I’m going to work on the votes of Republican electors next, but since that should be a pretty short update, does anyone have requests for a specific state they wanted to see the 1920 Congressional, Senate, or Governor Elections for?
1920: Progressivism Triumphant, the Fifth Party System and Beyond A Wikibox TL
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I think after the update on the electors that I’ll do Louisiana, then Oregon, then Texas.
Republican Electoral Votes
Though a Republican defeat was all but assured on Election Night, Warren Harding's sudden death threw electors from Republican states into chaos. In the month between the election in November and the meeting of electors in December, electors scrambled to find a suitable replacement for Harding. Electors in New England lined up behind Vice Presidential nominee Calvin Coolidge, while New Jersey's 14 electors supported Republican Senator Joseph S. Frelinghuysen.
1920 Presidential Electors in Republican States. Dark red electors voted for Calvin Coolidge, Orange electors voted for Frelinghuysen.
More interesting than the Presidential Votes were the Vice Presidential votes, which caused electors to line up behind a multitude of candidates. Connecticut electors went to Senator George P. McLean, and Vermont backed Senator Carrol S. Page. 3 of New Hampshire's 4 electors went to Henry W. Keyes, but one lone elector went to Herbert Hoover. Rhode Island backed a Senator as well, with LeBaron B. Colt taking all 5 electoral votes from the state. In New Jersey, electors couldn't vote for a Vice Presidential nominee from the state, as mandated by the 12th amendment. This led to Coolidge taking 8 electoral votes, but 4 going for Hoover, 1 going to Florence Harding, and 1 even going for the late Warren Harding.
1920 Vice Presidential Electors In Republican States. Blue electors voted for Calvin Coolidge, Yellow electors voted for George P. McLean, Lime electors voted for LeBaron B. Colt, Light Blue electors voted for Carrol S. Page, Teal electors voted for Henry W. Keyes, Gray electors voted for Warren Harding, Orange electors voted for Florence Harding.
1920 Presidential Electors in Republican States. Dark red electors voted for Calvin Coolidge, Orange electors voted for Frelinghuysen.
More interesting than the Presidential Votes were the Vice Presidential votes, which caused electors to line up behind a multitude of candidates. Connecticut electors went to Senator George P. McLean, and Vermont backed Senator Carrol S. Page. 3 of New Hampshire's 4 electors went to Henry W. Keyes, but one lone elector went to Herbert Hoover. Rhode Island backed a Senator as well, with LeBaron B. Colt taking all 5 electoral votes from the state. In New Jersey, electors couldn't vote for a Vice Presidential nominee from the state, as mandated by the 12th amendment. This led to Coolidge taking 8 electoral votes, but 4 going for Hoover, 1 going to Florence Harding, and 1 even going for the late Warren Harding.
1920 Vice Presidential Electors In Republican States. Blue electors voted for Calvin Coolidge, Yellow electors voted for George P. McLean, Lime electors voted for LeBaron B. Colt, Light Blue electors voted for Carrol S. Page, Teal electors voted for Henry W. Keyes, Gray electors voted for Warren Harding, Orange electors voted for Florence Harding.
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1920 House of Representatives in Louisiana
Louisiana, despite being a solidly Democratic state, saw the stranglehold Democrats had on the state loosen in 1920. With Democratic Representative Whitmell P. Martin, and Democratic Governor John M. Parker, both former Progressives, returning back to the Bull Moose, it seemed possible that insurgents could score upsets deep in the Solid South. However, the Socialists, Progressives, and Prohibitionists all ran into a major issue: they lacked candidates in deep blue Louisiana. This was certainly a problem in the rest of the country as well, but Louisana proved especially difficult. Louisiana Democrats ran candidates in all 8 districts, but all other parties could only manage runs in 3.
