another excellent update Craigo! May I be bold to request something for the future...namely any one of the superbombings (or all) 
TL-191: Filling the Gaps
- Thread starter Craigo
- Start date
Manumission Amendment to the Confederate Constitution
The CSA's greatest political crisis prior to the 1920s arose in 1882-1883, just after the Second Mexican War. President Longstreet had promised to support the manumission of slaves in exchange for British and French assistance in that conflict. Longstreet knew that the CS couldn't hope to survive against a much larger USA in a future conflict without allies.
The debate raged for nearly a year, and it would later be discovered by historians that Senator Wade Hampton III of South Carolina had attempted to gather support for a coup attempt against Longstreet. In the end, the support of General-in-Chief Stonewall Jackson proved crucial. While the Deep South, more heavily reliant on slave labor, stood foursquare against the amendment, the necessary two-thirds of the Confederate States had ratified it by the second half of 1883.
Cuba - October 2, 1882
Sonora - October 30, 1882
Kentucky - October 30, 1882
Chihuahua - November 10, 1882
Sequoyah - November 23, 1882
North Carolina - December 12, 1882
Virginia - January 15, 1883
Florida - February 5, 1883
Louisiana - April 14, 1883
Arkansas - April 29, 1883
Tennessee - June 1, 1883
Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas all defeated amendment, mostly by large margins. Several states took up the amendment more than once, which resulted in a legal challenge. In Barksdale v. Reagan, the Confederate Supreme Court upheld the ratification by a vote of 5-2, with Justices Memminger and Wigfall the only dissenters. A second challenge based on Sec. 9 of the CS Constitution was defeated in the next session by 6-1, with Wigfall again in the minority, effectively ending the matter.
Without Sonora and Chihuahua, the casus belli of the Second Mexican War, the amendment would have failed. If the CS had used the 3/4 requirement of the of the US Consitution, the amendment would have fallen short by one vote.
The amendment took effect in January 1, 1884. All person born to slaves on that date were free, though they owed service to their mother's master for the first eighteen years of their lives. All slaves who attained the age of eighteen after that date also became free. The Confederate Congress passed a law providing for compensated manumission (though not at market rates), funded by the sale of bonds and a special tax on the sale of Negroes. The few hundred remaining slaves were freed in a special ceremony in 1903, following their purchase by Congress. President Longstreet was the guest of honor at this event, attended by President Taylor, the Supreme court, most of Congress, and the ambassadors of the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
The CSA's greatest political crisis prior to the 1920s arose in 1882-1883, just after the Second Mexican War. President Longstreet had promised to support the manumission of slaves in exchange for British and French assistance in that conflict. Longstreet knew that the CS couldn't hope to survive against a much larger USA in a future conflict without allies.
The debate raged for nearly a year, and it would later be discovered by historians that Senator Wade Hampton III of South Carolina had attempted to gather support for a coup attempt against Longstreet. In the end, the support of General-in-Chief Stonewall Jackson proved crucial. While the Deep South, more heavily reliant on slave labor, stood foursquare against the amendment, the necessary two-thirds of the Confederate States had ratified it by the second half of 1883.
Cuba - October 2, 1882
Sonora - October 30, 1882
Kentucky - October 30, 1882
Chihuahua - November 10, 1882
Sequoyah - November 23, 1882
North Carolina - December 12, 1882
Virginia - January 15, 1883
Florida - February 5, 1883
Louisiana - April 14, 1883
Arkansas - April 29, 1883
Tennessee - June 1, 1883
Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas all defeated amendment, mostly by large margins. Several states took up the amendment more than once, which resulted in a legal challenge. In Barksdale v. Reagan, the Confederate Supreme Court upheld the ratification by a vote of 5-2, with Justices Memminger and Wigfall the only dissenters. A second challenge based on Sec. 9 of the CS Constitution was defeated in the next session by 6-1, with Wigfall again in the minority, effectively ending the matter.
Without Sonora and Chihuahua, the casus belli of the Second Mexican War, the amendment would have failed. If the CS had used the 3/4 requirement of the of the US Consitution, the amendment would have fallen short by one vote.
The amendment took effect in January 1, 1884. All person born to slaves on that date were free, though they owed service to their mother's master for the first eighteen years of their lives. All slaves who attained the age of eighteen after that date also became free. The Confederate Congress passed a law providing for compensated manumission (though not at market rates), funded by the sale of bonds and a special tax on the sale of Negroes. The few hundred remaining slaves were freed in a special ceremony in 1903, following their purchase by Congress. President Longstreet was the guest of honor at this event, attended by President Taylor, the Supreme court, most of Congress, and the ambassadors of the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
Last edited:
Oscar de Priest
Born in Alabama to slaves, de Priest was manumitted in 1887, just two years before his eighteenth birthday would have mandated his freedom. His parents, still in chains, encouraged him to seek a better life, and de Priest worked as a day laborer for a while in Kentucky before sneaking across the Ohio into the United States. He drifted through the Midwest before settling in Chicago, where he eventually went into the house-building business, catering to the Negro community.
