Miscellaneous <1900 (Alternate) History Thread

What if Henry IV and Joanna of Navarre had had children? Perhaps a son and a daughter. How would that change the course of the Hundred Years War/War of the Roses?
The daughter could be married off to make an ally (Scotland might work). If the son marries and has issue then I could see him and his kids becoming advisors of Henry VI. Also, by having Richard further back in the succession it might humble/deter him from pressing his claim. If the Wars of the Roses still start, it would go on longer since there could possibly be 5 more male lancasters running around by 1460. It’s effect on the Hundred Years’ War depends on how competent the son and his kids are.
She was in her forties.
Anyway, they probably sire more Lancaster cadet lines. Maybe more Breton support for Lancasters?
She apparently was pregnant with twins in otl but both were stillborn.
 

Grey Wolf

Donor
If King George III didn't rescind his claim to the Kingdom of France as part of the union with Ireland, would there have been any real chance of the UK monarchs acting upon that claim during the Congress of Vienna after Napoleon was unseated? Not necessarily full-on forming a personal union, but using it as some form of justification to take, say, Calais for example?
I did write a little thing where they reclaimed Aquitaine, but everybody hated it
 
Random food/chemistry question. How early could margarine be invented? Considering it's just plant or animal fat processed with water, it seems plausible that it could've been invented far earlier than the late 19th century. Apparently the main obstacle is that hydrogenation, necessary to produce good-quality (for a given value of "good") margarine, requires a 19th century understanding of chemistry. HOWEVER, the Mege-Mouries process, the first margarine invented in the 1860s (at the request of Napoleon III to find a butter substitute for the French military), appears to not require anything more complex than baking soda (according to that article, the "agricultural gastric juice" was based on Mege-Mouries's misunderstanding). Producing pure baking soda (NaHCO3) seems to be impossible before the 19th century, but the precursors--natron, soda ash, etc.--are known preservatives since Antiquity and contain quantities of sodium bicarbonate and related chemicals.

Would this primitive margarine be edible and able to preserve anywhere near as well as even 19th century margarine? Obviously nobody with good access to real butter would want this, which leaves the urban poor, slaves, prisoners, and ship crews as the only real market. Assuming it's possible, would it have any appreciable effect on history, culture, or economies? Maybe it could be an export for areas reliant on fishing/whaling, given that margarine was often produced from fish oil/whale oil?
 
As someone who’s actively exploring this topic: What would be some possible effects of one or more state rejecting the ratification of the US Consitution (aside from a potential dissolution of the Union)? What are some potential interactions (including alliances and rivalries such as the possibility of New York and New Hampshire warring over Vermont) between states that could occur in the immediate aftermath of refusing to ratify the Constitution?
 
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Grey Wolf

Donor
As someone who’s actively exploring this topic: What would be some possible effects of one or more state rejecting the ratification of the US Consitution (aside from a potential dissolution of the Union)? What are some potential interactions (including alliances and rivalries such as the possibility of New York and New Hampshire warring over Vermont) between states that could occur in the immediate aftermath of refusing to ratify the Constitution?
Well some states delayed ratification for a long time, so would it have made much difference if one had rejected it?
 
Just run through Marx's referrence about the Roman plebs as "parasitic proletariat". Not sure how correct it is historically. But note that the Roman plebs did rely on bread and circus, after they joined the army, moved far away from Italy, and lost their farmlands to the rich landowners.
 
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Could Robert Fitzroy, Earl of Gloucester, have successfully claimed the crown after Henry I's death, and if he did, what would the immediate future look like?
 
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