[FONT="]Chapter nine: For the cause[/FONT]
Early January 593 AD was a busy time for the city of Rome as empress Constantina organized the creation of huge public baths in order to improve the living conditions and Huygens of ordinary people. She was hoping that by improving the living conditions that people would be healthier and disease wouldn’t spread quickly. In order to enact her plan the empress along with the emperor paid for the repair of the Aqua Claudia and Anio Novus aqueducts. These aqueducts were the main suppliers of water to the city of Rome and each project would take at least several years to complete. At the same time several hundred skilled artisans and military engineers were brought in from Carthage to the port of Ostia Antica that was the main port that served Rome in order to begin immediate repairs on it. The port was located on the mouth of the Tiber River and at the height of the Roman Empire in the second century AD was used to import and export goods from and to Rome.
However following the decline of and eventual collapse of the western empire the port was largely neglected with a few thousand inhabitants. Like the city of Rome it was a mere shadow of its former self but slowly under emperor Maurice the empire was being rebuilt better then ever before. The emperor hoped that by reconstructing the port that was another long-term project he could revive the local economy and allow trade to expand once again. The reconstruction of all of these buildings and locations was also a message and a political one to the pope and Lombards that weakened or not the Romans are here to stay and that they weren’t leaving any time soon.
By March of 593 AD the Romans had effectively cut Lombard controlled Italy in half after the previous years campaigns against the Lombard duchies of Spoleto that controlled most of central Italy and the duchy of Benevento. As the Italian situation improved the emperor ordered the Legio II Cyrenica to march on the City of Capua that was controlled by the duchy of Benevento. Capua was captured after several weeks although the Legio II Cyrenica did suffer heavy causalities. Capturing Capua was not about the military situation but was a favor to the pope.
For all of there troubles the Lombards were a Germanic tribe who originated from Scandinavia and wondered around for a long time. In the 520s and 530s they served under the legendary Roman general Narses as a mercenaries. At first the general was grateful for the extra manpower but then he found the Lombards to be too savage too out of control and they were shipped out. Two decades later for the Romans a series of unfortunate events in Europe such as the Avars coming to power and the plague of Justinian resulted in the Lombards along with several of their allies conquering huge parts of Italy.
The strategic situation in Italy was increasingly tilting towards the Romans all backed by two military legions in the area. As the Roman army easily captured Capua in May of 593 Ad they then stopped and waited for the emperor who met them inside the city and told the people “Your suffering is now over the senate and the people of Rome are here with you”. In terms of central Italy the emperor was planning to knock two birds with one stone and he already set plans in motion. A few weeks following the capture of Capua and surrounding areas the duke of Benevento was assassinated by one of his noble men due to his inability to deal with the Romans.
Following the untimely death of the ruling dukes the nobles started fighting among each other and as that happened cities all over southern and central Italy rose up usually eliminating Lombard garrisons and pledging allegiance to the empire. By mid June of 593 AD the Legio II Cyrenica besieged Benevento as Lombard rule in southern Italy collapsed.
A month later the city surrendered in exchange for mercy. The emperor didn’t execute the Lombads who were in the city instead he made a nobleman by the name of Aistulf duke of the city under Roman super vision. The remaining Lombard troops would be dispersed to various fronts like the Middle East and Africa. In order to keep the Lombards of of Benevento in check the emperor issued a decree that stated that any Lombard who serves outside of Italy would be given Roman citizenship in ten years.
Despite the strings of constant successes in Italy the emperor left for Constantinople by ship from southern Italy in July of 593 AD. This is because the Slavs and other tribes had breached the defenses in the western banks of the Danube River and were ravaging the countryside. Before leaving Italy the emperor reorganized Italy into two exarchs the fist would be the exarch of Ravenna that would govern northern Italy and the Exarch of Rome would govern central and southern Italy from Rome. Dividing Italy into two exarchs was both a strategic decision because it would allow the emperor to select an experienced general who could deal with the Lombards who controlled northern Italy. Also dividing Italy into two made sure no governor could be powerful enough to challenge Constantinople.
The emperor gave the senate in Rome the ability to choose its governor and levy taxes over the exarch of Rome but with 20% of taxes going to Constantinople. However the emperor appointed half the senators in Rome and the new exarch was an Italian by the name of Flavius Varanius who was of aristocratic background and had military experience serving in the emperor Italian campaign. Choosing an Italian was a way to extend an olive branch to the Italians that they were not ruled by foreign Greeks instead that were ruled by a powerful empire that they were a part of.
Although southern Italy was now stable the center was still a bit unstable because they duchy of duchy of Spoleto was still a threat that the new exarch had to deal with. Emperor Maurice arrived in Sicily in July of 593 AD as part of his tour and took the opportunity to relax for a while there. Sicily was part of Italy but was rued by the Exarch of Africa and it was a stable, peace and extremely prosperous area. The emperor was encouraged to visit Heraclius in North Africa but couldn’t because of the Balkans. Finally arriving in Constantinople in August of 593AD the emperor returned to a city that was enjoying peace and was fairly prosperous. He wasn’t going to go to the Balkans because Emperor Maurice was exhausted from his Italian adventures and was getting tired of constantly traveling long distances.
The emperor order general Priscus to continue campaign across the Danube in the winter a decision that the general disobeyed because the troops were exhausted from constant cat and mouse games with the Slavs. Priscus was also exhausted and didn’t want the troops to mutiny. In winter of the year 593 AD the front was quite but the emperor was furious at the actions of the general and dismissed him in February of 594 AD the general replaced him with Germanus an incompetent general who would be a disaster for the empire in the coming year.
Economically the eastern territories were recovering fairly quickly and were becoming once again centers of economic trade kept by sound economic policies and with a lot of stability. The population was also recovering quickly with many flocking to Egypt in order to participate in the construction of Maurices canal that would connect the red sea and the Madeteranian.
Situation in Madeteranian around February of 594 AD. Roman empire in dark purple, Visigothic kingdom in blue, Main lombard duchies in pink, other lombard duchies in yellow, duchy of Spoleto in green (Central italy). Persian empire in red
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