USS Michigan, American Battleship laid down 1912
Displacement:
19,888 t light; 21,655 t standard; 27,000 t normal; 31,276 t full load
Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(575.94 ft / 564.30 ft) x 95.14 ft x (28.51 / 32.26 ft)
(175.55 m / 172.00 m) x 29.00 m x (8.69 / 9.83 m)
Armament:
8 - 14.00" / 356 mm 45.0 cal guns - 1,400.00lbs / 635.03kg shells, 150 per gun
Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1912 Model
2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline, forward deck forward
1 raised mount - superfiring
2 x 2-gun mounts on centreline, aft deck aft
1 raised mount - superfiring
18 - 5.00" / 127 mm 51.0 cal guns - 55.00lbs / 24.95kg shells, 450 per gun
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1912 Model
18 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
3 - 5.00" / 127 mm 51.0 cal guns - 55.00lbs / 24.95kg shells, 450 per gun
Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1912 Model
3 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
Weight of broadside 12,355 lbs / 5,604 kg
4 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 16.40 ft / 5.00 m torpedoes - 1.057 t each, 4.227 t total
In 4 sets of submerged side tubes
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 12.0" / 305 mm 263.09 ft / 80.19 m 11.71 ft / 3.57 m
Ends: 2.01" / 51 mm 301.21 ft / 91.81 m 11.71 ft / 3.57 m
Upper: 2.01" / 51 mm 263.09 ft / 80.19 m 8.01 ft / 2.44 m
Main Belt covers 72 % of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead:
3.00" / 76 mm 263.09 ft / 80.19 m 27.07 ft / 8.25 m
- Hull Bulges:
0.00" / 0 mm 0.00 ft / 0.00 m 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 14.0" / 356 mm 0.24" / 6 mm 12.0" / 305 mm
2nd: 8.66" / 220 mm 6.69" / 170 mm 2.95" / 75 mm
3rd: 3.94" / 100 mm 0.98" / 25 mm -
- Armoured deck - multiple decks: 2.01" / 51 mm For and Aft decks
Forecastle: 0.98" / 25 mm Quarter deck: 0.98" / 25 mm
- Conning towers: Forward 12.01" / 305 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm
Machinery:
Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 2 shafts, 33,604 shp / 25,069 Kw = 21.00 kts
Range 15,360nm at 15.00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 9,622 tons
Complement:
1,053 - 1,369
Cost:
£1.990 million / $7.962 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 2,545 tons, 9.4 %
- Guns: 2,541 tons, 9.4 %
- Torpedoes: 4 tons, 0.0 %
Armour: 7,102 tons, 26.3 %
- Belts: 2,257 tons, 8.4 %
- Torpedo bulkhead: 790 tons, 2.9 %
- Armament: 2,469 tons, 9.1 %
- Armour Deck: 1,352 tons, 5.0 %
- Conning Tower: 233 tons, 0.9 %
Machinery: 1,340 tons, 5.0 %
Hull, fittings & equipment: 8,677 tons, 32.1 %
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,112 tons, 26.3 %
Miscellaneous weights: 225 tons, 0.8 %
- Hull below water: 75 tons
- Hull void weights: 75 tons
- Hull above water: 25 tons
- On freeboard deck: 25 tons
- Above deck: 25 tons
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
52,176 lbs / 23,667 Kg = 38.1 x 14.0 " / 356 mm shells or 9.4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.33
Metacentric height 7.7 ft / 2.3 m
Roll period: 14.4 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.61
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1.80
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has a flush deck,
a straight bulbous bow and a round stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.617 / 0.632
Length to Beam Ratio: 5.93 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 23.76 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 39
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 20.00 degrees
Stern overhang: 3.28 ft / 1.00 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: 26.69 %, 22.97 ft / 7.00 m, 21.33 ft / 6.50 m
- Forward deck: 23.31 %, 21.33 ft / 6.50 m, 21.33 ft / 6.50 m
- Aft deck: 23.31 %, 21.33 ft / 6.50 m, 21.33 ft / 6.50 m
- Quarter deck: 26.69 %, 21.33 ft / 6.50 m, 22.97 ft / 7.00 m
- Average freeboard: 21.72 ft / 6.62 m
Ship tends to be wet forward
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 71.7 %
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 153.9 %
Waterplane Area: 39,908 Square feet or 3,708 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 131 %
Structure weight / hull surface area: 178 lbs/sq ft or 867 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0.93
- Longitudinal: 2.05
- Overall: 1.00
Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is excellent
Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather
Modified New York-class battleship design, deleting the midships gun turret and replacing the triple expansion engines and coal burning boilers with steam turbines and oil-fired boilers. The end result has a lighter standard load than the New York-class, but has more than twice the range at a higher cruising speed. Theoretically, one could instead have decided to increase the armoring of the Michigan-class significantly without negatively impacting the range all that much compared to the New York-class.