Results in Louisiana's First Congressional District
Results in Louisiana's Second Congressional District
Results in Louisiana's Third Congressional District
Results in Louisiana's Fourth Congressional District
Results in Louisiana's Fifth Congressional District
Results in Louisiana's Sixth Congressional District
Results in Louisiana's Seventh Congressional District
Results in Louisiana's Eighth Congressional District
Results in Louisiana's First Congressional District
| Democratic | James O'Connor | 100% |
Results in Louisiana's Second Congressional District
| Democratic | Henry Garland Dupre | 60.40% |
| Republican-Prohibition | Etienne J. Caire | 39.60% |
Results in Louisiana's Third Congressional District
| Progressive | Whitmell P. Martin | 59.10% |
| Democratic | Numa F. Montet | 40.90% |
Results in Louisiana's Fourth Congressional District
| Socialist | Huey Long | 52.10% |
| Democratic | John T. Watkins | 47.90% |
Results in Louisiana's Fifth Congressional District
| Democratic | Riley Joseph Wilson | 100% |
Results in Louisiana's Sixth Congressional District
| Democratic | Jared Y. Sanders Sr. | 100% |
Results in Louisiana's Seventh Congressional District
| Democratic | Ladislas Lazaro | 100% |
Results in Louisiana's Eighth Congressional District
| Democratic | James Benjamin Aswell | 100% |
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I'm thinking that the Oregon update will be done by around 3 days from now, so expect it this Thursday.
Think there’s a small typo in the box - you have the Republican/Prohibitionists as winning 1 seat.
Wait wait wait how did Long end up being a socialist here? Progressive or Prohibition, I could buy, but socialist? Especially considering they just reabsorbed a bunch of outright communists?
Socialists having a breakthrough in the south is interesting though.
I wonder if anyone is going to try enfranchising black people to get their votes considering the democrats are much less solid and would have a harder time stopping it.
Socialists having a breakthrough in the south is interesting though.
I wonder if anyone is going to try enfranchising black people to get their votes considering the democrats are much less solid and would have a harder time stopping it.
Long’s decision to become a socialist is mainly driven out of political opportunism. He’s heavily opposed to Prohibition (as Governor in OTL, when asked what he was doing to enforce Prohibition, Long responded “Not a d*mn thing”). His increasing amount of disagreements with Progressive Governor John M. Parker led him away from that party as well. Also, the relative lack of Socialists in the South, and the fact it has even more intra-party fighting than even the Democrats, led Long to run under the party.
Ah so pure opportunism, a textbook Long move. Yeah, I can buy that. I missed the fact the progressives were governor though. I would have expected it to be solidly democrat.
It's going to be interesting if Long sticks to the party purely opportunistically, and ends up adopting its stances... Purely opportunistically.
Expect Louisiana to get very interesting as we (hopefully) move through the twenties and into the thirties
I like interesting. Hopefully the socialists get a bit done, even if it's just a few local governments and coalitions with progressives.
1920 House of Representatives in Oregon
Much like the neighboring California and Washington, the Progressive Party was set up for success in Oregon. A respectable bench of candidates, as well as several defections from statewide officials, put the Progressives in a solid position for elections in 1920. Republicans were made to play defense, holding all three House seats as voters rebelled against them. Also in a similar position as in California and Washington was the Democratic Party, which pathetically ended up behind even the Prohibitionists, coming nowhere near winning a single seat. The Prohibition Party nearly won a seat, with Horse Rancher Bill Brown nearly winning in the state's Second District. Ironically, the Prohibition Party only ran candidates against the Representatives that voted in favor of Prohibition, failing to field a candidates in the Portland-based Third District. The Socialists placed Second in the First District, and although they didn't come close to winning the seat, the Socialist Party of Oregon took it as a sign of success in the future.
