offtopic:american_party_system
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offtopic:american_party_system [2015/06/26 23:53] – Gaius Julius Magnus | offtopic:american_party_system [2019/03/29 15:13] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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Also known as the Founding era, Era of Good Feelings, | Also known as the Founding era, Era of Good Feelings, | ||
- | **Main Parties:** Federalists, Jeffersonian Republicans (Democratic-Republicans). | + | **Main Parties: |
**Minor but notable third parties:** None | **Minor but notable third parties:** None | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Issues of the era**: Hamiltonian Banking plan, Support/ | ||
Existing from 1792 to 1824 and was characterized by political conflict between the first official political parties in U.S. history, the Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans (now known as the Democratic-Republicans). Though in comparison to modern day they more resembled large factions than centralized organized parties, nominating candidates through caucuses not conventions. | Existing from 1792 to 1824 and was characterized by political conflict between the first official political parties in U.S. history, the Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans (now known as the Democratic-Republicans). Though in comparison to modern day they more resembled large factions than centralized organized parties, nominating candidates through caucuses not conventions. | ||
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The War of 1812 and Jeffersonian Republicans weren' | The War of 1812 and Jeffersonian Republicans weren' | ||
- | Monroe' | + | Monroe' |
- | One notable event near the end of the era however would the Missouri Compromise, where on a deal the newly petitioned territory of Missouri would be let in but only if the free-state of Maine was let in to balance out the Senate in terms of states that supported slavery and state' | + | One notable event near the end of the era however would the Missouri Compromise, where on a deal the newly petitioned territory of Missouri would be let in but only if the free-state of Maine was let in to balance out the Senate in terms of states that supported slavery and state' |
- | + | ------ | |
- | **Issues of the era**: Hamiltonian Banking plan, Support/ | + | |
====Second Party System==== | ====Second Party System==== | ||
Also known as the Age of Jackson, Antebellum era, | Also known as the Age of Jackson, Antebellum era, | ||
- | **Main Parties:** The Democratic Party, the Whig Party | + | **Main Parties:** The Democratic Party and the Whig Party (originally the Whigs were known as the National Republican Party before it merged with several other anti-Jacksonian forces like the Anti-Masons, |
- | **Minor but notable parties:** The Anti-Masonic Party, the Know-Nothings, | + | **Minor but notable parties:** The Anti-Masonic Party, |
- | **Issues of the era**: Voting expansion (to all white men, not just property holders), slavery, Jackson' | + | **Issues of the era**: Voting expansion (to all white men, not just property holders), immigration, slavery, Jackson' |
+ | |||
+ | The First Party System came to an end with the election of 1824 that saw the once-dominant Jeffersonian Republicans divided between four different people vying for the Presidency; John Q. Adams (son of John Adams), Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and William Crawford. This split was due to the various groups with different beliefs now under the Republican banner as it was the only relevant national political organization around. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Neither candidate gained the required majority in the Electoral College and so it went to the House to be decided. Adams was declared President despite not having a plurality of the vote in either the popular or electoral college. It is believed this is due to Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, giving his support to Adams in exchange for the Secretary of State position (a stepping stone the White House during those days). Jackson and his supporters were infuriated by this and made life rather miserable for the second Adams presidency, blocking almost everything he wanted to get passed in Congress and essentially running a four year Presidential campaign against him. Eventually all culminating in an electoral victory for Jackson in 1828. It is here that we begin seeing the formation of the Democratic Party, a lot of it being behind the scenes work done by future President Martin Van Buren, with it's main base of support being in the southern states and the (at that point) western states. | ||
+ | |||
+ | It is also here that the opposition to Jackson began to form (usually united almost solely by their dislike of Jackson), which eventually became to known as the Whig Party. The name Whig was derived from a common term that Patriots used to refer to themselves during the American Revolution. It indicated hostility to the British King during the Revolutionary War, and the American Whig Party used it as a sign they opposed "King Andrew" | ||
+ | |||
+ | Originally the pro-Adams and pro-Clay men were the National Republican Party, obviously taking their name from the recently broken Republican Party. They lost the 1828 and 1832 election before merging with a few factions, such as the Anti-Masonic Party (whose views on protectionism and internal improvements closely mirrored the National Republicans) and some disgruntled Southern Jacksonian' | ||
+ | |||
+ | The only two men the Whigs ever elected were career soldiers, William Henry Harrison in 1840, and Zachary Taylor in 1848. Both also died (1841 and 1850 respectively). The Whigs never were really a united party, and continued losses on the bank, expansionist, | ||
