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timelines:lttw_10 [2015/05/23 07:42] – Thandetimelines:lttw_10 [2019/03/29 15:14] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ====== Look to the West : The Timeline ====== ====== Look to the West : The Timeline ======
  
 +This is the tenth page of the simplified timeline overview for //**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**//.
  
-===== Part 10: The Great American War (1849-1853) =====+---- 
 + 
 +==== Part 10: The Great American War (1849-1853) ====
  
  
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 The loyalist town of Whitefort falls to Carolinian rebel forces on the 12th, but is freed again by General Jones only two weeks later. In this part of Carolina the Americans are welcomed as liberators. Carolina has been cut in half, with North Province separated from the rest. The Americans seek to crush the Carolinian forces trapped in North Province by heading northward from their salient.  The loyalist town of Whitefort falls to Carolinian rebel forces on the 12th, but is freed again by General Jones only two weeks later. In this part of Carolina the Americans are welcomed as liberators. Carolina has been cut in half, with North Province separated from the rest. The Americans seek to crush the Carolinian forces trapped in North Province by heading northward from their salient. 
 +
 +The Celle Mutiny. With Charles III forced by treaty to continue funding the joint Bundesliga military even while dismissing entire regiments of his own troops on reduced pensions to pay his father's debts, the army mutinies against him in the garrison city of Celle. The Isolationsgebiet senses weakness and recognises the mutineers as overthrowers of an illegitimate government, moving in troops to support them. The Bundesliga alliance is activated. What will become known as the Unification War begins. 
  
 **March** - Georges Villon sends respected colonial officer Nicolas Bertrand to Nouvelle-Orléans with an ultimatum for Grand Duke Jean-Luc (the so-called //Vœu impardonnable//) which results in Bertrand being tarred and feathered before he is sent back with a Declaration of Independence. Villon vows to crush the revolt.  **March** - Georges Villon sends respected colonial officer Nicolas Bertrand to Nouvelle-Orléans with an ultimatum for Grand Duke Jean-Luc (the so-called //Vœu impardonnable//) which results in Bertrand being tarred and feathered before he is sent back with a Declaration of Independence. Villon vows to crush the revolt. 
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 **May** - First elections to County Corporates in Scotland (two years later than England and Wales). The bodies receive mixed responses from the Scots, with Donald Black's party calling for them to be combined into a single Scotland-wide body.  **May** - First elections to County Corporates in Scotland (two years later than England and Wales). The bodies receive mixed responses from the Scots, with Donald Black's party calling for them to be combined into a single Scotland-wide body. 
  
-Presidential election in the UPSA. Adamantine candidate Diego Luppi defeats Unionist Rodrigo del Prado, largely fought on Luppi's support for the Carolinian rebels. However the UPSA never becomes more than lukewarmly pro-California neutral, and in some ways will end up on the opposite side of the war. There is more bitter infighting between the Germanophile and Neo-Jacobin factions of the Colorado Party which finishes third. +Presidential election in the UPSA. Adamantine candidate Diego Luppi defeats Unionist Rodrigo del Prado, largely fought on Luppi's support for the Californian rebels. However the UPSA never becomes more than lukewarmly pro-California neutral, and in some ways will end up on the opposite side of the war. There is more bitter infighting between the Germanophile and Neo-Jacobin factions of the Colorado Party which finishes third. 
  
 **June** - The Batavian Dutch fleet raids and burns the Cochinchinese port of Tam Thang, where the Belgian Ostend Company has an outpost. This, together with Siamese army manoeuvres, leads to the Cochinchinese cutting ties with the Belgians.  **June** - The Batavian Dutch fleet raids and burns the Cochinchinese port of Tam Thang, where the Belgian Ostend Company has an outpost. This, together with Siamese army manoeuvres, leads to the Cochinchinese cutting ties with the Belgians. 
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 In theory a Virginian gubernatorial election should be held by this date, but Governor Owens-Allen spins out his term with parliamentary loopholes and talk of the 'ongoing emergency'--though this can only go on for so long. In theory a Virginian gubernatorial election should be held by this date, but Governor Owens-Allen spins out his term with parliamentary loopholes and talk of the 'ongoing emergency'--though this can only go on for so long.
 +
 +In the German lands, the High Saxons adopt the military doctrine of Franz von Nostitz, which sees them ignore a Belgian push into Grand Hesse in favour of a quick knockout blow against Swabia.
  
 **July** - French forces, led by the armourclad //Périclès// under Admiral Rivet and General Dufaux, attack Nouvelle-Orléans and rapidly seize control, abolishing slavery. "King" Jean-Luc takes those loyal to him and continues the fight from Baton Rouge. **July** - French forces, led by the armourclad //Périclès// under Admiral Rivet and General Dufaux, attack Nouvelle-Orléans and rapidly seize control, abolishing slavery. "King" Jean-Luc takes those loyal to him and continues the fight from Baton Rouge.
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 The Meridians attack the Anglo-American base on Falkland's Islands. Captain Benton tries to fall on his sword and take full responsibility for his actions 'acting independently' to avert war. However, a British trader, the //Toucan//, is fired on by the Meridians and returns fire. Benton is thus given no chance to surrender when he tries to give an explanation and the //Harrisville// is destroyed when a Meridian shell touches off its magazine. The so-called 'Second Cherry Massacre' means full-scale war between the UPSA and ENA is now inevitable.  The Meridians attack the Anglo-American base on Falkland's Islands. Captain Benton tries to fall on his sword and take full responsibility for his actions 'acting independently' to avert war. However, a British trader, the //Toucan//, is fired on by the Meridians and returns fire. Benton is thus given no chance to surrender when he tries to give an explanation and the //Harrisville// is destroyed when a Meridian shell touches off its magazine. The so-called 'Second Cherry Massacre' means full-scale war between the UPSA and ENA is now inevitable. 
 +
 +In the German lands, Bundesliga forces under Nostitz and Dalwigk bypass the Swabian armies and surround Stuttgart. 
  
 **August** - As part of his naval campaign to sweep up the Carolinian islands of the West Indies (many of which have rebelling slave populations), Admiral James Paul Warner of the ENA lands in Cuba. **August** - As part of his naval campaign to sweep up the Carolinian islands of the West Indies (many of which have rebelling slave populations), Admiral James Paul Warner of the ENA lands in Cuba.
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 General Alf Stotts, in command of the main body of Carolinian troops massing at Ultima, enacts a plan using intelligence networks, misinformation and an appropriated press balloon to organise a breakout of General Rutledge's troops in the north before they can be fully pocketed by General Jones' Imperial forces. General Alf Stotts, in command of the main body of Carolinian troops massing at Ultima, enacts a plan using intelligence networks, misinformation and an appropriated press balloon to organise a breakout of General Rutledge's troops in the north before they can be fully pocketed by General Jones' Imperial forces.
 +
 +In the German lands, King Frederick V of Swabia is offered an ultimatum, switch sides or see Stuttgart (its armies bypassed) burn. Frederick accepts the ultimatum, changing the balance in the Unification War.
  
 **September** - A French fleet from Bordeaux is sent to reinforce Dufaux and Rivet. In the course of its journey it intercepts near Aruba a ship carrying slaves out of Nouvelle-Orléans and ends up in a fight with patrol boats from the Republic of Guyana. This has the effect of souring Franco-Meridian relations. **September** - A French fleet from Bordeaux is sent to reinforce Dufaux and Rivet. In the course of its journey it intercepts near Aruba a ship carrying slaves out of Nouvelle-Orléans and ends up in a fight with patrol boats from the Republic of Guyana. This has the effect of souring Franco-Meridian relations.
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 General Stotts' plan is a great success, with Rutledge's forces escaping to the south and linking up with the main body. A furious General Jones pursues and the crucial Battle of Cravenville is fought. The close battle is decided when Jones is wounded and the Imperial forces retreat--as does the pragmatic Stotts, abandoning North and South provinces to the Imperials. The temporary loss of Jones means the Imperials lose the initiative in the war for crucial months, with command falling to the more cautious Generals Cushing and Day.  General Stotts' plan is a great success, with Rutledge's forces escaping to the south and linking up with the main body. A furious General Jones pursues and the crucial Battle of Cravenville is fought. The close battle is decided when Jones is wounded and the Imperial forces retreat--as does the pragmatic Stotts, abandoning North and South provinces to the Imperials. The temporary loss of Jones means the Imperials lose the initiative in the war for crucial months, with command falling to the more cautious Generals Cushing and Day. 
 +
 +Scandinavian/Nordic forces conquer the city of Bremen from the Bundesliga. As this was their primary war aim, their participation in the war tapers off after this point - fatally, given later events.
  
