A memoir by a Polish politician named Casmir Adamczak, about the struggles of the Polish government since the refounding of Poland in 1900 following the Baltic-Prussian Wars.
The Malian-Moroccan War
Neutral historiographical name for what is also called the Zouerat Incident, the Zouerat Conspiracy, the Moorish Rebellion, the Zouerat Massacre, or the War or Mauritanian Independence, depending on your sympathies. The Republic of Mali, which consisted of most of French West Africa, was seen as large and unwieldy. Numerous separatist movements emerged almost immediately. Meanwhile, following Spanish withdrawal from the Western Sahara, a long guerrilla war broke out between Moroccan occupiers and Western Saharan rebels who wanted their own country. The president of Mali expressed verbal support for the rebels, incensing the Moroccans and triggering the conspiracy.
A group of Malian exiles and dissidents had fled to Morocco shortly after independence; now, in order to prevent possible Malian support for the rebels, a group of these dissidents, armed and equipped by the Moroccan Army, infiltrated Mali and seized the town of Zouerat. They declared the formation of the Republic of Mauretania, and were immediately recognized by Morocco, who dispatched a small force to protect them. The move was widely condemned, and a hastily assembled Malian force quickly retook the town in a fierce battle, executing the dissidents and their local supporters. While the conflict ended quickly, the perceived heavy-handedness of the Malian response led to the transformation of the dissidents from Moroccan puppets to martyrs for liberty among much of the local population, and helped inspire future would-be revolutionary movements throughout North Africa.
The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins