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====== Resources: Language Help - Various European languages ======

Various other (especially more minor) European languages.

==== Celtic languages ====

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/language/celtic/index.php|Overview of Celtic languages at Omniglot.com]]**

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/language/celtic/comparison.htm|Comparison of Celtic languages at Omniglot.com]]**

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/language/celtic/connections/index.php|Celtic cognates at Omniglot.com (1)]]**

**[[http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/|Celtic cognates at Omniglot.com (2)]]**

=== Breton ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breton_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/irish.htm|Breton overview at Omniglot]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/breton|Breton given names]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/medieval-breton|Medieval Breton given names]]**

=== Cornish (Kernewek/Kernowek) ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornish_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/cornish.htm|Cornish overview at Omniglot]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/cornish|Cornish given names]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/medieval-cornish|Medieval Cornish names]]**

=== Irish (Irish Gaelic) ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/irish.htm|Irish Gaelic overview at Omniglot]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/irish|Irish (Irish Gaelic) given names]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/medieval-irish|Medieval Irish given names]]**

=== Manx (Manks, Gaelg, Gailck) ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manx_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/manx.htm|Manx overview at Omniglot]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/manx|Manx given names]]**

=== Scottish Gaelic ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/gaelic.htm|Scottish Gaelic overview at Omniglot]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/scottish-gaelic|Scottish Gaelic given names]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/medieval-scottish|Medieval Scottish given names]]**

=== Scots ===

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/scots|(Lowland) Scots given names (1)]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/scottish|(Lowland) Scots given names (2)]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/medieval-scottish|Medieval Scottish given names]]**

=== Welsh (Cymraeg, y Gymraeg) ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/welsh.htm|Welsh (Cymraeg) overview at Omniglot]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/welsh|Welsh (Cymraeg) given names]]**

**//Historical forms of Welsh:// \\
[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Welsh|Old Welsh]] (//Hen Gymraeg//, 8th-12th century) \\
[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Welsh|Middle Welsh]] (//Cymraeg Canol//, 12th-15th/16th century)**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/medieval-welsh|Medieval Welsh (Cymraeg) given names]]**

=== Extinct Celtic languages ===

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/cumbric.htm|Cumbric overview at Omniglot]]**

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/gaulish.htm|Gaulish overview at Omniglot]]**

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/iberian.htm|Iberian/Lusitanian overview at Omniglot]]**

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/lepontic.htm|Lepontic overview at Omniglot]]**

**[[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/iberian.htm#sws|Tartessian overview at Omniglot]]**

----
==== Other Indoeuropean languages ====

=== Lithuanian ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/lithuanian|Lithuanian given names]]**

=== Latvian ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latvian_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/latvian|Latvian given names]]**

=== Extinct Baltic languages ===

  * **[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curonian_language|Curonian]]** (16th century)
  * **[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galindian_language|Galindian]]** (possibly similar to Old Prussian)
  * **[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Prussian_language|Old Prussian]]** (early 18th century)
  * **[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selonian_language|Selonian]]** (16th century)
  * **[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semigallian_language|Semigallian]]** (16th century)
  * **[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudovian_language|Sudovian/Yotvingian]]** (ca 17th century)

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/medieval-baltic|Medieval Baltic names]]** - Lists known medieval names from the east Baltic coast, in various local languages and dialects.

=== Albanian ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/albanian|Albanian given names]]**

=== Greek ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_dialects|General overview of Ancient Greek dialects]]**

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varieties_of_Modern_Greek|General overview of Modern Greek dialects]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/ancient-greek|Ancient Greek names]]** - Lists known ancient names from Greek antiquity. 

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/late-greek|Late Greek names]]** - Lists known ancient and medieval names from late antiquity and early medieval Greek (Byzantine Greek).  


----

==== Ugrofinnic languages ====

=== Estonian ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/estonian/description/estonian|Estonian given names]]**

=== Finnish ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/finnish|Finnish given names]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/medieval-finnish|Medieval Finnish given names]]**

=== Hungarian ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/hungarian|Hungarian given names]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/medieval-hungarian|Medieval Hungarian given names]]**

=== Minor Finno-Ugric languages ===

//**Ingrian/Izhorian**//

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrian_language|General overview]]**

//**Karelian**//

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karelian_language|General overview]]**

//**Livonian**//

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livonian_language|General overview]]** (extinct since 2013, survives via revival)

//**Ludic**//

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludic_language|General overview]]**

//**Veps/Vepsian**//

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veps_language|General overview]]**

//**Votic/Votian**//

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Votic_language|General overview]]**

----

==== Uralic languages ====

=== Sámi ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_languages|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/sami|Sámi given names]]**

=== Skolt (Finnish Sámi) ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolt_Sami_language|General overview]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/sami-skolt|Skolt given names]]**

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==== Jewish/Hebrew dialects and hybrid dialects ====

Jewish languages and dialects used in Europe, including hybrid Hebrew-Indoeuropean language dialects.

=== Judeo-Germanic hybrids ===



=== Judeo-Romance hybrids ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Latin|La'az/Ebraico-Latino (Judeo-Latin)]]** (Rome and Italy; extinct)

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages|Italkian (Judeo-Italian)]]** (Italian speaking lands; extant but marginal)

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/judeo-italian|Italkian (Judeo-Italian) given names]]**

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuadit|Shuadit (Judeo-Occitan/Judeo-Provençal)]]** (Occitan-speaking regions; extinct)

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/judeo-provencal|Shuadit (Judeo-Occitan/Judeo-Provençal) given names]]**

**[[|Judeo-Catalan]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/judeo-catalan|Judeo-Catalan given names]]**

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish|Ladino (Judeo-Spanish)]]** (Spanish-speaking Europe; extant)

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/judeo-spanish|Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) given names]]**

=== Judeo-Slavic hybrids ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knaanic_language|Knaanic]]** (Judeo-Czech; used in the Czech lands; extinct)

=== Other ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevanic_language|Yevanic]]** (Judeo-Hellenic; used in Greece and the eastern Mediterranean; extant but marginal)

----

==== Non-Indoeuropean languages ====

European languages with a different ancestry than Indoeuropean or Ugrofinnic.

=== Basque ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_language|General article]]**

**[[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/medieval-basque|Medieval Basque names]]** - Lists known medieval names from various Basque dialects. 

=== Etruscan ===

**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_language|General article]]**

**[[http://lexicity.com/resources/etruscan/dictionaries/|Etruscan Dictionaries]]**

**[[http://etruscans1.tripod.com/Language/|Etruscan Glossary]]**

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==== See Also ====

**Other language help articles: \\ [[Language Help - Period and dialect English|Period and dialect English]] | [[Language Help - German|German]] | [[Language Help - French|French]] | [[Language Help - Italian|Italian]] | [[Language Help - Latin|Latin]] | [[Language Help - Russian|Russian]] | [[Language Help - Other Germanic languages|Other Germanic languages]] | [[Language Help - Other Romance languages|Other Romance languages]] | [[Language Help - Other Slavic languages|Other Slavic languages]] | [[Language Help - African languages|African languages]] | [[Language Help - Native American languages|Native American languages]]**

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==== Navigation ====

**[[resources:resources#language_help_and_advice|Language Resources and Help]]**

**[[resources:resources|Useful Resources Main Directory]]**