 **October** - Around this time, Haitian black rebels (many of them ultimately descended from the Haitian African Republic of Vincent Ogé from a half-century before) have seized control of the whole island of Hispaniola with some held from Admiral Warner and the Americans. Similar rebellions have taken over all of Jamaica except Kingstown but the situation in Cuba is more complex and the island seesaws between Carolinian loyalists, black rebels and Admiral Warner's forces. **October** - Around this time, Haitian black rebels (many of them ultimately descended from the Haitian African Republic of Vincent Ogé from a half-century before) have seized control of the whole island of Hispaniola with some held from Admiral Warner and the Americans. Similar rebellions have taken over all of Jamaica except Kingstown but the situation in Cuba is more complex and the island seesaws between Carolinian loyalists, black rebels and Admiral Warner's forces.
  
 With General Day advancing only cautiously, the remainder of the campaign season in Carolina is sacrificed in favour of both sides building up their forces--the Imperials bring in more troops via Charleston and the Carolinians enhance their railway network, build up Ultima's modern defences (the Alexander Line), put down slave revolts and recruit new soldiers. With General Day advancing only cautiously, the remainder of the campaign season in Carolina is sacrificed in favour of both sides building up their forces--the Imperials bring in more troops via Charleston and the Carolinians enhance their railway network, build up Ultima's modern defences (the Alexander Line), put down slave revolts and recruit new soldiers.
 +
 +**November** - All Bundesliga forces are now withdrawn from Swabia and turned on the Belgians in Grand Hesse. The war there in the industrial Ruhr area is miserable and bitter.
 +
 +**December** - After initial successes by the Neapolitans in the Patrimonial War, Tuscany revolts according to a plan by the Hapsburgs to restore its independence under Giovanni Tressino, who turns out to be a distant descendant of the Medicis. 
  
 **__1850__** **__1850__**
 +
 +**January** - The Uppsala Statskupp breaks out in Congress Sweden, with revolutionaries led by Mads Svedalius overthrowing the Russian puppet Stockholm Conspirator regime. Scandinavia responds by sending troops to reclaim Sweden in the Scandinavian War (though the Finnish lands remain under Russian-puppet control) and as a consequence is engaged elsewhere during crucial months of the Unification War.
 +
 +**February** - After some months of full retreat before the Hapsburgs and Tuscan rebels, the Neapolitans rally in the Patrimonial War under the leadership of Carlo Gennaro, Duke of Syracuse and brother of the King.
  
 **March** - Admiral Compton's British fleet (or rather his half of it) arrives in California. **March** - Admiral Compton's British fleet (or rather his half of it) arrives in California.
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 The American armourclad //Lord Washington// leaves Charlston harbour as Admiral Barker takes her out on a tour to sink Carolinian and Meridian ships in the Mediterranean, as the Meridians had been doing the same with their own armourclad //Antorcha de la Libertad//. In the event the two ships never meet. The American armourclad //Lord Washington// leaves Charlston harbour as Admiral Barker takes her out on a tour to sink Carolinian and Meridian ships in the Mediterranean, as the Meridians had been doing the same with their own armourclad //Antorcha de la Libertad//. In the event the two ships never meet.
 +
 +Commodore Cavendish's forces reach Bengal and are welcomed by the people of Calcutta who prefer even a continuation of British rule to the ravages of the Jihad. In the end they therefore never reach California.
 +
 +In India, Nurul Huq--who had helped the British in Bengal to stand against the Mahdi--is martyred by Mahdist mujahideen. His martyrdom dissuades many Bengalis from joining the Jihad.
  
 **April** - Around this time the First Riverine War in China peters out with a Feng victory, gaining control over the Yangtze River and Jiangnang (Nanjing). **April** - Around this time the First Riverine War in China peters out with a Feng victory, gaining control over the Yangtze River and Jiangnang (Nanjing).
  
 With the absence of the //Lord Washington// from Charleston, the rebel underground makes an assassination attempt on the military governor Sir Wallace Bennett, wounding him, and blows up several stores of powder. The //Lord Washington// returns and Admiral Barker cracks down ruthlessly, his forces incidentally offending a harmless inventor named Elias Watson. With the absence of the //Lord Washington// from Charleston, the rebel underground makes an assassination attempt on the military governor Sir Wallace Bennett, wounding him, and blows up several stores of powder. The //Lord Washington// returns and Admiral Barker cracks down ruthlessly, his forces incidentally offending a harmless inventor named Elias Watson.
 +
 +Frankfurt falls to the Belgians in the Unification War, helped by the use of Xylofortex shells. However, these powerful weapons also cause many civilian deaths and turn European public opinion against the Belgians for the 'Rape of Frankfurt'. 
  