Like virtually all American blacks of the time, he was a staunch Republican. He began serving in Chicago city politics in the 1900s, and was elected to Congress from a Cook County district in 1910. He was the only black Congressman for virtually his entire career. He was invited to the inaugural ball of Democratic President Theodore Roosevelt in 1913, and became the first black man to be an official guest at the Powel House.
An economic conservative, foreign-policy hard-liner, and civil-rights champion, de Priest, like most of the remaining Republicans, voted with the Democrats as often as he did the Socialists. Out of step with many in his own party and necessarily isolated by his race, de Priest became something of a lone figure in the House. He introduced bills calling for the conscription of blacks into the Army in every session of Congress; in 1917 it attracted 117 votes out of 338 in the House, its highest total before the Second Great War, following the introduction of Negro troops by the Confederacy.
Although he returned to the Powel House as a frequent guest of President Upton Sinclair (like de Priest, a wanderer who had settled in Chicago), he opposed most Socialist policies. The Republican party continued its slow decline, and he was defeated by a Negro Socialist candidate in 1924, before regaining his seat in the backlash election of 1930. He lost it again in 1932, this time to a Democrat.
Retiring from active politics, de Priest returned to business and Chicago politics. He was indicted for a vote-buying scheme in 1937, but was acquitted the next year, in a trial marked by rampant corruption. He was a fervent and outspoken champion of civil rights until his death, and heartily supported the war against the Confederacy. Following the revelation of Feathertson's death camps, he returned to national prominence as a figure in Us propaganda, along with other famous Negroes such as Satchmo and Fred Pollard, the only black football player in the National League.
Oscar de Priest died in Chicago in 1947, having finally witnessed President Dewey sign a comprehensive civil-rights bill into law.
Born in Alabama to slaves, de Priest was manumitted in 1887, just two years before his eighteenth birthday would have mandated his freedom. His parents, still in chains, encouraged him to seek a better life, and de Priest worked as a day laborer for a while in Kentucky before sneaking across the Ohio into the United States. He drifted through the Midwest before settling in Chicago, where he eventually went into the house-building business, catering to the Negro community.
Like virtually all American blacks of the time, he was a staunch Republican. He began serving in Chicago city politics in the 1900s, and was elected to Congress from a Cook County district in 1910. He was the only black Congressman for virtually his entire career. He was invited to the inaugural ball of Democratic President Theodore Roosevelt in 1913, and became the first black man to be an official guest at the Powel House.
An economic conservative, foreign-policy hard-liner, and civil-rights champion, de Priest, like most of the remaining Republicans, voted with the Democrats as often as he did the Socialists. Out of step with many in his own party and necessarily isolated by his race, de Priest became something of a lone figure in the House. He introduced bills calling for the conscription of blacks into the Army in every session of Congress; in 1917 it attracted 117 votes out of 338 in the House, its highest total before the Second Great War, following the introduction of Negro troops by the Confederacy.
Although he returned to the Powel House as a frequent guest of President Upton Sinclair (like de Priest, a wanderer who had settled in Chicago), he opposed most Socialist policies. The Republican party continued its slow decline, and he was defeated by a Negro Socialist candidate in 1924, before regaining his seat in the backlash election of 1930. He lost it again in 1932, this time to a Democrat.
Retiring from active politics, de Priest returned to business and Chicago politics. He was indicted for a vote-buying scheme in 1937, but was acquitted the next year, in a trial marked by rampant corruption. He was a fervent and outspoken champion of civil rights until his death, and heartily supported the war against the Confederacy. Following the revelation of Feathertson's death camps, he returned to national prominence as a figure in Us propaganda, along with other famous Negroes such as Satchmo and Fred Pollard, the only black football player in the National League.
Oscar de Priest died in Chicago in 1947, having finally witnessed President Dewey sign a comprehensive civil-rights bill into law.
Last edited:
Eric Blair, 1903-??
Born to British parents in India, Blair grew up in England. He began writing at an early age, while attending public school during the Great War. Brought up to revere the British Empire like all good upper-lower-middle-class Englishmen, the defeat came as a great shock.
He was, by all accounts, a poor student, who focused more on his writing and daydreams of the East of his birth. Unaccountably to his friends and family, he decided after school to join the imperial police in Burma. He served from 1924-1927. During his tenure, the British Army opened fire on thousands of unarmed Indian protesters in what became known as the Chindagurh Massacre. Letters from Blair indicate that he approved of the actions taken that day, as the subcontinent was becoming increasingly restless under a weakening Britain.
