That is a good question - sorry for having stayed out of the thread so long. I am not sure about the details, but the peace is certainly going to be vengeful. Germany is certain to draw conclusions from the failure of the 1908 peace to contain Russian revanchism, some right, some wrong. I confidently foresee additional territorial losses - the Caucasus, the Donbas - but there are limits to how far you can take this.
And everybody else who wants a piece will get one. Japan, Manchuria, India, Mongolia, whatever is China, Iran, Turkey, Finland, Ukraine, Poland (which in a fit of irony may get a Ostverschiebung (movement to the east) this time round) for examples.
Reparations will be payable, but since that stratagem failed the last time round, probably not as a mode of arms control. They will also very likely be set up in terms of control over natural resources from the start. Germany needs that more than money, and they are in a position to set arbitrarily low values on their loot.
And, as with the territory, everybody gets to pile on. Oh joy.
Definitely Versailles-style arms control measures, this time designed to be permanent. I don't see these as a good idea in the long run, but Russia has effectively lost its taste for military adventuriasm, and Germany's nuclear deterrent is far more effective than any treaty stipulations.
I'd see a shift akin to the OTL shift in Germany/Japan (and ITL France). They lost two wars, the last of them in nuclear fire, so anybody arguing for irredentism will be pointed to the german nukes - and the grumbling Emperor/Empress. As a de-facto protectorate it won't have the need for a big army, just a police force.
Edit: Just saw this, my brain hates me :-(
@carlton_bach whats the situation with prussian/german poles, my assumption would be they are educated better than the poles in poland. Maybe they look doen upon them for the nation is not aswell as everyone hoped also due to wealth and education have they come to dominate the polish economy. Also there situation germany there main part of the question has life improved?
In Poland they are "The German", while in Germany they are "The Pole". But yeah, they are probably looked upon with a mix of distrust and hope in Poland. But I don't think they get a dominant position in the polish economy. An important one, sure. But more as the middle(wo)men to the west than an outright force in Poland itself. Somehow I think the chief secretary of a company being a polish woman is going to be a staple in german TV (two not-exclusive varieties: Ms. My-eyes-are-up-here and Ms. You-are-so-slow-that-I-killed-50-russians-before-you-brushed-your-teeth)
And there are probably plenty of Poles who go to Germany to study, just to either stay there or bring back a german husband/wife (probably from the south...but then again, that sort of thing has been going on for a few centuries, so not much news there).