 **May** - The First Siege of Ultima is broken when General Day retreats to Mildredville, his supplies exhausted by over a month of siege warfare. This is a huge morale boost for the Carolinians. **May** - The First Siege of Ultima is broken when General Day retreats to Mildredville, his supplies exhausted by over a month of siege warfare. This is a huge morale boost for the Carolinians.
  
 American forces attemtping to take Tucsón are repulsed by New Spanish toops under Rodrigo Valdés. American forces attemtping to take Tucsón are repulsed by New Spanish toops under Rodrigo Valdés.
 +
 +Battle of Gotland in the Scandinavian War. The Russian Baltic fleet is decisively defeated by the Nordics under Admiral Eric Gustavsson.
  
 **June** - General Day is removed from command by the Continental Parliament after his failure at Ultima and is replaced by Daniel Phelps. Phelps appoints the demoted Day to consolidating the Imperial position in North and South provinces. **June** - General Day is removed from command by the Continental Parliament after his failure at Ultima and is replaced by Daniel Phelps. Phelps appoints the demoted Day to consolidating the Imperial position in North and South provinces.
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 Naval Battle of Currituck between Captain Márquez of the Meridian ship //Venganza// and Captain Denison of the Imperial Navy. Márquez had strayed into Virginian waters and was retreating when he was successfully ambushed by Denison. This victory restores some American morale after the attack on the //Lord Washington// and lends support to the Unconditional Imperialists in the Continental Parliament. Márquez is court-martialled in the UPSA. Naval Battle of Currituck between Captain Márquez of the Meridian ship //Venganza// and Captain Denison of the Imperial Navy. Márquez had strayed into Virginian waters and was retreating when he was successfully ambushed by Denison. This victory restores some American morale after the attack on the //Lord Washington// and lends support to the Unconditional Imperialists in the Continental Parliament. Márquez is court-martialled in the UPSA.
 +
 +Kölner Aufstand breaks out in Cologne as the city and surrounding area revolt against the Belgians. The Bundesliga quickly intervenes to support them. 
  
 **August** - With the Carolinian and Santa Fe fronts having bogged down and Meridian naval forces beginning to have an impact in the West Indies, the Continental Parliament of the ENA passes the Conscription Act (1850) to supplement the Imperial army. This provokes riots in many American cities, especially in New England. **August** - With the Carolinian and Santa Fe fronts having bogged down and Meridian naval forces beginning to have an impact in the West Indies, the Continental Parliament of the ENA passes the Conscription Act (1850) to supplement the Imperial army. This provokes riots in many American cities, especially in New England.
 +
 +In the German lands, General Dalwigk of the Bundesliga successfully pushes back his Belgian counterpart General Ruyslinck against the Moselle in the Battle of Schweich. Ruyslinck was outmaneouvred due to being under the mistaken impression that the Bundesliga were planning to drive for Brussels.
  
 **September** - General Flores of the UPSA allows the Carolinians to produce cycloguns according to the Meridian patent. **September** - General Flores of the UPSA allows the Carolinians to produce cycloguns according to the Meridian patent.
 +
 +Trier is conquered by the Bundesliga forces. This apparently vulnerable salient is backed up by reinforcements from Bohemia.
  
