Here the end of the ACW
The Invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania
The Confederates spent the rest of June and all of July and August preparing their forces and mopping up Union troops in North-West Virginia. By September, they were ready to invade Maryland. On September 4, 1862 the Army of Northern Virginia, led the their newly appointed commander General Robert E. Lee crossed the Potomac River north of Washington and advanced into Maryland. The Confederates had made good progress and Lee eventually divided his army into four parts as it moved deeper into Maryland. General McClellan began moving his 87,000 troops out of Washington on September 7 to stop the Confederate invasion. However McClellan did not realize that Lee had divided his troops. However his fortunes had turned when two Union scouts discovered a set of detailed plans about Lee’s movement throughout Maryland. McClellan learned that Lee had divided his army and he realized that he could catch up to the larger part of it near the town of Sharpsburg and possibly even defeat it. However McClellan took no action because he was worried that if he engaged Lee, he would bring together his divided forces and outnumber McClellan. As a result, the Army of the Potomac just followed Lee’s troops for the next several days into Pennsylvania.
The Battle of Hanover/Indian Run
McClellan finally engaged Lee’s Army at the little town of Hanover, Pennsylvania on September 14. This battle had all the makings of an epic battle, with several thousand men fighting on each side. The Army of Northern Virginia had been traveling up Frederick Street when the encountered the Army of the Potomac stationed there at about 10:00 AM. This led to a small battle between the Confederate scouts and the much larger Union force in the town. The Confederates then retreated down the road to tell the advancing column what had happened. South east of the town, Confederate cavalry encountered more Union troops. Meanwhile, the Army of the Potomac believed that the Confederate’s that they had just met were part of a small group of soldiers that had entered the area in search of supplies. As a result the Union army sent out it's own scouts to peruse the Rebels. However, they soon realized that the scouts were part of the main force of the Army of Northern Virginia. By noon, both armies had begun engaging each other. The Union army had begun the battle by sending about half of their soldiers into the fray but by three o’clock, they had deployed all of their forces just outside of Hanover along Frederick Street and were locked in a stalemate with the enemy. In an effort to break the deadlock, McClellan ordered his artillery to take up positions on a hilled cemetery and shell Confederate troops on the south side of Indian run. But, McClellan had made a huge mistake by not leaving enough men behind in the town itself to prevent anyone from striking from behind. Lee soon realized this and ordered his cavalry under the command of J.E.B. Stuart to sweep around the town and attack McClellan’s troops from behind. The plan was a stunning success and at five o'clock the Confederate Cavalry started to charge down Frederick Street from the
north while Lee’s troops advanced from the south and crossed the bridge that stretched Indian Run. The Union artillery opened fire on the bridge in an effort to stop the Confederate charge. After a few minutes, the Union batteries succeeded in knocking out the bridge. But this would prove to be a terrible mistake because Lee had intended for the Union artillery to destroy the bridge, thus trapping McClellan between J.E.B.’s cavalry and Lee’s troops. Upon realizing that they were surrounded, the Union troops either surrendered, or tried to cross the river while being fired upon by Confederate troops along the shore. The Battle of Hanover Run turned out to be a total disaster for the Union, especially moral wise. Within the next few days, Lees army marched unopposed into Baltimore. The war in the East, was over.
The War in Kentucky, Missouri and Louisiana
Following the disastrous battle of Shiloh, General Grant and the Army of the Ohio was forced to retreat deep into Kentucky because of Confederate attempts to take the state. In early July, Confederate General Braxton Bragg crossed the Tennessee-Kentucky border with hopes to secure the state for the Confederacy. His advance into Kentucky had been relatively unchecked and by mid August, his forces had occupied Lexington. Bragg then planed to move through Frankfort and take Louisville. However, the fleeing Army of the Ohio had arrived in Louisville first, this meant that Bragg would be forced to fight another battle. The two forces met at Frankfort on August 16. after several hours of heave fighting, the Confederates were forced to retreat, however despite the tactical victory for the Union, it was a strategic victory for the Confederacy because while the Union Army was drawn away from Louisville, Confederate Cavalry and some light foot soldiers occupied the city. This was a major morale boost for the Confederates. The victory would not last long though because the Union soon retook the city. Following this string of events, a stalemate would last until the end of the war. The situation in Missouri was almost the same as in Kentucky. The Union being forced to flee before the much smaller, but better led Confederate Army. In fact after the Battle of Pea Ridge, Brigadier General Samuel R. Curtis began a huge retreat across southern Missouri all the way to the Independence. All the while, they were harassed by Confederate raiding parties. Missouri was not the most ideal place to be stationed in as a Union soldier in the first place. Ever state the Confederates crossed the state line, the huge guerrilla war between Pro-Union and Pro-Confederate sympathizers that had been plaguing the state since it's government had tried to seceded from the United States back in 1861, grew even more intense. And despite the rise of Pro-Confederate forces in southern Missouri, Major General Earl Van Dorn and his Confederate Army could not advance past the Union stronghold at
Independence. So the Confederates called on Major General Sterling Price and his soon to be legendary Army of Missouri to make a raid parallel to the Mississippi River all the way to St. Louis and then west to Jefferson. Price met the call and in June his Army began “Price’s Raid” they soon drove through Union held Missouri and terrorized the Union held countryside. Price’s first major encounter with Union forces was on June 10 at Fort Davidson. This fort was crucial on the road to St. Louis. Following a quick Confederate victory, the Army of Missouri then moved on to Washington County and then encountered General Andrew J. Smith who was in change of the defense of the St. Louis area. The two cavalry armies met at the city of Potosi on June 14 in what was to be one of the largest cavalry battles west of the Mississippi River. Despite being a strategic stalemate, the Union forces were forced to withdraw because of a major Confederate attack on Independence further south. By June 17, the Confederate cavalry were just outside of St. Louis. With Union forces spread out so thin and with the extra Confederate reinforcements arriving from Texas, St. Louis fell on June 30 and Independence fell on August 1.
The Final Months Of The War
In the waning months of the war, Union morale was at its lowest point ever. Despite retaking Louisville and capturing New Orleans, Union forces elsewhere were falling apart. In Arizona, the Confederates had complete control, in Missouri, the cities of St. Louis and Independence had fallen and in Maryland, General Lee’s troops made camp in Baltimore. President Lincoln was desperate for a victory. His only chance to win the war was to take advantage of the Union toehold in Louisiana. The new strategy was to Follow the Mississippi River up to Vicksburg and the Red River to Shreveport. The Union Army of the Gulf set out on the “Louisiana Campaign” on August 1, the same day that the capital of Missouri fell to the Confederates. The campaign began very well and on August 10, the state capital of Baton Rouge fell. The next major battle occurred on August 16 at Yellow Bayou and was another Union victory. The situation was becoming a major distraction for the Confederates who were busy launching another attack on Louisville and trying to cross the Missouri River. The Army of Mississippi (The same army that was defeated during the Battle of New Orleans) was recalled from Kentucky on the 11 and by the 27th, had arrived In Vicksburg. Meanwhile, Elements of the Army of Missouri were dispatched to Shreveport to protect the new temporary capital of Louisiana. Following the battle of Yellow Bayou, the Army of the Gulf split in two, one heading to Vicksburg and the other to Shreveport. With subsequent Union victories on September 3 at Grand Ecore and September 12 at Mansfield, the city of Shreveport was just a few miles away. The Confederates made a last stand just outside of Shreveport on September 20. but failed to defend the city. The Union troops continued to make thier drive north. Meanwhile on the Mississippi River, the the second half of the army of the Gulf faced a stronger foe. The Army of the Mississippi was out to get revenge for the loss of New Orleans earlier that year. The Union army only managed to advance just south of Vicksburg before suffering a humiliating defeat at the hands of the Army of Mississippi in the battle of Vicksburg.
While all of this was happening, on the other side of the world two powers would make a decision that would settle the outcome of the war once and for all. After hearing the results of the war in Maryland along with other Confederate victories, the governments of both the Second French Empire and the British Empire discussed whether or not to recognize the C.S.A. On September 30, 1862 The government of London formally recognized the Confederate States of America . Becoming the first nation to do so. Paris followed suit on October 2. Within a month, several other nations recognized the new republic. There were some notable exceptions though. The Russian Empire, having been a long time enemy of England and a supporter of the USA during the war refused to recognize the Confederacy. Despite the refusal of Russia to recognize the Confederacy, the new nation had become allies with two of the strongest powers on the globe. President Lincoln realized that the war was virtually over, the next step that England and France would surely take would be to order the United States to make peace with the Confederacy. On October 19 they did just that. Lincoln tried in vain to keep the inevitable from happening, even arguing with the French and British ambassadors for 4 1/2 hours but by the end of the day, he was forced to agree to peace talks. At 10:00 AM eastern time October 20, a cease fire was declared all along the US-CS border. The next step was to draft a peace treaty.
The Treaty Of London
Following the cease fire, it was decided that London would be the site of the peace talks. Representatives from the USA, CSA, England , France, Italy, Austria, Prussia, Spain, Portugal and many others arrived to conclude a lasting peace. (Russia declined an invitation. Still being pro-Union it would, take two years for them to recognize the CSA) The major terms of the treaty were:
1.The United States of America were to recognize the Confederate States of America as an independent nation.
2.The United States of America were to recognize the states of Florida, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Texas, Missouri below the Missouri River (The Union kept the rest of the state and renamed it [I don't have a clue, any ideas?]) and Kentucky as Confederate states. The Indian Territory and the so-called Confederate Arizona Territory were given to the CSA as territories while the Union incorporated West Virginia as the 35 state.
3.Both sides were to swap all prisoners.
4.The Confederates were to withdraw from Maryland and any other Union territory north of the new boundary while the Union were to withdraw from Louisiana.
Following the signing of the Treaty of London on December 3, the United States government rejected a proposed amendment to the US constitution that would ban slavery from the rest of the Union. This move was made in order to keep the remaining slave states happy. The US government also unofficially moved the capital to Philadelphia. Congress would still meet in Washington and the President would still live there but if relations with the Confederates got hot, the US government would de-facto move to Philadelphia.
(Well thats the rest of the war! I'll post a map of NA when I can figure out what to name the Union half of Missouri, How about just North Missouri?)