Illness prompted his return to Britain in 1927. While in London he heard a speech by Sir Oswald Mosley, a former Labour minister in Arthur Henderson's government. Mosley had broken with the Labour Party, and now advocated a renewal of the British Empire, starting with the defeat of Germany. Blair, who had witnessed firsthand the decline of imperial strength in Burma, was attracted to Mosley's ideology, and he became a member of the Silver Shirts, Mosley's revanchist political party. Never interested in holding office, he became a strategist and speech-writer, attacking Labour and Conservatives alike (at least before the 1935 coalition government), and participating in the street brawls which were becoming endemic in the 1930s.
When civil war broke out in Spain in 1936, Blair immediately enlisted in the Wellington Legion, a group of British volunteers that fought for the Nationalist cause. He saw action in Castile, Aragon, and Catalonia. His seminal work Barcelona Days, published in 1939, chronicles his wartime experiences, including the fall of the titular city. It has become, along with Jake Feathertson's Over Open Sights and Charles Maurras' Trone et l'Autel, one of the premier works of interwar far-right thought.
During the Second Great War, Blair served in the Ministry of Information. Although he worked primarily as a speech-writer for Mosley and Prime Minister Winston Churchill, his duties also included overseeing propaganda efforts, which after 1942 consisted largely of covering up Entente reverses. Whereas Hamburg was ready to fall that year, the city might as well have not existed in 1943, according to the government. Such revisionism did not go unnoticed by most of the British public, however.
When Churchill and Mosley were turned out of office in 1944 following the superbombings, Blair attempted to flee the country under the alias "George Orwell." He was arrested at the coastal town of Bexhill, and turned over to the Germans in accordance with the armistice terms. He was given a life sentence for his role in the British wartime government, and now resides in Spandau Prison in Berlin. His keepers report that he is currently writing a novel, describing what he believes will be the terrible world of fifty years from now. It is unknown whether they will allow the manuscript to leave the prison walls.
Born to British parents in India, Blair grew up in England. He began writing at an early age, while attending public school during the Great War. Brought up to revere the British Empire like all good upper-lower-middle-class Englishmen, the defeat came as a great shock.
He was, by all accounts, a poor student, who focused more on his writing and daydreams of the East of his birth. Unaccountably to his friends and family, he decided after school to join the imperial police in Burma. He served from 1924-1927. During his tenure, the British Army opened fire on thousands of unarmed Indian protesters in what became known as the Chindagurh Massacre. Letters from Blair indicate that he approved of the actions taken that day, as the subcontinent was becoming increasingly restless under a weakening Britain.
Illness prompted his return to Britain in 1927. While in London he heard a speech by Sir Oswald Mosley, a former Labour minister in Arthur Henderson's government. Mosley had broken with the Labour Party, and now advocated a renewal of the British Empire, starting with the defeat of Germany. Blair, who had witnessed firsthand the decline of imperial strength in Burma, was attracted to Mosley's ideology, and he became a member of the Silver Shirts, Mosley's revanchist political party. Never interested in holding office, he became a strategist and speech-writer, attacking Labour and Conservatives alike (at least before the 1935 coalition government), and participating in the street brawls which were becoming endemic in the 1930s.
When civil war broke out in Spain in 1936, Blair immediately enlisted in the Wellington Legion, a group of British volunteers that fought for the Nationalist cause. He saw action in Castile, Aragon, and Catalonia. His seminal work Barcelona Days, published in 1939, chronicles his wartime experiences, including the fall of the titular city. It has become, along with Jake Feathertson's Over Open Sights and Charles Maurras' Trone et l'Autel, one of the premier works of interwar far-right thought.
During the Second Great War, Blair served in the Ministry of Information. Although he worked primarily as a speech-writer for Mosley and Prime Minister Winston Churchill, his duties also included overseeing propaganda efforts, which after 1942 consisted largely of covering up Entente reverses. Whereas Hamburg was ready to fall that year, the city might as well have not existed in 1943, according to the government. Such revisionism did not go unnoticed by most of the British public, however.
When Churchill and Mosley were turned out of office in 1944 following the superbombings, Blair attempted to flee the country under the alias "George Orwell." He was arrested at the coastal town of Bexhill, and turned over to the Germans in accordance with the armistice terms. He was given a life sentence for his role in the British wartime government, and now resides in Spandau Prison in Berlin. His keepers report that he is currently writing a novel, describing what he believes will be the terrible world of fifty years from now. It is unknown whether they will allow the manuscript to leave the prison walls.
Last edited:
Another awesome update Craigo! Since you referenced him in this last post, will we be seeing one of Charles Maurras anytime soon...?
Maurras is hard for me. A lot of fans seem convinced that he's Charles XI, but while Maurras himself was not particularly dedicated to the Bourbons, but I have trouble believing that a monarchist movement like Action Francaise would so blatantly install someone without royal blood on the throne of France.
Wolfpaw
Banned
Yeah, I always thought that may have been a lazy oversight on the part of Turtledove. Maybe Jean III (though he died in 1940) takes the name Charles XI in support of the absolutist Charles X? But then, the book says Charles XI dies in 1944, so...
