The Fall of the Commodian Empire (
index)
Ummidia Cornificia Faustina
Ergo, Mrs. "I have no dialogue then get crucified" from Gladiator
.
Ummidia Cornificia Faustina [1] (141-182) was a Roman noblewoman of the late 2nd century, a niece of the emperor Marcus Aurelius and wife of the general and tyrannicide
Decimus Aelius Meridius Maximus (link to post). Ummidia was complicit in a failed plot organised by Lucilla, her cousin and the sister of Marcus' successor Commodus, to assassinate Commodus and replace him with Lucilla's second husband, the ex-consul
Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus, and was first exiled then executed on the island of Capri in its aftermath.
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Early life
Ummidia was born to Annia Cornificia Faustina Major (not to be confused with Marcus Aurelius' daughter,
Annia Cornificia Faustina Minor) and the ex-consul Gaius Ummidius Quadratus Annianus Verus in 141, and had one brother,
Marcus Ummidius Quadratus Annianus. Through her mother, she was linked to the ruling Nerva-Antonine Dynasty; Quadratus would serve as consul in 167. Annia Cornificia Faustina Major died between 151-153, and Ummidia and Marcus Quadratus would split the family fortune, including one of the Cyllinian Estates in Pisidia between them, making them very wealthy at a young age.
Ummidia married Tiberius Claudius Gordianus, son of the first Cappadocian admitted into the Senate (by Marcus Aurelius) also named Tiberius Claudius Gordianus, and had one daughter with him by 165, a girl named
Annia Faustina. However she was apparently made to divorce Claudius Gordianus some time after Annia Faustina's birth, and married the famed general
Decimus Aelius Meridius Maximus, the son of a freedman from Hispania. She bore one child with him, a son named Publius Aelius Faustus. Annia Faustina left Ummidia and joined the family of Claudius Gordianus following the divorce, as part of the settlement which also let Claudius Gordianus keep most of the dowry.
Maximus and Ummidia were definitely already wed by the conclusion of Marcus Aurelius' Marcomannic War in 180, as it was in the capacity of Maximus' wife that she and Publius Aelius arrived at the emperor's encampment in Vindobona (modern Vienna), where she joined her cousins Commodus, Lucilla and Annia Cornificia amongst many other leading Romans. While she was not privy to the conference which Marcus Aurelius assembled with Maximus and his colleague
Gaius Livius Metellus outlining his bold plan to separate the offices of the Emperor amongst a proto-"cabinet" of officials including Maximus, she may have known of its general outlines.
At any rate, the plan was never executed due to Marcus Aurelius' sudden death, allegedly due to the Antonine Plague, although separate "authors" in the notoriously unreliable
Historia Augusta pin the blame on Commodus, his son and successor, or a cabal including Claudius Gordianus amongst others seeking to manipulate the young prince. Ummidia and her son returned to Rome shortly thereafter, but not Maximus, who remained at the Pannonian front as military governor.
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Reign of Commodus
While Commodus had inherited many of his father's advisors, including Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus (who had allegedly been offered one of the "offices of state" by Marcus Aurelius in Vindobona), the ex-consul Gaius Bruttius Praesens (his father-in-law) amongst others, he generally left the matters of state to his (apparently blind) eunuch Saoterus, who is condemned by "Antonius Mannus", one of the alleged authors of the
Historia Augusta, as Marcus Aurelius' assassin.
The means of death was apparently a knife poisoned only on one side and used to cut an apple; Saoterus ate the clean half and offered the emperor the poisoned half, killing him. Saoterus is further accused by Antonius Mannus as being the chief tool of a cabal including Claudius Gordianus and the future emperors Pescennius Niger and Didius Julianus; this claim is unverifiable and is probably falsified to further indict the two usurpers.
Dissatisfaction with this state of affairs (along with personal envy) led Lucilla to plot with Ummidia, her brother Quadratus, and Appius Claudius Quintianus, Pompeianus' nephew, to assassinate Commodus and Bruttia Crispina, his wife, and replace them with Pompeianus and Lucilla herself. Ummidia's motivations are unclear; perhaps she felt that Commodus had reneged on the arrangements of Marcus Aurelius to divide the offices of the Emperor, or she wished to remove Claudius Gordianus, who had pursued her ceaselessly after her return from Vindobona without Maximus, from her life altogether by destroying Saoterus' influence through Commodus.
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Downfall and death
The plot in 182 against Commodus, however, failed, with Appius Quintianus prematurely announced his intentions by vociferating "
This is what the Senate sends you" before brandishing his weapon, and Quintianus was easily subdued by Commodus' personal guard.
Quntianus and Marcus Quadratus were executed on the orders of Commodus, and Ummidia and Lucilla, along with Lucilla's daughter Plautia, were exiled to Capri, with the entirety of Ummidia's property confiscated and devolved to Annia Faustina. Commodus grew paranoid about Maximus, and effectively ordered his death at the same time that he sent a centurion of the Praetorian Guard to execute the three women later that year.
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Legacy
Maximus had managed to escape his death sentence, but could not reach Capri in time to save the lives of his wife and his child, who had been crucified by the time he got to their residence of exile. Although Maximus would be apprehended there and then, his identity was not revealed. Assumed to be a house-slave in a fit of temporary mania, Maximus was sold into the bondage of
Proximo, a former gladiator and now a manager of such games.
A decade later (according to Caledonius, another "author" of the
Historia Augusta), Maximus would finally revenge himself upon Commodus by slaying him in single combat in the Colosseum, but succumbed to his wounds immediately thereafter. He was hailed as
Liberator by the grateful Gaius Livius and Annia Cornificia and buried in the Catacombs of Rome along with the exhumed remains of Ummidia and Publius Aelius Faustus, reuniting the tragically unfortunate family after those many years.
[1]
A historical figure, albeit fictionalised into Maximus' wife here.
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That's the
Gladiator half of the story; we move on to
Fall of the Roman Empire next...