| Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revisionNext revisionBoth sides next revision |
| alternate_history:alternate_terminology [2020/08/08 08:31] – petike | alternate_history:alternate_terminology [2020/08/15 19:25] – [Nuclear power] petike |
|---|
| |
| **[[timelines:What Madness Is This?]]**: "Autocarriage". | **[[timelines:What Madness Is This?]]**: "Autocarriage". |
| | |
| | |
| | ===== Chaos theory ===== |
| | |
| | **//[[OTL]]//**: "Disorder / Mayhem Theory". Chaos comes from the Greek //khainein// meaning "to yawn". In ancient Greek mythology, Chaos was the initial state of the universe, which was highly disorganized. The modern (and usual) meaning of the term was established later in Antiquity by the Stoicist school of hellenistic philosophy. A common example used while referring to the Chaos Theory itself, is "the [[alternate history:butterfly effect]]" (a single wave of a butterfly's wings in a park in London could theoretically influence weather patterns and cause a drizzle in Tokyo, etc.). |
| | |
| | **[[timelines:Cliveless World]]**: "Weather Mathematics". Referencing the oft-cited butterfly example of OTL. |
| | |
| | **[[timelines:gurkani_alam_mughal_world|Gurkani Alam (Mughal World)]]**: "Teoria do Ponto Inicial". Portuguese for "Initial Point Theory". |
| | |
| | ===== Chlorine ===== |
| | |
| | **//[[OTL]]//**: "Chlorine". From the Greek word //khloros//, which means "pale green". First hypothesised by Carl Scheele in 1774, not definitively isolated until Michael Faraday liquefied it in 1821. |
| | |
| | **[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Muriatine", a back-formation from the fact that the old name for hydrochloric acid (before chlorine was discovered) was "muriatic acid", meaning 'salty' (as it was made from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid, or sea salt and oil of vitriol as they were known at the time). |
| |
| ===== Cold War ===== | ===== Cold War ===== |
| |
| **[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Cotton-thresher". | **[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Cotton-thresher". |
| |
| ===== Chaos theory ===== | |
| |
| **//[[OTL]]//**: "Disorder / Mayhem Theory". Chaos comes from the Greek //khainein// meaning "to yawn". In ancient Greek mythology, Chaos was the initial state of the universe, which was highly disorganized. The modern (and usual) meaning of the term was established later in Antiquity by the Stoicist school of hellenistic philosophy. A common example used while referring to the Chaos Theory itself, is "the [[alternate history:butterfly effect]]" (a single wave of a butterfly's wings in a park in London could theoretically influence weather patterns and cause a drizzle in Tokyo, etc.). | |
| |
| **[[timelines:Cliveless World]]**: "Weather Mathematics". Referencing the oft-cited butterfly example of OTL. | |
| |
| **[[timelines:gurkani_alam_mughal_world|Gurkani Alam (Mughal World)]]**: "Teoria do Ponto Inicial". Portuguese for "Initial Point Theory". | |
| |
| ===== Chlorine ===== | |
| |
| **//[[OTL]]//**: "Chlorine". From the Greek word //khloros//, which means "pale green". First hypothesised by Carl Scheele in 1774, not definitively isolated until Michael Faraday liquefied it in 1821. | |
| |
| **[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Muriatine", a back-formation from the fact that the old name for hydrochloric acid (before chlorine was discovered) was "muriatic acid", meaning 'salty' (as it was made from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid, or sea salt and oil of vitriol as they were known at the time). | |
| |
| ===== Comic (book)s ===== | ===== Comic (book)s ===== |
| **[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Sequents", singular "a sequent". Nobody is quite sure if this is an abbreviation for 'sequential art' (see above) or a mistaken back-formation from less educated people assuming that 'sequence' was the plural form (i.e. thinking it was //sequents//) and therefore 'a sequent' is the singular. | **[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Sequents", singular "a sequent". Nobody is quite sure if this is an abbreviation for 'sequential art' (see above) or a mistaken back-formation from less educated people assuming that 'sequence' was the plural form (i.e. thinking it was //sequents//) and therefore 'a sequent' is the singular. |
| |