 **October** - Meridian forces fighting in Carolina advance on two major axes, one aimed at Salisbury and the other at Tarborough. The Imperial forces are almost divided into three, but the middle portion escape to the western or eastern ones. These are gradually pushed back towards Whitefort and Newton. **October** - Meridian forces fighting in Carolina advance on two major axes, one aimed at Salisbury and the other at Tarborough. The Imperial forces are almost divided into three, but the middle portion escape to the western or eastern ones. These are gradually pushed back towards Whitefort and Newton.
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 The Northern March: General Jones' trapped troops push for the Virginian border, pursued by the Meridians and Carolinians. As they pass through Tarborough, Virginia finally holds its gubernatorial election, with Owens-Allen having put it off for as long as he can. His opponent Sir James Henry almost wins an absolute majority, but the present of the Maryland nationalist George Hume Steuart III in the race means he just falls short and according to Virginian law a runoff must be held. As this will trap Jones' troops against neutral Virginia for a few crucial weeks, the Continental Parliament organises a 'Velvet Coup' that installs Henry in power without a second round. Owens-Allen flees, but his VPB paramilitary goes to the Great Dismal Swamp and, together with the Meridians and Carolinians, manages to trap most of Jones' army anyway, taking Jones himself prisoner and badly damaging the Imperial war effort. Virginia is now joined with the rest of the Empire in the fight, but there remain many pro-Owens-Allen or pro-Carolinian partisans. The Northern March: General Jones' trapped troops push for the Virginian border, pursued by the Meridians and Carolinians. As they pass through Tarborough, Virginia finally holds its gubernatorial election, with Owens-Allen having put it off for as long as he can. His opponent Sir James Henry almost wins an absolute majority, but the present of the Maryland nationalist George Hume Steuart III in the race means he just falls short and according to Virginian law a runoff must be held. As this will trap Jones' troops against neutral Virginia for a few crucial weeks, the Continental Parliament organises a 'Velvet Coup' that installs Henry in power without a second round. Owens-Allen flees, but his VPB paramilitary goes to the Great Dismal Swamp and, together with the Meridians and Carolinians, manages to trap most of Jones' army anyway, taking Jones himself prisoner and badly damaging the Imperial war effort. Virginia is now joined with the rest of the Empire in the fight, but there remain many pro-Owens-Allen or pro-Carolinian partisans.
 +
 +In Italy, the tide appears to turn in the Neapolitan War when Duke Carlo Gennaro retakes Siena. The war turns cautious for some months.
 +
 +In the German lands, Frankfurt is retaken by the Bundesliga amid much fanfare. The Belgians are thrown back over the Rhine and the war grinds to a halt amid trench warfare misery in the Ruhr area. 
  
 **March**: Largely without their reluctant Meridian allies, the Carolinians under General Rutledge march north into Virginia towards Fredericksburg. Imperial forces, in disarray and confusion due to Virginia's still ambiguous and chaotic status and many of them only just having arrived, are defeated by the Carolinians at the Battle of Lunenburg. In the aftermath of this, Simon Studholme is removed from the leadership of the Patriot Party by the Unconditional Imperialist (peace and unity at any cost) MCP Francis Bassett. Bassett creates a pro-peace alliance consisting of both old Patriots and members of other parties and independents, including Mo Quedling's Pacific League.  **March**: Largely without their reluctant Meridian allies, the Carolinians under General Rutledge march north into Virginia towards Fredericksburg. Imperial forces, in disarray and confusion due to Virginia's still ambiguous and chaotic status and many of them only just having arrived, are defeated by the Carolinians at the Battle of Lunenburg. In the aftermath of this, Simon Studholme is removed from the leadership of the Patriot Party by the Unconditional Imperialist (peace and unity at any cost) MCP Francis Bassett. Bassett creates a pro-peace alliance consisting of both old Patriots and members of other parties and independents, including Mo Quedling's Pacific League. 
  
 In Old Spain, the pro-New Spanish loyalists under Serrano and Palafox are reduced to the 'White Triangle' of Seville-Badajoz-Granada, but divisions between the rebels means that they fail to make further progress and the war stalls. In Old Spain, the pro-New Spanish loyalists under Serrano and Palafox are reduced to the 'White Triangle' of Seville-Badajoz-Granada, but divisions between the rebels means that they fail to make further progress and the war stalls.
 +
 +News of the Great American War finally makes it to Cygnia and the Norfolk Incident breaks out: the small number of Virginian slaveholders who had moved there after the Virginia Crisis try to launch a coup under Thomson Arthur Mason. The coup fails and the slaveholders flee into the interior. 
  
 **April**: In China, Xie Bokang, Viceroy (i.e. warlord) of Sichuan, signs an agreement that brings formerly neutral Sichuan into the Feng sphere of influence, indicative of the Feng being on the rise. **April**: In China, Xie Bokang, Viceroy (i.e. warlord) of Sichuan, signs an agreement that brings formerly neutral Sichuan into the Feng sphere of influence, indicative of the Feng being on the rise.
 +
 +Leopoldo Rufolfo, Duke of Venice and younger son of King Leopold of North Italy, goes missing while leading a cavalry charge. His father grieves him but is more determined than ever to win the Patrimonial War as a result.
  