I dunno. Again, sort of lazy for Harry to overlook the Orleans bloodline and just say, "Yes! I shall make a deaf intellectual with no royal blood king of an absolutist France! Huzzah!"
Well, don't indict HT right away on that point. Mauras as king is really the reader consensus. HT never said one way or the other. I can remember a time when Charles de Gaulle was a candidate, actually.
HT did miss the boat on the Orleanist line, though.
*rant on* unfortunately for the Entire series HT missed the boat on a lot of stuff...he could have taken it in an entirely new direction with No second war, or one that didn't have a Naziesq retred, Hell he missed the boat COMPLETELY on a Naval War between the US and Japan during the interwar years, one that could have pulled the US out of the depression or had lessened it's impact. He could have gotten rid of the depression or shortened it. *off rant*
sorry...little bit of a vent on a series with great missed potential
Could i request some updates plz?
1. Britain During the Inter War Period
2. Britain Post War
3. Australia (why not).
Thanks, great ideas BTW.
1. Britain During the Inter War Period
2. Britain Post War
3. Australia (why not).
Thanks, great ideas BTW.
Mr. Craigo,
How could you turn my hero, George Orwell, into a Fascist propagandist? How could you turn my favorite non-fiction book, "Homage to Catalonia" into a handbook for the far right? Have you no honor, sir?
Seriously though, great work. You have once again shown that different experiences will lead to different outcomes and that while genetics may predispose us in certain directions (such as Eric Blair being a writer) the butterflies will influence our direction more than we care to admit.
Keep up the good work.
AH
P.S. What's next? Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel as a war hero and crusading Manhattan D.A.? Mohandas Ghandi as the leader of the anti-British "Free India" terrorist organization? Adlai Stevenson as the last GOP candidate for President?
How could you turn my hero, George Orwell, into a Fascist propagandist? How could you turn my favorite non-fiction book, "Homage to Catalonia" into a handbook for the far right? Have you no honor, sir?
Seriously though, great work. You have once again shown that different experiences will lead to different outcomes and that while genetics may predispose us in certain directions (such as Eric Blair being a writer) the butterflies will influence our direction more than we care to admit.
Keep up the good work.
AH
P.S. What's next? Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel as a war hero and crusading Manhattan D.A.? Mohandas Ghandi as the leader of the anti-British "Free India" terrorist organization? Adlai Stevenson as the last GOP candidate for President?
D.W. Griffith 1875-1948
As a young man in Kentucky and Virginia in the 1890s, Griffith, an unrealized playwright, bounced around the theater scene in Louisville and Richmond before almost accidentally being cast in a short film by the Yankee movie-maker Edwin Porter (Griffith had been attempting to sell a stage play at the time). Fascinated by film-making, he soon moved behind the camera, working for Porter in New York. He was the first director to shoot a commercial film in California: Hollywoodland, shot on the site of the future film capital of the world.
Griffith eventually split with his New York backers over the length of his films (the studio was convinced that films an hour or more would strain an audience's eyes and patience). He returned to his native Confederacy, where in 1914, during the first months of the Great War, he filmed The Birth of a Nation. Incredibly long at 180 min., it told the story of the War of Secession. As befitting his experience in the North, it was not entirely negative towards Yankees - the hero, a soldier in the Army of Northern Virginia, saves a white Pennsylvania woman from being raped by the black sidekick of the odious abolitionist Austin Stoneman, and Marylanders cheer Lee's march through their state. It ends with the heroic southern yeoman being rewarded by inheriting the Virginia plantation of his commanding officer (who tragically dies leading a charge at Camp Hill) and marrying the man's comely daughter. Foreseeing the 1880s and reflecting Griffith's own progressive (for the Confederacy) views, the hero manumits the slaves he inherits, all of whom joyfully remain to work for him.
Griffith pioneered such techniques as deep focus and the close-up shot, and far from being the expensive disaster that industry insiders predicted, Birth of a Nation became the first blockbuster film in the CSA and made Griffith a rich man.
While scouting locations in Florida in 1915, he was caught up in the Red Rebellion and had to flee from the Everglades Socialist Republic. Though he would later return to set up the first Confederate studio in Orlando, the events in Florida permanently discolored his views. His next film, Decadence, was a multi-part historical epic that traced the falls of Babylon, Rome, and France, and, provocatively predicted the decline of the modern United States, riven by gangsters, socialists, and mongrels. Although not as popular as Birth of a Nation, and morally reprehensible by contemporary standards, it is considered a stroke of genius in its own way, rivaling the great works of art, literature, and music.
Griffith continued as a film-maker in the 1920s, but many of his innovative techniques had been appropriated by other directors in both the burgeoning Hollywood and Orlando industries, and during that decade he never again found the commercial or artistic success he achieved in the 1910s.