Election Results in Oregon's First Congressional District
Election Results in Oregon's Second Congressional District
Election Results in Oregon's Third Congressional District
Election Results in Oregon's First Congressional District
| Republican | Willis C. Hawley | 57.40% |
| Socialist | Harlin Talbert | 25.60% |
| Progressive | Charlie Babb | 10.50% |
| Prohibition | Bethenia Angelina Owens-Adair | 6.50% |
Election Results in Oregon's Second Congressional District
| Progressive | F.M. Gill | 29.222% |
| Prohibition | Bill Brown | 29.221% |
| Republican | Nicholas J. Sinnott | 25.40% |
| Democratic | James H. Graham | 16.16% |
Election Results in Oregon's Third Congressional District
| Progressive | A.W. Lafferty | 41.10% |
| Republican | Clifton N. McArthur | 28.10% |
| Socialist | C.E.S. Wood | 17.80% |
| Democratic | Esther Lovejoy | 13.00% |
The Texas update could take a bit longer than usual, due to the detail and amount of districts. I'm expecting it to take about 1-2 weeks. After that, I wanted to cover Missouri as well, which could also take a bit. Unless anyone else has requests for states after Missouri, then I'll start moving forward in time again.
1920 House of Representatives in Texas
Congressional Elections in Texas were different to the rest of the deeply Democratic South, though the end result was similar. The complete lack of Socialist party presence (except for former Socialist candidate for governor E.R. Meitzen) and the surprising performance of the "Wet" Democrats, a third party formed by former Governor James E. Ferguson. For a brief period around 1910, the Socialist Party was the second largest party in Texas, running ahead of Republicans in several races, but coming nowhere near the Democratic Party. But in 1917, Woodrow Wilson cracked down on Socialist Party activities, leading to The Rebel, the most prominent Socialist paper in Texas, ceasing publication. This led to the downfall of the Socialist Party in Texas State, but did not stop them from winning a Congressional seat, picking up the 9th District, largely thanks to the lack of a Progressive candidate. On the other end of the political spectrum was the "Wet" Democratic Party, which mainly served as a vehicle for disgraced Governor James E. Ferguson to run for Texas' 11th Congressional District.
Much like in other deep Southern states, the Democratic Party held strong, but the Progressives gained a handful of seats. Member of the Texas House and Progressive Democrat Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. won in the 14th District, being the most successful of the four winning Progressives, achieving over 40% of the vote. The most remarkable Progressive pickup was the 11th District, where Democratic votes were split between "Wet" Democrat James E. Ferguson, the Prohibition candidate, Tom W. Currie, and incumbent representative Tom Connally, Civil Rights Activist Monroe Alpheus Majors won out with a slim plurality as a Progressive candidate. This made him the first African-American elected to Congress in the 20th Century, and first African American Congressman from Texas. While this brought horror to the Democratic establishment in the state, it was much more concerning to Republicans. The Southern Black-and-Tan faction of the Republican Party largely split with Republicans, with many supporting Hoover, who played into this by heavily emphasizing his support for an Anti-Lyncing Law in his Presidential Campaign. Along with Majors, several other African-Americans ran for Congress under the Progressives, such as William Madison McDonald in the Third District. This left Republicans struggling more than usual in Texas, gaining no seats and only barely running ahead of the "Wet" Democrats. The Prohibition Party ran behind them both, but ended up gaining a Congressional Seat, thanks to son of Texas hero Sam Houston, Andrew Jackson Houston.
Results in Texas' First Congressional District
| Democratic | Eugene Black | 71.20% |
| Progressive | Robert Lee Henry | 17.30% |
| Prohibition | James H. Davis | 11.50% |
Results in Texas' Second Congressional District
| Democratic | John C. Box | 68.20% |
| Prohibition | Vinson Collins | 31.80% |
Results in Texas' Third Congressional District
| Democratic | Morgan G. Sanders | 77.20% |
| Progressive | William Madison McDonald | 18.60% |
| Republican | J.A. Butler | 4.20% |
Results in Texas' Fourth Congressional District
| Democratic | Sam Rayburn | 71.30% |
| Progressive | Edna Gladney | 20.40% |
| Republican | A. W. Acheson | 8.30% |
Results in Texas' Fifth Congressional District
| Democratic | Hatton W. Summers | 72.10% |
| Progressive | Margaret Bell Houston | 16.30% |
| Republican | J.O. Burleson | 11.60% |
Results in Texas' Sixth Congressional District
| Democratic | Rufus Hardy | 63.20% |
| "Wet" Democratic | Clyde Essex | 21.60% |
| Republican | D.H. Merril | 15.20% |
Results in Texas' Seventh Congressional District
| Democratic | Clay Stone Briggs | 93.20% |
| Republican | Frank S. Camper | 6.80% |
Results in Texas' Eighth Congressional District
| Prohibition | Andrew Jackson Houston | 39.10% |
| Democratic | Daniel E. Garrett | 34.60% |
| Progressive | M. H. Broyles | 26.30% |
Results in Texas' Ninth Congressional District
| Socialist | E.O. Meitzen | 35.10% |
| Democratic | Joseph J. Mansfield | 34.50% |
| Republican | J.W. Rugley | 30.40% |
Results in Texas' Tenth Congressional District
| Progressive | Ira Monroe Bennett | 36.90% |
| Democratic | James P. Buchanan | 33.90% |
| "Wet" Democratic | B.G. Neighbors | 29.20% |
Results in Texas' Eleventh Congressional District
| Progressive | Monroe Alpheus Majors | 27.80% |
| "Wet" Democratic | James E. Ferguson | 26.30% |
| Democratic | Tom Connally | 25.10% |
| Prohibition | Tom W. Currie | 20.80% |
Results in Texas' Twelfth Congressional District
| Democratic | Fritz G. Lanham | 74.50% |
| Republican | Sam Davidson | 25.50% |
Results in Texas' Thirteenth Congressional District
| Democratic | Lucian W. Parrish | 81.90% |
| Progressive | William Thomas Waggoner | 10.50% |
| Republican | C.W. Johnson | 7.60% |
Results in Texas' Fourteenth Congressional District
| Progressive | Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. | 41.30% |
| Democratic | Carlos Bee | 32.40% |
| Republican | Harry M. Wurzbach | 26.30% |
Results in Texas' Fifteenth Congressional District
| Democratic | John Nance Garner | 100% |
Results in Texas' Sixteenth Congressional District
| Progressive | Myra Carroll Winkler | 35.30% |
| Democratic | Claude Benton Hudspeth | 33.90% |
| "Wet" Democratic | Thomas Lea | 30.80% |
Results in Texas' Seventeenth Congressional District
| Democratic | Thomas L. Blanton | 72.70% |
| "Wet" Democratic | W.D. Cowan | 27.30% |
Results in Texas' Eighteenth Congressional District
| Democratic | John Marvin Jones | 100% |
Missouri should take less time than Texas so expect the next update (and final update for the 1920 Elections) to come out in no longer than a week.
1920 House of Representatives in Missouri
Prior to the Nomination of Herbert Hoover in June of 1920, it seemed 1920 would become the year Republicans became ascendant in 1920. With a national environment increasingly sour towards Democrats, the Grand Old Party was poised to make gains unseen since the 1890s in Missouri. But the Progressive Party threw a wrench into these plans. Republican candidate for governor Arthur M. Hyde, and Representative Leonidas C. Dyer both jumped ship to the Progressives, and the Progressives had a respectable field of candidates across the Show-Me State, with several figures influential in the early Progressive movement, Great War veterans, and local politicians. On the Democratic side, many of the entrenched representatives failed to hold on, and the retirement of Democratic leader Champ Clark hampered Democratic morale, though Clark protege Clarence Cannon succeeded him in the 9th district. This led to a complete massacre for both major parties in the house elections, with every single incumbent Republican, and all but two incumbent Democrats losing re-election.
