and Wallace in 1980 probably not much difference in their policies.
 

Dunash

Banned
Nixon was Eisenhower's VP already in 1952. If Ike had died in 1953, how would OTL have differed with a 40 year old Nixon ruling the 50s?!
 

Grey Wolf

Donor
Dunash said:
Nixon was Eisenhower's VP already in 1952. If Ike had died in 1953, how would OTL have differed with a 40 year old Nixon ruling the 50s?!

Why not post that as your own thread, and leave this one to what Lonnie is working on ? Its a valid question you raise, but I think not best in this thread

Grey Wolf
 
Xen said:
The 1960 election was so close we can easily swing it Nixon's way, so here he barely defeats JFK in the 1960 election. Nixon moves into the White House, and JFK stays in the Senate until he retire from politics in 1971, Kennedy dies in 1993.

Kennedy almost certainly wouldn't live to 93, he would have been lucky to survive a second term with the disease he had.
 

Xen

Banned
Brilliantlight said:
Kennedy almost certainly wouldn't live to 93, he would have been lucky to survive a second term with the disease he had.

Prove he would have died before 1993.

In 1969 doctors told my grandfather he had no more than six months to live, and that is if he was lucky. The man died in 1984, death is not a given.

Also how do you know he wouldnt have just survived, as a near vegtable for decades?
 
Xen said:
the US flag placed on the moon as Astronaught Neil Armstrong said his famous words "One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

One little note. US space exploration under a President Nixon would be much more militarized. It would probably be a section of the Air Force, at least at some level. So, it would be an unknown Air Force Major, or something of the like, planting the flag on the moon, not Neil Armstrong.
 
Xen said:
Prove he would have died before 1993.

In 1969 doctors told my grandfather he had no more than six months to live, and that is if he was lucky. The man died in 1984, death is not a given.

Also how do you know he wouldnt have just survived, as a near vegtable for decades?

Almost certainly leaves some chance left that JFK beats the odds. I didn't it is totally certain.
 
I heard that before he died, JFK was on a bunch of medications (more than ten); that was all that was keeping him alive. One medicine was Cortisone (or something with a similar-sounding name), which supposedly increases the libido. "Reader's Digest" had a good article on it.
 
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