His production company, Confederate Artists, was nearly dragged under by the Collapse, despite the film industry's overall resilience. His salvation came in 1932, when Freedom Party chairman Jake Feathertson was shown a clip of Decadence at the behest of party backer Anne Colleton. Like most Confederates, he had seen Birth of a Nation and had enjoyed it, but he was mesmerised by Griffith's later vision. Confederate Artists soon received financial backing from several prominent Freedom Party members. In return for support of his artistic endeavors, Griffith cooperated the Director of Communications Saul Goldman, in both his Party and government capacities, to produce propaganda films.
Although Griffith is known to have directed several of the shorts shown to Confederate conscripts during training, his true propaganda masterpiece is no doubt Glory. It is a feature length documentary chronicling Feathertson's first inauguration in March 1934. Speeches given by Featherston, Ferdinand koenig, Willy Knight, and congressmen such as South Carolina's Cotton Ed Smith and Georgia's Richard Brevard Russell are interspersed with hypnotic footage of official ceremonies and "Freedom!" chanting Party faithful.
Glory was another smash success for Griffith, and though the Freedom Party took its share of the profits, he was once again wealthy. He made some trips to the front to capture combat footage, much of which has survived and is now in the custody of the National Archives in Philadelphia.
As he realized the full extent of Feathertson's plans for the United States and Negroes, his enthusiasm for the Freedom Party began to wane, and by 1943 he had left Richmond and returned to Orlando. Florida was one of the few states to be spared the full effects of the war, and he finished the war largely untouched. He was placed under house arrest by the occupation authorities in 1944, but was never charged, as he never participated in the war itself and there was no evidence he was aware of the Destruction; he was allowed to go free in early 1945. Unfortunately, Confederate Artists had been liquidated as a Freedom Party front, and his money was gone.
He lived in poverty in Orlando and Miami until his death by cerebral hemorrhage in 1948. Those who knew him last report that he expressed regret for actions in the Freedom Party years.
As a young man in Kentucky and Virginia in the 1890s, Griffith, an unrealized playwright, bounced around the theater scene in Louisville and Richmond before almost accidentally being cast in a short film by the Yankee movie-maker Edwin Porter (Griffith had been attempting to sell a stage play at the time). Fascinated by film-making, he soon moved behind the camera, working for Porter in New York. He was the first director to shoot a commercial film in California: Hollywoodland, shot on the site of the future film capital of the world.
Griffith eventually split with his New York backers over the length of his films (the studio was convinced that films an hour or more would strain an audience's eyes and patience). He returned to his native Confederacy, where in 1914, during the first months of the Great War, he filmed The Birth of a Nation. Incredibly long at 180 min., it told the story of the War of Secession. As befitting his experience in the North, it was not entirely negative towards Yankees - the hero, a soldier in the Army of Northern Virginia, saves a white Pennsylvania woman from being raped by the black sidekick of the odious abolitionist Austin Stoneman, and Marylanders cheer Lee's march through their state. It ends with the heroic southern yeoman being rewarded by inheriting the Virginia plantation of his commanding officer (who tragically dies leading a charge at Camp Hill) and marrying the man's comely daughter. Foreseeing the 1880s and reflecting Griffith's own progressive (for the Confederacy) views, the hero manumits the slaves he inherits, all of whom joyfully remain to work for him.
Griffith pioneered such techniques as deep focus and the close-up shot, and far from being the expensive disaster that industry insiders predicted, Birth of a Nation became the first blockbuster film in the CSA and made Griffith a rich man.
While scouting locations in Florida in 1915, he was caught up in the Red Rebellion and had to flee from the Everglades Socialist Republic. Though he would later return to set up the first Confederate studio in Orlando, the events in Florida permanently discolored his views. His next film, Decadence, was a multi-part historical epic that traced the falls of Babylon, Rome, and France, and, provocatively predicted the decline of the modern United States, riven by gangsters, socialists, and mongrels. Although not as popular as Birth of a Nation, and morally reprehensible by contemporary standards, it is considered a stroke of genius in its own way, rivaling the great works of art, literature, and music.
Griffith continued as a film-maker in the 1920s, but many of his innovative techniques had been appropriated by other directors in both the burgeoning Hollywood and Orlando industries, and during that decade he never again found the commercial or artistic success he achieved in the 1910s.
His production company, Confederate Artists, was nearly dragged under by the Collapse, despite the film industry's overall resilience. His salvation came in 1932, when Freedom Party chairman Jake Feathertson was shown a clip of Decadence at the behest of party backer Anne Colleton. Like most Confederates, he had seen Birth of a Nation and had enjoyed it, but he was mesmerised by Griffith's later vision. Confederate Artists soon received financial backing from several prominent Freedom Party members. In return for support of his artistic endeavors, Griffith cooperated the Director of Communications Saul Goldman, in both his Party and government capacities, to produce propaganda films.
