Hey land, you horrible land,
Let's wipe the soil off the murderer's bones,
Let's rock a little, let's dance a little.
Kauko Röyhkä:
Paha maa (1988)
Sacrifice, loss, tragedy. These words have become familiar to us all during the last two decades. This country was broken, its society torn asunder and its future in doubt. But working together, we have faced and overcome countless adversities and we have come through the difficult years that followed the War and the Exchange.
It has been an enormous duty, a struggle that has claimed the lives of countless Finns, men and women, young and old. And sometimes it did look like all hope had vanished, that all light had disappeared from these northern lands. But despite all that, never was the fighting spirit of the Finnish people put out, never was the spark extinguished we all have deep inside us for our Fatherland.
It is fifteen years today from the the War and the Exchange: today, we can proudly say that the Finnish people remains unbowed, its will and resolve intact. Instead of the past we now look to the future, ”towards the shores of a rising Finland”. Much has been done already and a lot more must be achieved in the years ahead. We will not be torn apart, by circumstances, by dissent or by the ill will of outsiders. Together, we will achieve all we strive for.
Work, duty, hope. Those are the words we should all take and hold in our hearts during the years that await us. Those will be our watchwords when we work together as citizens and as soldiers to reclaim, recover and rebuild Finland as we continue to make this a nation worth the name, a nation fit for our children.
From a speech by General Halonen, the Commander of the FNA military and a member of the National Committee for Continuity of Government, 1999.
XXXVII. The Men Without a Future
Fragment 166.
Logged 18.12.2011
HAN
[The following fragment is part of a written description of non-fiction film held by the FNA archives, Lot 23, Reel 11. Despite several requests by the project staff, it has not been possible to secure a copy of the film itself for the Minne Collection.]
The camera slowly pans across a wintery, suburban landscape. There is a group of wooden, two-story houses with gabled roofs to the left and a largish open space to the right. Nothing moves, expect for a gust of wind moving some snow around. Finally the camera settles on a road lined with snow-covered cars. The road has been opened more or less recently.
On the foreground we can see a roadblock of sorts, formed out of a couple of wrecked cars and some wooden beams. A makeshift flag pole stands next to it; we hear the flag snapping in the wind but it is unseen just outside the frame. A MAN (Matti Pellonpää) and a WOMAN (Tiina Pirhonen) stand together next to the roadblock, immobile. They both keep their eyes fixed at the horizon, or, possibly, the part of the road that is not in view. The woman is in her thirties, blond and very pale. Her knit cap says ”LAHTI 78”. The man looks somewhat older. He has a moustache and a scruffy beard.
The woman turns to the man and looks at him seriously.
”
- Are you really going to just stand here and stare down the road for the whole day?”
The man remains motionless. After a pause, he gives his answer.
”
- I am a sentry. I keep an eye out for movement. That is what a sentry is supposed to do.”
The woman says nothing for a while. Then she turns her head to the man again.
”
- What if I told you we have no more food left?”
The man seems unperturbed.
”
- Do you think I care about the food running out”, he says, ”when we have had no coffee or cigarettes for whole weeks now?”
The woman's mouth twists mournfully.
”
- I thought you wanted to live.”
For the first time during the exchange of words, the man turns his head towards the woman.
”
- Why would I want to?”
Hey man, woman and man,
Go get a taxi, go get lost,
Let's rock a little, let's dance a little.
... had just before the war become something of a hub for evacuations of the capital area, by rail and by road. This had been further exarbated by a conventional air attack against the Utti military airfield early on the second day of the war, as it had the effect of forcing the move many of the still ongoing evacuations to Lahti from Kouvola that was now considered to be under the threat of further Soviet air raids also against the local railway station and rail yard.
In the event, several evacuation trains and convoys of buses had arrived to Lahti just before the Exchange, further adding to the confusion in a town that had been in the receiving end of the unplanned and uncontrolled flight of civilians from the Greater Helsinki area for several days. The groups of evacuees and refugees were highly varied in composition. Gaggles of pensioners from hospitals, school classes with disoriented teachers, Salvation Army bands and even a largish film crew found themselves stranded in Lahti without knowing what would wait for them in the coming days. When the sirens went off on the day of the Exchange, almost all of the towns major nuclear shelters were filled to capacity, often even much more so and the number of people left to fend for themselves outside the shelters was not small either.