 **May** - General election in France returns the Rouges (now the Adamantine Party) under Dupuit to power, helped by the 'Threadbare' voter group who have suffered under Villon's economic policies. Villon continues as leader of the Verts in opposition. The Eden City of Paradis Terrestre in the Massif Central remains unfinished. As a consequence of Dupuit's victory, France's engagement in Louisiana is drawn down due to seeing defence against European wars (and profitable involvement in them) to be a far higher priority. **May** - General election in France returns the Rouges (now the Adamantine Party) under Dupuit to power, helped by the 'Threadbare' voter group who have suffered under Villon's economic policies. Villon continues as leader of the Verts in opposition. The Eden City of Paradis Terrestre in the Massif Central remains unfinished. As a consequence of Dupuit's victory, France's engagement in Louisiana is drawn down due to seeing defence against European wars (and profitable involvement in them) to be a far higher priority.
  
 Carolinian troops assail Fredericksburg (really, they only get as far as the surrounding counties, but that is how it is presented). Lord President Martin attempts to resign his post to Emperor Frederick II, but there is no sufficiently unifying alternative. Carolinian troops assail Fredericksburg (really, they only get as far as the surrounding counties, but that is how it is presented). Lord President Martin attempts to resign his post to Emperor Frederick II, but there is no sufficiently unifying alternative.
 +
 +In Italy, Princess Carlotta Dorotea runs away from home to see the Patrimonial War for herself. She travels to the fortress city of Ancona and is intrigued by a mysterious prisoner there held by Prospero Barberini without the King's knowledge. She communicates with the prisoner by notes and falls in love with him, then rescues him before Barberini can move him - only for it to turn out to be the captured Leopoldo Rufolfo, Duke of Venice. Barberini, who was plotting against the King, is arrested. The prince and princess from enemy powers continue to communicate in secret after the war.
  
 **June** - On the 16th, the Manhattan Massacre occurs. Angry young Iroquois/Howden men led by David Johnson, enraged by the increasingly anti-Indian policies of the Supremacists in New York and expressing solidarity with the Cherokee now fighting on the Carolinian side, stage an attack on the almost completed armourclad //Lord Hamilton// in harbour. The ship itself is damaged but its rockets are also fired (possibly half accidentally) at Manhattan Island and almost three thousand people are killed in the ensuing fires. A climate of public anger against the Iroquois explodes in New York and race riots break out. This is the beginning of the end for Iroquois/Howden independence. The Supremacist Speaker of the New York Assembly, Charles Avery, offers the Indians 'Avery's Choice' - be annexed to the Confederation and treated the same as other citizens, or leave. **June** - On the 16th, the Manhattan Massacre occurs. Angry young Iroquois/Howden men led by David Johnson, enraged by the increasingly anti-Indian policies of the Supremacists in New York and expressing solidarity with the Cherokee now fighting on the Carolinian side, stage an attack on the almost completed armourclad //Lord Hamilton// in harbour. The ship itself is damaged but its rockets are also fired (possibly half accidentally) at Manhattan Island and almost three thousand people are killed in the ensuing fires. A climate of public anger against the Iroquois explodes in New York and race riots break out. This is the beginning of the end for Iroquois/Howden independence. The Supremacist Speaker of the New York Assembly, Charles Avery, offers the Indians 'Avery's Choice' - be annexed to the Confederation and treated the same as other citizens, or leave.
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 In Spain, Estebán de Vega secures French support for the Spanish revolutionaries, who are still unable to eject the New Spanish loyalists from the White Triangle. In Spain, Estebán de Vega secures French support for the Spanish revolutionaries, who are still unable to eject the New Spanish loyalists from the White Triangle.
 +
 +In Italy, North Italian Hapsburg forces implement a plan that sees them driving west from Perugia to the sea and pocketing Duke Carlo Gennaro's Neapolitan army in Grosseto.
  
 **October**: The last Carolinian troops are driven south back over the Virginian border. Lord President Peter Martin, never really up to his role in the war, is found to have hanged himself. Former Liberal leader John Vanburen is asked by the Emperor to take over the government, despite being a divisive figure and his party having fewer seats in the coalition than the Supremacists. **October**: The last Carolinian troops are driven south back over the Virginian border. Lord President Peter Martin, never really up to his role in the war, is found to have hanged himself. Former Liberal leader John Vanburen is asked by the Emperor to take over the government, despite being a divisive figure and his party having fewer seats in the coalition than the Supremacists.
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 **December** - Santa Fe is retaken from the New Spanish for the ENA by Dorsey. **December** - Santa Fe is retaken from the New Spanish for the ENA by Dorsey.
 +
 +In Italy, an attempt by the Neapolitans to rescue their troops pocketed in Grosseto by sea is foiled when their navy is defeated by the North Italian Hapsburgs at the Battle of Follonica Bay.
 +
 +In the German lands, after months of inconclusive bitter war in the Ruhr area, the Treaty of Trier sees Belgium's exit from the Unification War, having lost considerable territory to Grand Hesse and Low Saxony but retaining half the industrial Ruhr area. The troops on both sides in the Ruhr celebrate with the 'Game of Peace' football match. The Nordic Empire is now the only remaining Isolationsgebiet member in the fray against the Bundesliga. 
  