Although Griffith is known to have directed several of the shorts shown to Confederate conscripts during training, his true propaganda masterpiece is no doubt Glory. It is a feature length documentary chronicling Feathertson's first inauguration in March 1934. Speeches given by Featherston, Ferdinand koenig, Willy Knight, and congressmen such as South Carolina's Cotton Ed Smith and Georgia's Richard Brevard Russell are interspersed with hypnotic footage of official ceremonies and "Freedom!" chanting Party faithful.
Glory was another smash success for Griffith, and though the Freedom Party took its share of the profits, he was once again wealthy. He made some trips to the front to capture combat footage, much of which has survived and is now in the custody of the National Archives in Philadelphia.
As he realized the full extent of Feathertson's plans for the United States and Negroes, his enthusiasm for the Freedom Party began to wane, and by 1943 he had left Richmond and returned to Orlando. Florida was one of the few states to be spared the full effects of the war, and he finished the war largely untouched. He was placed under house arrest by the occupation authorities in 1944, but was never charged, as he never participated in the war itself and there was no evidence he was aware of the Destruction; he was allowed to go free in early 1945. Unfortunately, Confederate Artists had been liquidated as a Freedom Party front, and his money was gone.
He lived in poverty in Orlando and Miami until his death by cerebral hemorrhage in 1948. Those who knew him last report that he expressed regret for actions in the Freedom Party years.
Last edited:
Oh... I really enjoyed the bit on Griffith. I had a different idea for him, when I thought of making a TL 191 Film History thread. But this really works.
Very nice references on the movie titles.
If you want to do a USA filmmaker I suggest you flip the role OTLs Fritz Lang (who would likely stay in Germany ITTL) with Sergei Eisenstein (who would likely flee white Russia to socialist friendly USA ITTL).
Very nice references on the movie titles.
If you want to do a USA filmmaker I suggest you flip the role OTLs Fritz Lang (who would likely stay in Germany ITTL) with Sergei Eisenstein (who would likely flee white Russia to socialist friendly USA ITTL).
Treaty of Philadelphia
Negotiated by Secretary of State Robert Lansing and British Ambassador Sir Cecil Spring-Rice, the US-UK treaty included the following terms:
*British recognition of the Republic of Ireland and Republic of Quebec
*US possession of Canada and Newfoundland
*US possession of the Sandwich Islands, Bermuda, and the Bahamas
*Self-government for Jamaica and British Honduras
*The sale of the British Virgin Islands to neutral Denmark
*A relatively minor indemnity for US losses, which Britain managed to pay off before the Collapse
Treaty of Arlington
Negotiated personally by Presidents Roosevelt and Semmes at the Lee estate in Virginia (the same site where the US had officially recognized Southern independence in 1863), it provided for:
*Confederate recognition of the US states of Kentucky and Houston
*US possession of Sequoyah
*Portions of Virginia, Arkansas, and Sonora ceded to the US
*A large indemnity, which proved a back-breaking weight on the Confederate economy until 1923
*Confederate ground forces (Army, Marines, and militia) limited to 50,000 officers and men
*Confederate Navy limited to 100,000 tons
*Prohibition upon barrels, machine-guns, artillery, submersibles, and poison gas
Treaty of Potsdam
The meetings and ceremony took place at the palace of Wilhelm II outside Berlin between the German emperor, Karl I of Austria-Hungary, Arthur Henderson of Britain (David Lloyd George's government was annihilated in the 1917 general election) and Georges Clemenceau of France (Aristide Briand having fallen as well). No representatives of Russia were sent due to the ongoing civil war, while junior allies were excluded from the major negotiations:
*Recognition of the Kingdom of Poland and Kingdom of Ukraine, under Hohenzollern and Habsburg monarchs respectively
*Recognition of the Republic of Ireland
*Annexation of Luxembourg to Germany
*Annexation of the remaining portion of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany
*German occupation of Belgium, with a German-appointed governor serving Leopold III, who remained on the throne
*German possession of the Belgian Congo
*Serbia divided between Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria
*Portions of Romania ceded to Bulgaria
*Military restrictions on France similar to those on the Confederacy
*Large reparations from Britain and France to Germany (Germany, Britain, and France provided substantial, generous loans to Austria-Hungary, due to no possibility of money from Russia)
Britain faced no military restrictions and retained the majority of its empire.
Many smaller agreements also came about. Japan, as the only undefeated member of the Entente, signed separate treaties with the US and Germany. The Japanese paid no reparations, but compensated Germany for the loss of its Pacific possessions. During the 1920s they would purchase Indochina from France, and the Dutch East Indies.