Apart from the questions arising from the swollen civilian population of the town, Lahti was a major centre for the Finnish military. Not only was the Lahti garrison area (or Hennala garrison) a military training base for infantry, military police and supply formations under the new Häme Regiment formed in the run-up to the war. It was also the home to the 2nd Central Military Hospital, an important part of the Defence Forces' medical organization and its preparedness to treat wartime injuries. The hospital had been expanded during the mobilization.[1]
Just after the first nuclear strikes against Finland orders were received from Helsinki by the commander of the Häme Regiment to temporarily evacuate the whole garrison post-haste to Hartola and Pertunmaa some tens of kilometers to the north. It is unclear who ordered this sudden evacuation, even if it appears it was received through the official channels. There are some indications that also other similar last minute troop movements were ordered, and it has been speculated that this was due to the Defence Forces lacking the plans and a necessary readiness for a comprehensive and coordinated response to a nuclear attack of this scale. The military leadership was improvising; it is likely that this evacuation was caused by the conclusion that Lahti itself would be a target of an imminent nuclear attack. As it is, this all remains just speculation after the apparently wholesale destruction of the military command in the capital.
So as most of Lahti filed into nuclear shelters, hastily organized military convoys were seen leaving the garrison area carrying what was left of the training units, military police and administrative personnel in Hennala after most units in the area had already been ordered into defensive positions east and south in preparation of the ongoing Soviet attack.
That left the military hospital itself. It proved in effect impossible to evacuate the hospital staff, the patients and various necessary equipment and stores in the specified, admittedly unrealistic schedule. There was even too few vehicles available. As the news were received of the nuclear attack against Hämeenlinna, and communications to both the provincial HQ in Kouvola and the highest military command in Helsinki were severed, the ranking medical officer present [2] ordered the hospital's lagging evacuation to be stopped and all under his command to take shelter in the garrison area instead. Only by disobeying direct orders, he...
…called the Pihlajamäki Battalion, even if it was smaller in actual size. The unit was the brainchild of Defence Minister Pihlajamäki, a conservative Centrist, who during the mobilization had conceived the idea of isolating ”malcontents” and ”troublemakers” from the frontline troops, to keep up morale and to have those young men he considered a national liability under observation. The generals agreed, and so ”anti-establishment” figures such as punk rockers, leftist activists, artists and even ex-convicts were picked from various mobilized units and placed in a new outfit that officially was to be called the ”Separate Supply Regiment”. Placed under trustworthy officers and NCOs, this unit would contribute to the war engaged in what amounted to work duty tasks under military discipline. The unit was in the process of being moved from Helsinki to the Hennala garrison when the war broke out, and the train carrying the unit's heterodox personnel had arrived in Lahti on the night of the Exchange, just missing the garrison's evacuation by hours..
Hey, night, join us too,
Let's take Judas down from the tree to party,
Let's rock a little, let's dance a little.
Fragment 166, continued. Reel 3.
The reel opens with a view of a large crowd of people on what looks like a town square. All are in winter clothes, most have their faces covered. It has the effect of muffling the sound of some of them chanting. The snow on the ground is ashen-grey.
Two men stand in front of the camera. The older man (Esko Nikkari) assumes a mock-journalistic pose when he sees the camera is pointed to him. Off-camera, someone holds out a microphone.
”
- ...and even though it has been proved by the authorities with scientific means that the people can't possibly be hungry, they still protest for bigger food rations. I am standing here with Pasi Kuikka, the city's Rationist-in-Chief. Mr. Kuikka, would you say I am hungry right now?”
The younger man (Markku Toikka) beside him rolls his eyes to Nikkari, without saying anything. The crowd has started milling around, and the camera is pointed to the front. The cameraman raises it above people's heads.
In front of the crowd a cordon of policemen and Civil Defence personnel is trying to hold back the people. They are not faring very well. A senior policeman in uniform and fur hat is holding up a megaphone.
”
...are to disperse immediately by order of the City Council! Fail to comply, and we will use force! According to wartime regulations, you...”
The policeman is hit with something thrown from the crowd. He topples down, dropping his megaphone to the ground. An approving murmur goes through the crowd. The people keep moving forward, now chanting more vocally.
”
- WE NEED FOOD! WE NEED FOOD! WE NEED FOOD!”
The police have now taken out truncheons and are using them against the people in front, who are trying to stop but are pushed forward by the sheer mass of the crowd. Cries of pain can now be heard.
”
- What the fuck are they doing?”, says a male voice next to the camera, possibly Nikkari.
The view swings to the left, where a ragged line of men in military uniform is approaching the crowd. They are lining up next to the policemen, most of them wielding batons of some sort. Only the NCOs seem to have old rifles.
”
- We should move back now or we'll risk getting trampled,” says a voice behind the camera, prompting the view to swing erratically from left to right as the cameraman tries to move backwards.
When we again get a clear view, we can see the recently arrived soldiers stopped next to the police line. Surprisingly, they seem to be fighting each other. Two conscripts are beating an NCO sprawled on the ground. Some men in uniform have joined the crowd in pushing back the police, and one of them is using his baton to break down the windows of a parked police car. A single gunshot is heard, causing the camera to jerk suddenly.
”
- Saatana,” says the voice of Nikkari, ”we better get the hell out of here.”
You remind of one of my kinsmen,
You there, the man with the face of a perch.
He combed his hair once with paraffin,
And sang: ”Clear away, all the filth in my head,
Clear away all the filth in my head,
Let the evil thought burn!”
…continued in the weeks after the nuclear attack. Lahti became a destination for refugees from south, west and east, sitting in the middle of several blast areas. The local Civil Defence organization was already working below regulation capabilities for a town of this size [3], owing to prewar difficulties in obtaining qualified personnel, a problem shared with other bigger towns. The availability of emergency equipment was also poor.[4] Now burdened with the incoming refugees too, the city's services started deteriorating fast. Within weeks of the Exchange, the persistent power outages and continuing problems with food distribution, coupled with an increased need for policing of the central parts of the city after several makeshift camps had sprouted up in available spaces (including the ski stadium) started to cause the city organization to start unraveling. The Päijät-Häme Central Hospital serviced the whole province before the war; now in post-nuclear conditions it was becoming impossible to help the increasingly weak and sick population within city limits...
...was not forthcoming. The former Häme Regiment units had now been attached to the Emergency Cabinet's plans for a buffer area that became the Line, some tens of kilometers to the north from Lahti. The biggest surviving city in Finland was left to look after itself; no help from Mikkeli or those military units still in operational condition would be coming to the aid of the embattled...
...with daily disturbances and protests. The police were losing control of the streets, even while patrolling central Lahti in force together with armed Civil Defence volunteers. On March 10th, a fire broke out in the main building of the Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, the main civilian hospital of the region, possibly due to to the candles and gas lanterns used for light during blackouts. Despite the efforts of the fire department, the fire soon became uncontainable and the building burned like a torch, becoming a funeral pyre to hundreds of people crammed in its patient rooms, hallways and supply closets. A group of auxiliary firemen managed to bring out most of the women in the maternity ward before it was engulfed in flames. One young woman gave birth to twins in the back of a fire ambulance on the parking lot next to the blazing hospital – both girls were stillborn.
The Separate Supply Regiment had been moved to the mostly emptied garrison area. Under the circumstances, the decision to arm elements of the regiment with non-lethal weapons to help in restoring public order was...
Hey moon, you old rogue of a moon,
You mangy old eunuch-face,
Let's rock a little, let's dance a little.
Hey land, you free land,
Let's let loose the horse and the llama,
Let's rock a little, let's dance a little.
Fragment 166, continued. Reel 9.
It is dark. There is a bonfire burning next to an old red brick building. It is surrounded by people in various combinations of military and civilian clothing. Many are singing something, a few of the men are playing acoustic guitars. A young man in the remains of a camouflage uniform and a red bandanna walks past with what looks like an antique rifle and flashes the Victory Sign with his right hand.
A long-haired man enters view from the left. He comes close to the camera and looks directly into it.
”
- Is this thing on? Are you shooting?”
A voice behind the camera makes noises of agreement.
”
- That's fucking great. I mean it.”
The man spreads his hands to indicate the scene around him.
”
- Behold, the Lahti Free Area! No lords, no masters and definitely no government! A place to call home in these troubled times.”
The camera pans from left to right. Some of the people are waving to the camera, a couple of girls blowing kisses.
”
- I am glad you are here to record all this, for posterity I mean. We need the word to get out that it is possible to live like this.”
Looks towards somewhere left behind the camera.
”
-Thank you for doing this, Aki. It is not easy for anyone of us right now, but we have to keep the spirits up to keep things rolling. Great to have you guys here!”
”
- You know, Sakke, I wouldn't miss it for the world”, says a voice to the left of the camera.
Behind Sakke Järvenpää a group of men carry what looks like wooden chairs and throw them to the bonfire.
Järvenpää notices something to the right, starts gesturing furiously.
”
- Mato, Mato, come here and be immortalized on film!”
Looks disappointed when the other man does not acknowledge him.
”
- Well, anyway, tag along with the camera. I hear they're putting together a posse and some cars to go and get some beer and meat for the gang. From the abandoned factories, you know.”
As if on cue, a pickup truck pulls up from the left. Someone has written ”FUCK THE GOVERNMENT” on the side in red block letters. Two guys are sitting in the back, holding an axe and a crowbar.
”
- See? All it takes is good will and cooperation. Just wait a moment and we'll get moving.”
Hey man, join us too,
Let's get a bottle of Mexican booze,
Let's rock a little, let's dance a little.
