While the Americans had their gold rushes of the 1850s, in 1860 it would be the British Empire's turn when gold was discovered in New South Wales on the continent of Greater Australia. Prior to the
Australian Gold Rush, New South Wales had been predominantly a dumping ground for convicts and British adventurers with more ambition than sense. British Southern America had seen the lion's share of respectable migration in the first half of the 19th century, leaving New South Wales somewhat underpopulated. However, the discovery of gold in 1860 sparked for the first time a real interest in the distant continent. Within a year or so, Port Jackson and other ports were overwhelmed with ships bringing prospectors from around the Empire and the World to New South Wales. This led to increased strain on the traditional populations of New South Wales - the military and their families, convicts, the descendants of convicts, and the native Australians. Mainly pastoral, some of the old-time residents of New South Wales joined the gold rush, whereas others held themselves aloof from the prospectors, while yet others preyed upon them. Rule of law was hard to enforce in the wilderness and in the tent cities that sprang up to house the new prospectors.