The Ottoman Empire, with substantial numbers of German "advisors," defeated the Arab rebellion following the British withdrawal in 1914 and regained the Caucasus territories which had been lost to Russia. The Ottomans received nominal reparations from the UK, regained suzerainty over Egypt, which had been lost to Britain over a century before, and took control of the Suez Canal. A campaign of persecution against the Armenians began in the late 1910s. The US and Germany both formally protested, but without stronger German measures, nothing could be done to stop it. (The Austrians pointedly made no comment.) By the time the campaign ended, over a million Armenians had been killed, a taste of what was to come in Russia, Mexico, Spain, and the Confederacy.
The war in South America continued until 1918. Brazil signed an armistice with Argentina in late 1917, ending her short participation, and the war between the Argentines and Paraguay and Chile ground on until a successful mediation effort by the government of Spain. No significant concessions were made by either side.
Germany created a customs union with the Netherlands and Poland in 1919, while the Austrians did the same with Albania, Romania, and Ukraine in 1921.
When Mikhail II was crowned Tsar of Russia in 1927, he made no effort to pursue his country's claims to Poland and the Ukraine, due to an earlier agreement in which Germany would ship arms to his forces and provide diplomatic support against Japan's designs in Siberia. Germany would come to regret this support, as Mikhail forgot his gratitude and formally demanded the return of both countries in 1941.
Negotiated by Secretary of State Robert Lansing and British Ambassador Sir Cecil Spring-Rice, the US-UK treaty included the following terms:
*British recognition of the Republic of Ireland and Republic of Quebec
*US possession of Canada and Newfoundland
*US possession of the Sandwich Islands, Bermuda, and the Bahamas
*Self-government for Jamaica and British Honduras
*The sale of the British Virgin Islands to neutral Denmark
*A relatively minor indemnity for US losses, which Britain managed to pay off before the Collapse
Treaty of Arlington
Negotiated personally by Presidents Roosevelt and Semmes at the Lee estate in Virginia (the same site where the US had officially recognized Southern independence in 1863), it provided for:
*Confederate recognition of the US states of Kentucky and Houston
*US possession of Sequoyah
*Portions of Virginia, Arkansas, and Sonora ceded to the US
*A large indemnity, which proved a back-breaking weight on the Confederate economy until 1923
*Confederate ground forces (Army, Marines, and militia) limited to 50,000 officers and men
*Confederate Navy limited to 100,000 tons
*Prohibition upon barrels, machine-guns, artillery, submersibles, and poison gas
Treaty of Potsdam
The meetings and ceremony took place at the palace of Wilhelm II outside Berlin between the German emperor, Karl I of Austria-Hungary, Arthur Henderson of Britain (David Lloyd George's government was annihilated in the 1917 general election) and Georges Clemenceau of France (Aristide Briand having fallen as well). No representatives of Russia were sent due to the ongoing civil war, while junior allies were excluded from the major negotiations:
*Recognition of the Kingdom of Poland and Kingdom of Ukraine, under Hohenzollern and Habsburg monarchs respectively
*Recognition of the Republic of Ireland
*Annexation of Luxembourg to Germany
*Annexation of the remaining portion of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany
*German occupation of Belgium, with a German-appointed governor serving Leopold III, who remained on the throne
*German possession of the Belgian Congo
*Serbia divided between Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria
*Portions of Romania ceded to Bulgaria
*Military restrictions on France similar to those on the Confederacy
*Large reparations from Britain and France to Germany (Germany, Britain, and France provided substantial, generous loans to Austria-Hungary, due to no possibility of money from Russia)
Britain faced no military restrictions and retained the majority of its empire.
Many smaller agreements also came about. Japan, as the only undefeated member of the Entente, signed separate treaties with the US and Germany. The Japanese paid no reparations, but compensated Germany for the loss of its Pacific possessions. During the 1920s they would purchase Indochina from France, and the Dutch East Indies.
The Ottoman Empire, with substantial numbers of German "advisors," defeated the Arab rebellion following the British withdrawal in 1914 and regained the Caucasus territories which had been lost to Russia. The Ottomans received nominal reparations from the UK, regained suzerainty over Egypt, which had been lost to Britain over a century before, and took control of the Suez Canal. A campaign of persecution against the Armenians began in the late 1910s. The US and Germany both formally protested, but without stronger German measures, nothing could be done to stop it. (The Austrians pointedly made no comment.) By the time the campaign ended, over a million Armenians had been killed, a taste of what was to come in Russia, Mexico, Spain, and the Confederacy.
The war in South America continued until 1918. Brazil signed an armistice with Argentina in late 1917, ending her short participation, and the war between the Argentines and Paraguay and Chile ground on until a successful mediation effort by the government of Spain. No significant concessions were made by either side.
Germany created a customs union with the Netherlands and Poland in 1919, while the Austrians did the same with Albania, Romania, and Ukraine in 1921.
When Mikhail II was crowned Tsar of Russia in 1927, he made no effort to pursue his country's claims to Poland and the Ukraine, due to an earlier agreement in which Germany would ship arms to his forces and provide diplomatic support against Japan's designs in Siberia. Germany would come to regret this support, as Mikhail forgot his gratitude and formally demanded the return of both countries in 1941.