Results in Missouri's First District
| Progressive | James E. Rieger | 39.20% |
| Democratic | Milton A. Romjue | 27.10% |
| Republican | Frank C. Millspaugh | 20.60% |
| Socialist | Clarence Snyder | 13.10% |
Results in Missouri's Second District
| Democratic | William W. Rucker | 45.20% |
| Republican | B.F. Beazell | 44.40% |
| Socialist | E.R. Anderson | 10.40% |
Results in Missouri's Third District
| Progressive | James H. Somerville | 33.90% |
| Democratic | Jacob L. Milligan | 33.10% |
| Republican | Henry F. Lawerence | 33.00% |
Results in Missouri's Fourth District
| Prohibition | Herman P. Faris | 28.20% |
| Republican | Charles L. Faust | 26.30% |
| Democratic | L.C. Gabbert | 26.10% |
| Socialist | E.M. Wormley | 19.40% |
Results in Missouri's Fifth District
| Progressive | Henry M. Beardsley | 34.30% |
| Republican | Edgar C. Ellis | 26.30% |
| Democratic | William Thomas Bland | 25.90% |
| Socialist | E.D. Hodges | 13.50% |
Results in Missouri's Sixth District
| Democratic | Clement C. Dickinson | 35.40% |
| Republican | William O. Atkeson | 34.20% |
| Socialist | Oscar S. Myers | 20.90% |
| Progressive | Sam Austin | 9.50% |
Results in Missouri's Seventh District
| Progressive | M. Waldo Hatler | 37.60% |
| Republican | Roscoe C. Patterson | 32.50% |
| Democratic | Samuel C. Major | 29.90% |
Results in Missouri's Eigthth District
| Progressive | Albert D. Nortoni | 32.10% |
| Republican | Sidney C. Roach | 30.90% |
| Democratic | William L. Nelson | 25.60% |
| Socialist | E.B. Kenney | 11.40% |
Results in Missouri's Ninth District
| Democratic | Clarence Cannon | 49.80% |
| Republican | Theodore W. Hukriede | 34.30% |
| Prohibition | Enoch A. Holtwick | 10.60% |
| Socialist | Harry Kelly | 5.30% |
Results in Missouri's Tenth District
| Progressive | Marguerite Martyn | 41.50% |
| Republican | Cleveland A. Newton | 40.20% |
| Socialist | W. M. Brandt | 18.30% |
Results in Missouri's Eleventh District
| Socialist | Frank P. O'Hare | 27.30% |
| Progressive | Joseph Folk | 27.10% |
| Democratic | Harry B. Hawes | 25.10% |
| Republican | Bernard P. Bogy | 20.50% |
Results in Missouri's Twelfth District
| Progressive | Leonidas C. Dyer | 54.20% |
| Socialist | Henry Siroky | 19.30% |
| Republican | Harry M. Coudrey | 18.20% |
| Democrat | Samuel Rosenfeld | 8.30% |
Results in Missouri's Thirteenth District
| Progressive | Carter M. Buford | 38.90% |
| Republican | Marion E. Rhodes | 31.20% |
| Democratic | A.T. Brewster | 18.60% |
| Socialist | Robert Short | 11.30% |
Results in Missouri's Fourteenth District
| Progressive | Rush Limbaugh | 27.10% |
| Republican | Edward D. Hays | 27.00% |
| Democratic | Robert L. Ward | 26.30% |
| Socialist | John Gardner | 19.60% |
Results in Missouri's Fifteenth District
| Prohibition | Perl D. Decker | 36.50% |
| Republican | Isaac V. McPherson | 31.40% |
| Socialist | W.H. McFall | 17.50% |
| Democratic | E.M. Roseberry | 14.60% |
Results in Missouri's Sixteenth District
| Republican | Samuel A. Shelton | 46.10% |
| Democratic | Thomas L. Rubey | 39.60% |
| Socialist | Henry M. Fouty | 14.30% |