Huey Long Lives
What if Long lived and seized the Presidency?
1936: Huey Long / Homer T. Bone (Share Our Wealth) [1]
1940: Huey Long / Home T. Bone (Share Our Wealth) [2]
1944: Fiorello La Guardia / Joe Guffey (Independent) [3]
1948: Huey Long / William Lemke (Share Our Wealth) [4]
1949: Sam Rayburn (Democratic) [5]
1952: John Gilbert Winant / Nelson Rockefeller (Republican / Progressive) [6]
1955: John Gilbert Winant / Harry Truman (Republican / Democratic) [7]
1956: John Gilbert Winant / Harry Truman (Republican / Democratic) [8]
1960: Richard Nixon / Stuart Symington (Progressive / Democratic) [9]
1964: Richard Nixon / Lyndon Johnson (Progressive / Democratic) [10]
1968: Richard Nixon / Lyndon Johnson (Progressive / Democratic) [11]
1971: John Ashbrook / John Connally (Conservative) [12]
1975: Edwin Edwards/Lyndon Johnson (Share Our Wealth/Progressive) [13]
[1] Huey Long narrowly avoided assassination in 1935, and campaigned against Roosevelt from the left. Due to the slumping economic situation, 'Share Our Wealth' jumped into power and flooded sympathetic Representatives and Senators into government.
[2] Due to restrictions in campaign finance and well-organized scandals against the Opposition, Long was returned to government and intimidated the Supreme Court into the passing of radical legislation. Many believed the comfortable victory was reinforced by the outbreak of war in Europe, as many sided with the President regarding his foreign policy. Long took a strong belligerent stance against Nazi aggression, and threatened to intervene the United States for the Allied cause.
[3] With the increasing instability of the Long regime, Long himself began to alienate the moderate American public with his alternating views on intervention. Following the New Orleans Harbour Explosion, Long pledged the United States to the war; by 1944, Long had almost been assassinated twice but was determined to run for an unprecedented third term. Concerned with his positive prospects, the anti-liberals threw their support behind Fiorello La Guardia (mayor of New York). Heading an independent ticket, the non-Long alternative was endorsed by the Democratic Party whilst the Republicans adopted Taft as an option. La Guardia would successfully take the Presidency in a narrow race, whilst a tired Long declared he would stand in 1948.
[4] With the government devastated by infighting, the La Guardia re-election campaign was a complete failure. The authoritarian and overtly-progressive policies of the Presidency (combined with his attempts to create a new party) backfired spectacularly and fractured his support amongst the moderate Democrats - pushing some back into the fold of Long. The abolition of the Electoral College and the establishment of the two-round voting system under the first Long administration was ratified during the Independent government and used for the first time, but in 1948 Long returned to government; the final position of the Allies in determining new borders in Europe (hostile to the Soviets), an atomic monopoly and the Japanese Famine highlighted the dominant position of the United States in international affairs.
[5] And then, everything changed. Long - who had survived so many attempts on his life - finally fell victim to assassination in 1949. The White House Bombing killed both President and Vice-President, and Sam Rayburn (the Speaker of the House) staged an unlikely return for the Democrats to government.
[6] With Rayburn refusing to run in 1952 (lacking a mandate), the House was divided between all the parties citing a claim to the Presidency. With the ascension of the liberal wing of the Republicans and the adoption of the fusion ballot (securing a joint nomination for John Winant from the Republicans and Progressives) resulted in a return to government for the GOP. With the Democrats continuing their decline, Progressive Rockefeller ascended to the Vice Presidency in the first joint administration. A national health system was placed at the top of the agenda for the government, and blunted the edge of the Share movement. Furthermore, the successful working relationship of the Presidency with both Winston Churchill (and his successor Clement Attlee) was seen as the solidifying of the Special Relationship between the United States and Britain.
[7] In 1955, Rockefeller resigned from the Vice Presidency to join the Supreme Court and triggered the rapid passing of the 22nd Amendment (that allowed Congress to establish a special election if either the role or Presidency became vacant). Winant approached Harry Truman (Democrat) to join him in government in a bid to increase his support in the South.