Last edited:
The National League
The highest professional football organization in the world, formed in 1925 when the Union League merged with the National Association, it is currently composed of sixteen teams.
Eastern Division
Philadelphia Barrels
Baltimore Mustangs
Boston Yankees
New York Mutuals
Brooklyn Bulldogs
Pittsburgh Pirates
Cleveland Lakers
Cincinnati Monitors
Western Division
Indianapolis Indians
Chicago Chiefs
Minneapolis Saints
St. Louis Stars
Kansas City Cowboys
Milwaukee Brewers
Detroit Browns
Duluth Packers
Each team plays three teams from its division twice, four other teams once, and two teams from the other division once, for a season of twelve games. The two teams with the best record in each division face off, and the division champions play each other for the national title.
In twenty seasons, the Philadelphia Barrels have won six championships (including four straight from 1936-1939), followed by three each for Pittsburgh, Detroit, and Cleveland, two each for Boston and Duluth, and one for Chicago.
The war badly disrupted the league's operation, though it continued to operate even as its players were drafted and their cities were wrecked. The Pirates relocated to Altoona during the war, for example, while the Lakers and Monitors merged and played as the "Ohios" in various cities in Pennsylvania and upstate New York.
Various minor league teams operate in smaller cities, such as the Toledo Mud Hens, Hartford Whalers, and Des Moines Cornhuskers. There have been suggestions that a Montreal team be added to the NL, but nothing has come of such talk yet, possibly because of the different rules used by Canadians and Quebecois.
The Pacific League is neither a minor league nor on the level of the NL. It includes seven teams:
Los Angeles Dons
Seattle Sharks
Portland Columbias
San Francisco Missions
Sacramento Grizzlies
San Diego Padrons
Oakland Seals
Each team plays the other twice, for 12 games just as in the NL. In its twelve years of operation the Grizzlies have won the league four times, the Missions three times, the Dons twice, and Seals, Padrons, and Columbias once each. (Fans of the Sharks eagerly await their day in the sun.) The PL enjoys a unique status in the football world, as the NL forbids its teams to directly sign away the PCL's players directly. The two organizations have discussed holding a common player draft some time soon. Suggestions from PL officials that the two league champions meet in a game were rejected outright by the National League.
There was no national body in the CSA, though in 1940 the Southern League, Gulf Coast League, and Lone Star league had teams that were considered to be at least as good as those in the Pacific League.
The highest professional football organization in the world, formed in 1925 when the Union League merged with the National Association, it is currently composed of sixteen teams.
Eastern Division
Philadelphia Barrels
Baltimore Mustangs
Boston Yankees
New York Mutuals
Brooklyn Bulldogs
Pittsburgh Pirates
Cleveland Lakers
Cincinnati Monitors
Western Division
Indianapolis Indians
Chicago Chiefs
Minneapolis Saints
St. Louis Stars
Kansas City Cowboys
Milwaukee Brewers
Detroit Browns
Duluth Packers
Each team plays three teams from its division twice, four other teams once, and two teams from the other division once, for a season of twelve games. The two teams with the best record in each division face off, and the division champions play each other for the national title.
In twenty seasons, the Philadelphia Barrels have won six championships (including four straight from 1936-1939), followed by three each for Pittsburgh, Detroit, and Cleveland, two each for Boston and Duluth, and one for Chicago.
The war badly disrupted the league's operation, though it continued to operate even as its players were drafted and their cities were wrecked. The Pirates relocated to Altoona during the war, for example, while the Lakers and Monitors merged and played as the "Ohios" in various cities in Pennsylvania and upstate New York.
Various minor league teams operate in smaller cities, such as the Toledo Mud Hens, Hartford Whalers, and Des Moines Cornhuskers. There have been suggestions that a Montreal team be added to the NL, but nothing has come of such talk yet, possibly because of the different rules used by Canadians and Quebecois.
The Pacific League is neither a minor league nor on the level of the NL. It includes seven teams:
Los Angeles Dons
Seattle Sharks
Portland Columbias
San Francisco Missions
Sacramento Grizzlies
San Diego Padrons
Oakland Seals
Each team plays the other twice, for 12 games just as in the NL. In its twelve years of operation the Grizzlies have won the league four times, the Missions three times, the Dons twice, and Seals, Padrons, and Columbias once each. (Fans of the Sharks eagerly await their day in the sun.) The PL enjoys a unique status in the football world, as the NL forbids its teams to directly sign away the PCL's players directly. The two organizations have discussed holding a common player draft some time soon. Suggestions from PL officials that the two league champions meet in a game were rejected outright by the National League.
There was no national body in the CSA, though in 1940 the Southern League, Gulf Coast League, and Lone Star league had teams that were considered to be at least as good as those in the Pacific League.
Last edited: