After the deportation of
Toussaint Louverture in 1802, one of Toussaint's principal lieutenants,
Jean Jacques Dessalines, continued the fight for liberty because he remembered the declaration of
Toussaint Louverture:
“In overthrowing me, you have done no more than cut down the trunk of the tree of the black liberty in St-Domingue it will spring back from the roots, for they are numerous and deep.”
Dessalines defeated the French army numerous times.
Dessalines tried hard to keep the
sugar industry and
plantations running and producing without slavery. Born into slavery and having worked under white masters for 30 years, as well as having seen many atrocities by all peoples, Dessalines did not trust the white French people. Between February and April 1804, he had the white Haitian minority killed by ordering the
1804 Haiti Massacre. Dessalines declared Haiti an all-black nation and forbade whites from owning property or land there.
The United States President
Thomas Jefferson continued an arms and goods embargo against the new country. Due to the pressure of southern Congressmen, who feared their slaves being encouraged by the revolt, the United States refused to recognize Haiti's new government until 1867. Americans feared potential slave rebellions incited by free blacks and, after 1810, reduced the number of
manumissions in the South, which had increased markedly in the first two decades following its own Revolution.
What if Dessalines wasn't assassinated in 1806 and in 1815 did not fund Simon Bolivar but instead became principle backers of Liberia and its expansion. Dessalines hatred towards whites expands with the being forced to repay France for its independence following the treaty with Charles X in 1825 after his deployment of 14 ships.
From there more trade with Liberia from which haitian feeling towards whites spreads to liberia. Haiti raids and conquers coastal french enclaves along cote ivoire and aid the decidedly anti-british Ashante Empire to defeat the british attempts at colonization by 1840 a movement toward redevelopment has haitian scholars imported to the coast. an alliance is born. And a modernization movement grows on both the west african coast and in Haiti. In 1898 Spain draws the alliances ire with attrocities in cuba leading to the haitian spanish war in which madrid is burned and the canaries are taken. Independence movements supported by the successful alliance lead to British colonies independence isolating Great Britian(i can't think of a way to separate canada or australia).
I thought maybe something along these lines could start the process to create the threat that would terrify the British. They may feel that spain france and other colonizers failed to properly dominate native peoples and should let the British empire lead europe to victory. Most european countries refuse and the british mobilize to dominate them.