[8] The 1956 election was regarded as the solidification of the major party alignment triggered by the rise of Long in 1936; the joint administration was returned to government over the Shares - largely endorsed by the liberal Democrats and the Progressives - whilst the conservative wings of each party controversially broke off to form their own Conservative Party. In contrast, the liberal alliance of Winant and Truman made no overtures to unite with the Progressives and henceforth began the modern era of coalitions and the multi-party system. The pull-back of the most radical reforms from the Long era saw the abolishment of wealth caps, whilst the economy was performing well thanks to the lengthy American investment in European reconstruction. Particularly aided by the growth of the British Tiger (under the Labour government), the United States set an ambition to end the stalemated Chinese Civil War and provide aid to Japan and (nationalist) South China.
[9] 1960 was a turbulent election; as Winant stood down from office for the first normally-conducted election since the beginning of the war, it provided a perfect opportunity for the Progressives to capitalize on Republican weaknesses. Richard Nixon - a paradoxically-described conservative Progressive - captured the nomination for his party by a narrow margin, but went on to win a comfortable victory for his party in the Presidential race. The Vice-Presidency went to Stuart Symington (the hair-apparent of Truman), but the consequences for the Republicans were traumatic. Share Our Wealth had taken an unpleasant turn to the radical wing, and the ascension of Orval Faubus to the leadership of the Conservatives shocked the system. As such, Nixon began overtures to unite the remaining GOP into his party, and whilst the GOP remained strong in their heartlands the Nixon victory had proved that their resurrection of power was not infallible. The offer of a merger was denied, but many Republicans (voters and politicians alike) began to flirt with defection - just four years after their third consecutive victory. The strong anti-Communist ambitions of the United States triggered the beginning of the Tense War; the Chinese broke into fighting once again in 1961, and Nixon supported the KMT wholeheartedly. American advisors were dispatched to Southern China, and large naval squadrons were deployed to the China Sea for aerial reconnaissance and 'passive belligerency'.
[10] The Chinese War entered a forth year in 1964, and despite American causalities reaching 100,000 Nixon was returned to office with one of the few-remaining arch-liberals Lyndon Johnson. Having secured a strong showing in the first round (where all the top-three candidates came within a few fractions of a percent of each other), the 1964 presidency was very much a collaboration between Nixon and Johnson. The two hawks would work well together to secure the victory of South China; although a strong economic ally, this pushed the United States to the most serious part of the Tense War.
[11] The Soviet Union did not take well to the defeat of the Communists in China, and as a result the Russian leadership continued to antagonize the Americans to create a legitimate show of force. Following the militarization of the (wholly-Soviet controlled) Korean peninsula in 1967, the Joint Administration requested a full-scale invasion of Northern China for 1968 (an election year). When it looked possible that the radical and unpleasant Share/Conservative alliance might secure a victory over the moderates and liberals, the "Joints" secured the crucial loyalty of the rump Republicans. Nixon - ambitious for both the future of the United States and his party - also began to push for the legitimization of 'early elections' (to be called by the President) based on his belief that the current system of government did not coincide well with fixed-term four-year mandates. Despite the controversial decision to mobilize the Intervention Force during campaign season, Nixon and Johnson were returned to government by a hefty margin in all rounds, but with a hefty international cost.
[12] The Second Chinese War was single-handedly the most destructive American military action since the Second World War; almost immediately the Americans fell victim to a number of embarrassing defeats at the hands of the Russian-equipped Communists. With Nixon pushing the USA and USSR to the brink of a direct conflict (and with serious numbers of casualties), the passing of the 23rd Amendment - allowing early elections - was somewhat overlooked. Nixon, realizing that the Progressives were in serious trouble, called an election one year early in 1971; the party was decimated in all areas, and the Conservatives took their first victory following the complete collapse of governmental support. It was also notably the first majority non-coalition since the third Long administration in 1948, and officially marked the end of the Republican Party (which, now virtually a regional party, merged with the Conservatives after the election). The Shares performed badly, and many questioned the continuing viability of the conservative angle for the party under John G. Schmitz.
[13]The very right wing government of the Conservatives is demolished at the next general election after their attempted destruction of the very popular welfare state and the easing of the wealth redistribution policies of previous administrations. The Share Our Wealth party, after a failed turn to the right and decades in the wilderness, returns to power with an outright majority in Congress. Edwin Edwards, a protégée of Huey Long and the now Progressive and very intelligent Johnson are given a strong mandate to finally continue the party's work. Although the SoW party nearly has a majority in Congress, they ally with the sympathetic Progressive party. The resulting majority finds itself with enough votes to possibly even make constitutional change.