| | **[[timelines:Amerindian Arbalists]]**: "Bandesines" (a "bandesine" is the singular, meaning a single comic strip or single comic book issue). A colloquial contraction of the French term //[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e|bande dessinée]]//, the common French term in OTL as well. |
| |
| ===== Crossbows ===== | ===== Crossbows ===== |
| |
| **//[[OTL]]//**: The English term for this archery weapon refers to its shape and appearance, as the bow attached to the tiller/stock of the weapon forms a roughly cross-like shape. Many Romance languages use a similar term for the weapon, e.g. //arbalète// in French, which is still frequently used nowadays). The Romans seemed to have invented the common European "rolling nut" crossbow in late antiquity and their term for it was //arcuballista// (roughly, "bow-thrower", "bow-launcher"). Some Germanic language speaking nations share a similar term for a crossbow, e.g. //Armbrust// in German and //Armbrost// in Swedish (the name referring to propping the crossbow against one's breat and holding it at arm's length while shooting). Western Slavic languages refer to a crossbow with similar names, e.g. kusza (Polish), or by the more archaic term //samostriel//, //samostrel//, with similar terms also existing in south and east Slavic languages. Hungarian coined its term based on this Slavic linguistic influence, a crossbow being a számszeríj (roughly "tool-bow", "mechanical bow", "self-shooting bow"). | **//[[OTL]]//**: The English term for this archery weapon refers to its shape and appearance, as the bow attached to the tiller/stock of the weapon forms a roughly cross-like shape. Many Romance languages use a similar term for the weapon, e.g. //arbalète// in French, //balestra// in Italian, //ballesta// in Spanish, //besta// in Portuguse, and even //aрбале́т (arbalet)// in Russian and Ukrainian. In English itself, an //arbalest// refers to a late-medieval, steel-bowed crossbow, and an //arbalist// is a synonym for "crossbowman". The Romance term originates in Latin. The Romans seemed to have invented the common European "rolling nut" crossbow in late antiquity and their term for it was //arcuballista// (roughly, "bow-thrower", "bow-launcher"). Some Germanic language speaking nations share a similar term for a crossbow, e.g. //Armbrust// in German and //Armbrost// in Swedish (the name referring to propping the crossbow against one's breast and holding it at arm's length while shooting). Some Germanic languages are exceptions to this, Dutch using //kruisbog// (similar to English) and Icelandic using //lásbogi// ("lockbow"), which seems to be an older Scandinavian term for the weapon (referring to its mechanical trigger, i.e. lock). Western Slavic languages refer to a crossbow with similar names, e.g. //kusza// (Polish), //kuše// (Czech) or //kuša// (Slovak), or by the more archaic term //samostriel//, //samostrel// ("self-shooter"), with similar terms also existing in south and east Slavic languages (e.g. Russian //самострел//). Hungarian coined its term based on this Slavic linguistic influence, a crossbow being a //számszeríj// (roughly "tool-bow", "mechanical bow", "self-shooting bow"). |
| |
| **[[timelines:Amerindian Arbalists]]**: "Tiller-bow" or "Trunk-bow" are the two commonest variations on the general Native American term for an independently invented New World crossbow, the terms translated loosely and used in a variety of Native American languages. Depending on the two crossbow lock styles known in the Americas, crossbows are are also called "thumb-bows" (if the trigger is a small, thumb-sized wooden lever at the top) or "peg-bows" (if the trigger is a bottom-mounted lever that pushes a rising wooden peg upward). The simple term "wall-bow" is used for more oversized native crossbows reserved for siege defence, functionally identical to similar large but portable wall crossbows seen in older European and Chinese history. | **[[timelines:Amerindian Arbalists]]**: "Tillerbow" or "Trunkbow" are the two commonest variations on the general Native American term for an independently invented New World crossbow, the terms translated loosely and used in a variety of Native American languages. Depending on the two crossbow lock styles known in the Americas, crossbows are also called "thumb-bows" (if the trigger is a small, thumb-sized wooden lever at the top) or "peg-bows" (if the trigger is a bottom-mounted lever that pushes a wooden peg upward). The simple term "wall-bow" is used for more oversized native crossbows reserved for siege defence, functionally identical to similar large but portable wall crossbows seen in older European and Chinese history. |