 **__1852__** **__1852__**
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 The last New Spanish loyalists surrender to the French in Old Spain. With Portugal having collapsed into revolution, the pre-Jacobin Wars borders are restored and Spain gets back the remainder of Galicia. The last New Spanish loyalists surrender to the French in Old Spain. With Portugal having collapsed into revolution, the pre-Jacobin Wars borders are restored and Spain gets back the remainder of Galicia.
  
-**April** - General election in Great Britain (DETAILS LATER)+**April** - General election in Great Britain. There is much public anger over the 'tail wagging the dog' over the Great American War, the failure to prevent the formation of new powers in Europe, and an argument over Temperance that saw pro-drinking Populists cross over to the Moderates. The Regressives lose power, with the ramshackle alliance that is the Moderates taking power under Stephen Watson-Wentworth as President of the Council of Government.
  
 The last organised anti-Imperial resistance in western Carolina is crushed by General Cushing when Nashborough falls. Kleinkrieger activity continues to a lesser extent. The Army of Whitefort goes on to push into the northern Cherokee Empire lands and occupy them.  The last organised anti-Imperial resistance in western Carolina is crushed by General Cushing when Nashborough falls. Kleinkrieger activity continues to a lesser extent. The Army of Whitefort goes on to push into the northern Cherokee Empire lands and occupy them. 
  
 A Spanish Republic is declared in Madrid, but is soon beset by deadlocked, nonfunctional government due to disagreements between the leaders of different rebel factions. French influence plays a major role there. A Spanish Republic is declared in Madrid, but is soon beset by deadlocked, nonfunctional government due to disagreements between the leaders of different rebel factions. French influence plays a major role there.
 +
 +In Italy, Carlo Gennaro finally surrenders to the Hapsburgs surrounding his last holdout position in Grosseto. The war comes to an end soon afterwards.
  
 **June**: The town of St-Jean in Louisiana falls to the French under General Dufaux after much bitter fighting. It is dominated by Canajun exiles and its fall dents their reputation as invincible elite fighters. This convinces Jean-Luc to take the battle to the enemy, beginning the //Bataille des Bayous//, a series of skirmishes in the rural swampland where the Louisiana rebels have the advantage. **June**: The town of St-Jean in Louisiana falls to the French under General Dufaux after much bitter fighting. It is dominated by Canajun exiles and its fall dents their reputation as invincible elite fighters. This convinces Jean-Luc to take the battle to the enemy, beginning the //Bataille des Bayous//, a series of skirmishes in the rural swampland where the Louisiana rebels have the advantage.
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 **July** - After some particularly bloody anti-Indian actions, Charles Avery's Supremacists are removed from power in New York by a Patriot-Liberal alliance under Augustus Delacey. The level of New York's punitive policies against the Iroquois/Howden is scaled back, but it is already too late: blood has been shed and many Iroquois (as they are henceforth known) have already left while those who remain are known as Howden. **July** - After some particularly bloody anti-Indian actions, Charles Avery's Supremacists are removed from power in New York by a Patriot-Liberal alliance under Augustus Delacey. The level of New York's punitive policies against the Iroquois/Howden is scaled back, but it is already too late: blood has been shed and many Iroquois (as they are henceforth known) have already left while those who remain are known as Howden.
 +
 +William Wyndham dies months after leaving office.
 +
 +Bundesliga forces eject the Nordics from all of Low Saxony and then, according to the Nostitz Doctrine, turn their full force on their one remaining foe.
 +
 +**August** - Treaty of Cagliari formally ends the Patrimonial War. The Hapsburgs recognise Pope Innocent's Benevento Settlement but Tuscany becomes an independent republic under Hapsburg influence.
  