+ | |||
+ | The third parties of this era were eclectic to say the least. The Anti-Masons were a group dedicated to finding the scourge of Masonry they felt was destroying American Republicanism. Ironically their sole Presidential nominee (Attorney General William Wirt) was a former Freemason and argued on their behalf, saying they were mostly good Americans who would never place their beliefs over the country. He became the first member of a third party to win a state in a Presidential election (Vermont). The Anti-Masons were so similar to the National Republicans that they merged with them into the Whig Party. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The other third party of the late-1820' | ||
+ | |||
+ | In the 1840's the Liberty Party started, a minor abolitionist party who's only claim to fame was possible swinging the 1844 election. Nominee James Birney might have spoiled the results in New York and less significantly Michigan. If all of his votes went to Whig nominee Henry Clay, the election would have swung to him and the resulting decades would have played out very differently. | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1848 would see the formation of the Free-Soil Party from anti-slavery Northern Democrats, Northern Whigs, and the Liberty Party during the debate over whether slavery should be allowed in the newly won western territories from the Mexican-American War. While opposed to slavery, it was not entirely an abolitionist party but more worried on free men being unable to economically compete with slaves if they were allowed in the western territories. Nominated former Democratic President, Martin Van Buren, for the head of the ticket in 1848 where they got almost 10% of the vote. Also sent nine Representatives and two Senators to the Congress for the 1849 - 1851 term. It would eventually merge with the Republican Party in 1854 to broaden the chances of opposition to slavery and the Democrats. Many former Free-Soilers would go on to be important figures in the early years of the Republican Party such as John Fremont (the first nominee of the Republican Party), Salmom Chase (Treasury Secretary in the Lincoln Administration and a Chief Justice), Charles Sumner (a Radical Republican Senator from Massachusetts). | ||
+ | ----- | ||
====Third Party System==== | ====Third Party System==== | ||
- | **Main Parties: The Democratic Party, the Republican Party** | + | Also known as the Civil War era, Gilded Age, |
+ | |||
+ | **Main Parties**: The Democratic Party and the Republican Party (National Union Party) | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Minor but notable parties**: The American Party (better known as the Know-Nothings), the Constitutional Unionists, the Liberal | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Issues of the era**: The Civil War, emancipation and right' | ||
+ | |||
+ | With the sudden shock death of the Whig Party, and the inflammation of slavery as the overriding issue | ||
+ | |||
+ | The later half of the 1850's proved an important time for the slavery, as anti-slavery forces slowly converged into the Republican Party (named after the Jeffersonian Republicans). It was a merger of northern Know-Nothings, | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1856 was the first election the Republicans, | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Know-Nothings bled themselves pretty hard, losing 2/3rds of their House caucus to the Republicans. They won over 20% of the popular vote in the Presidential election of 1856 and won Maryland' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Come the 1858 elections the Republicans won a plurality in the House, and held the Governors office in most of the Northern states. Come 1860 they managed to win the Presidency without a single vote in the Deep South. Their nominee was former Whig Representative of Illinois, Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln beat Stephen Douglas, a long time Democratic nemesis in Illinois; John C. Breckinridge, | ||
+ | |||
+ | The war was the come, as between the casting of the ballots in November, and Lincoln' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Throughout the next four years the United States battled not only the Confederacy, | ||
+ | |||
+ | When Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Eventually the war was won, three amendments were passed barring slavery in the United States, giving blacks citizenship, | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | [to be filled later] | ||
- | **Minor but Notable Parties**: The Populist Party, the Greenback Party | ||
====Fourth Party System==== | ====Fourth Party System==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Also known as the Progressive Era. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | **Main Parties**: The Democratic Party and the Republican Party | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Minor but notable parties**: The Progressive Party (1912), the Socialist Party, the Progressive Party (1924). | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Issues of the era**: Gold standard or bimetallism, | ||
====Fifth Party System==== | ====Fifth Party System==== | ||
+ | **Main Parties**: The Democratic Party and the Republican Party | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Minor but notable parties**: The Dixiecrat Party, the Progressive Party (1948), and the American Independent Party. | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Issues of the era**: The Great Depression, the New Deal, Isolationism and WW2, Red Scare, the Cold War and Soviet expansion, the Korean War, the Civil Right' | ||
====Sixth Party System==== | ====Sixth Party System==== |
offtopic/american_party_system.1435377231.txt.gz · Last modified: 2019/03/29 15:15 (external edit)