| |
| **[[timelines:The Westward Wind]]**: Crossbows derived from designs brought along by the European castaways of the story are referred to as "claw-bows" or "tooth-bows" by the Native American cultures the shipwrecked crew comes into contact with. These unusual names reference the strange appearance of the rolling nut part of the crossbows' mechanism. Historical rolling nuts, carved from antler or forged from steel, often had the appearance of a little wheel with two protruding "tooths" or "claws" at the front, with a gat between them. (The two protrusions held the bowstring of the crossbow, while the gap between them was used to place the blunt back end of a crossbow bolt, to ensure the steadiest possible release.) | **[[timelines:The Westward Wind]]**: Crossbows derived from designs brought along by the European castaways of the story are referred to as "clawbows" or "toothbows" by the Native American cultures the shipwrecked crew comes into contact with. These unusual names reference the strange appearance of the rolling nut part of the crossbows' mechanism. Historical rolling nuts, carved from antler or forged from steel, often had the appearance of a little wheel with two protruding "tooths" or "claws" at the front, with a gap between them. (The two protrusions held the bowstring of the crossbow, while the gap between them was used to place the blunt back end of a crossbow bolt, to ensure the steadiest possible release.) |
| |
| ===== Cybernetics ===== | ===== Cybernetics ===== |
| |
| **[[timelines:Ad Astra Per Aspera]]**: "Macroserv". It is used strictly for military purposes and lacks a civilian version. | **[[timelines:Ad Astra Per Aspera]]**: "Macroserv". It is used strictly for military purposes and lacks a civilian version. |
| | |
| | **[[timelines:Amerindian Arbalists]]**: "OrbisMesh". From the Latin //orbis// ("world") and mesh, i.e. World-Mesh. |
| |
| **[[timelines:Chaos]]**: "Weltsystem". //Welt// is German for 'world' and "system" refers to the computer networks. (See above) | **[[timelines:Chaos]]**: "Weltsystem". //Welt// is German for 'world' and "system" refers to the computer networks. (See above) |
| |
| **//[[OTL]]//**: As with nuclear weapons below, comes from the fact that the reaction involves splitting atomic //nuclei//. Earlier on (from 1920s speculation up to the 1950s and 60s reality) it was more commonly termed 'atomic power', and the phrase 'splitting the atom' was often used. | **//[[OTL]]//**: As with nuclear weapons below, comes from the fact that the reaction involves splitting atomic //nuclei//. Earlier on (from 1920s speculation up to the 1950s and 60s reality) it was more commonly termed 'atomic power', and the phrase 'splitting the atom' was often used. |
| | |
| | **[[timelines:Amerindian Arbalists]]**: "Kernel energy". |
| |
| **[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: Nuclear reactors are referred to as "Paradox engines", based on one classically educated scientist's quip that "splitting the atom" is an oxymoron or paradox as the word "atom" means "indivisible". LTTW also uses 'carytic' as an adjective equivalent to 'nuclear' (from karyos, the Greek word for 'nut', which is used in OTL to mean nucleus in another sense when classifying cells as eukaryotic or prokaryotic). | **[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: Nuclear reactors are referred to as "Paradox engines", based on one classically educated scientist's quip that "splitting the atom" is an oxymoron or paradox as the word "atom" means "indivisible". LTTW also uses 'carytic' as an adjective equivalent to 'nuclear' (from karyos, the Greek word for 'nut', which is used in OTL to mean nucleus in another sense when classifying cells as eukaryotic or prokaryotic). |
| |
| **[[timelines:A Brother to Dragons]]**: "Atomics". | **[[timelines:A Brother to Dragons]]**: "Atomics". |
| | |
| | **[[timelines:Amerindian Arbalists]]**: "Kernel bombs". |
| |
| **Down in the Bottomlands**: "Starbomb". From the fact that nuclear reactions also happen in stars. | **Down in the Bottomlands**: "Starbomb". From the fact that nuclear reactions also happen in stars. |