 **September** - Imperial American naval forces are repulsed from Charleston in a fruitless attempt to replicate the easy victory of Admiral Barker four years before. In the wake of this defeat, Emperor Frederick II announces he will now finally appoint a new Lord Deputy rather than doing the role himself. **September** - Imperial American naval forces are repulsed from Charleston in a fruitless attempt to replicate the easy victory of Admiral Barker four years before. In the wake of this defeat, Emperor Frederick II announces he will now finally appoint a new Lord Deputy rather than doing the role himself.
 +
 +Bundesliga forces conquer the Billungian capital of Hamburg as many Billungians revolt against the Nordic government. King Christian flees by sea.
  
 **October**: After a series of victories and defeats, 'King' Jean-Luc of the Louisiana rebels is slain on the battlefield by the French. The Louisiana rebellion begins to collapse, though not all of the pre-war colony will return to French hands. **October**: After a series of victories and defeats, 'King' Jean-Luc of the Louisiana rebels is slain on the battlefield by the French. The Louisiana rebellion begins to collapse, though not all of the pre-war colony will return to French hands.
Line 202: Line 263:
  
 **May** - Congress of Demerara settles the postwar situation in the former New Spanish lands. Despite being at odds elsewhere, the American and Meridian negotiators under Jenkins and Mateováron forge an unholy alliance to damage New Spain, with a large independent California being carved out and much former New Spanish territory going to the ENA. The settlement is generally regarded as being better for the ENA than the UPSA. **May** - Congress of Demerara settles the postwar situation in the former New Spanish lands. Despite being at odds elsewhere, the American and Meridian negotiators under Jenkins and Mateováron forge an unholy alliance to damage New Spain, with a large independent California being carved out and much former New Spanish territory going to the ENA. The settlement is generally regarded as being better for the ENA than the UPSA.
 +
 +Bundesliga forces, push the Nordics back to the ancient Danevirke defence. 
  
 **July** - Plebiscite in Carolina. Almost everywhere the vote is rigged either in favour of Kingdom by the Meridian troops there or Confederation by the American troops there. As a consequence, although the vote was intended to be all-or-nothing (and Kingdom narrowly edged ahead on that score) this effectively is treated as an endorsement for the Amerian-occupied parts being a restored Confederation and the Meridian-occupied parts being an independent Kingdom. Relations between the ENA and UPSA cool to freezing point as a result but the pro-peace government of Bassett is unwilling to go to war again. They lose credibility with the ENA voting public. **July** - Plebiscite in Carolina. Almost everywhere the vote is rigged either in favour of Kingdom by the Meridian troops there or Confederation by the American troops there. As a consequence, although the vote was intended to be all-or-nothing (and Kingdom narrowly edged ahead on that score) this effectively is treated as an endorsement for the Amerian-occupied parts being a restored Confederation and the Meridian-occupied parts being an independent Kingdom. Relations between the ENA and UPSA cool to freezing point as a result but the pro-peace government of Bassett is unwilling to go to war again. They lose credibility with the ENA voting public.
 +
 +The Bundesliga breaks through the Danevirke. Although the Nordics inflict considerable losses, Nordic public opinion held the Danevirke to be impregnable and morale collapses as a result.
  
 **October** - With Emperor Frederick II refusing to take the throne of the independent Kingdom of Carolina and Wragg being unwilling to embrace a republic as the Meridians suggest, Duncan Beauchamp suggests the recuperating Owens-Allen - popular in Carolina - take it instead. **October** - With Emperor Frederick II refusing to take the throne of the independent Kingdom of Carolina and Wragg being unwilling to embrace a republic as the Meridians suggest, Duncan Beauchamp suggests the recuperating Owens-Allen - popular in Carolina - take it instead.
 +
 +Nordic forces successfully prevent the Bundesliga crossing to the island of Als.
  
 **November** - Henry Frederick Owens-Allen is crowned King of Carolina at the age of 57 to huge protests in America and especially Virginia. He marries Governor Wragg's sister Susanna. **November** - Henry Frederick Owens-Allen is crowned King of Carolina at the age of 57 to huge protests in America and especially Virginia. He marries Governor Wragg's sister Susanna.
  
 +Bundesliga forces under Nostitz reach the top of Jutland proper at Ålborg (later Aalburg) but are defeated when they try to cross to the northern island. The Unification War peters out soon afterwards under French mediation.
 +
 +----
  
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 +
 +**[[lttw 11#Proceed to Part 11: "The Long Peace"]]**
  
 **[[timeline_for_look_to_the_west#Return to LTTW Timeline index page]]** **[[timeline_for_look_to_the_west#Return to LTTW Timeline index page]]**
timelines/lttw_10.1432381374.txt.gz · Last modified: 2019/03/29 15:19 (external edit)
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