...in April. The City Council remained holed up at the city hall, with what was left of the police and Civil Defence in control of just a part of the city. The food and health situation had spiralled out of the control of the authorities, and it did not help at all that Lahti rea received a lot of fallout from multiple sources. While anarchy reigned and the suburbs were at the mercy of groups of people looting houses to find any food and shelter, the City Hall kept making increasingly desperate pleas for Mikkeli to send help...
… in the old garrison area. The regiment had mutinied pretty much entirely and stopped following the orders of its officers, some of whom got killed in fights, others were locked up if they did not happen to approve of the new order. Or disorder, as some might say. The garrison area became the center of what came to be known as the Lahti Free Area, an Anarchist commune of sorts that was both a cause and a result of the breakdown of public order in Lahti. A semblance of organized society was maintained here, with the Anarchists and Socialists formerly in the special regiment and locals who gravitated towards the area setting up a communal kitchen, forage parties and incorporating the military hospital into their domain. The Medical Major in charge did not like this, but he had no means to stop the crowd that broke into the hospital buildings and thus decided to save the lives of his staff by cooperating with the leaders of the Free Area. Who those leaders in fact were is still a matter of some controversy. In theory there was a leading body, the ironically named ”Workers' Revolutionary Council”, though it has been very hard to ascertain who at any given time even tried to give orders and if those orders were in fact followed.
In any case, the garrison area was surrounded by roadblocks and barricades, with sentries along the perimeter. As to order and justice, the area seems to have been only a marginally safer place to be than most of the city outside the shrinking domain of the City Hall: fights and even rapes seem to have happened periodically, and any ”justice” there was seems to have taken the form of back-alley beatings and some lynchings, that were considered...
That girl was murdered years ago,
And raped, of course.
Sometimes she hitch-hiked into cars,
And started to cry – of Jesus she cries,
And scream, oh Jesus, how she screams,
Like when it happened.
...can be looked at from several points of view. The military leadership working under the Emergency Cabinet needed the exercise for such large-scale operations to keep its troops cohesive, operational and, above all, busy. Under the circumstances, allowing large groups of armed men to stand idle was a very risky proposition. The troops under Eastern Command were being slowly downsized by disarming and moving uniformed men and reassigning them to essentially civilian tasks. But some readiness had to be maintained, not least because of there still being armed Soviet units on officially Finnish soil.
If that part of southern Finland not currently under state control was to be retaken in the future, the process had to be started somewhere. Lahti was the obvious choice for the first official reclamation operation. The preparations in mid-to-late May included repositioning and rearming units that had been kept in reserve in the Mikkeli area, to make them ready for a push south. The units were cherry-picked to include all the healthiest men and best-preserved vehicles in the areas under the control of the Emergency Cabinet. Aircraft, including two helicopters were kept in readiness to provide aerial recon and support. The operation got truly underway on May 28th, when...
Fragment 166, continued. Reel 13.
A thin, bearded man in worn clothes stands in front of a makeshift barricade addressing the camera. A black flag with the Anarchist symbol in white flutters in the flagpole behind him.The snow on the ground seems to have started to melt. The sun is shining on an almost clear sky, though like behind a veil.
”
- It is late May already, and we are still here to make this documentary. We have come through the winter together with the men and women here at the Lahti Free Area. It has not been easy, in fact it has been hellishly tough, but there are still a lot of us alive to see the summer arrive. By working together, the people here have managed to get the food and other necessary things to last so far, if only barely. And that is no thanks to the Finnish authorities, who seem to have abandoned the people. Like others here, we hope what has been accomplished by this small group of people has also been done by other similar groups, providing hope and continuity for the world despite what this city, this country and many nations have seen this past winter.
I am Aki Kaurismäki, behind the camera is my brother Mika, and before we run out of film we would like...
The man stops in mid-sentence and turns around. There is a slowly growing, roaring sound in the air. The camera turns a bit and zooms in a small dot in the horizon growing slowly.
”
- Is that... a helicopter?”, says the man in front of the camera.
”
- It certainly is about time someone would be sendind help.”
...repeat: all necessary precautions must be undertaken to protect the men from radioactive contamination. Anyone of you failing in that will answer to me personally.
And remember: this is essentially a police operation. You are not up against Soviet units - except in a few specific areas later during the planned campaign, but that is not a subject we will cover in this briefing. The object of this operation is to return the specified area under the control of legitimate authorities. You will move in, secure strategic locations, take control of the sites listed in your orders and start setting up defensive positions. Keep this in mind: while you will be expected to work in cooperation with any surviving civilian authorities, the military has the final jurisdiction in the area of operations south of the Line.
You will make it clear through your actions that you are working for the lawful government, and that means you will identify yourselves clearly. All lead units are to fly a regulation-size state flag and will be provided with bullhorns and portable loudspeaker units if possible. All officers and NCOs down to the squad leaders are to have as recognizable uniforms as possible, with ranks highly visible. When approaching non-hostile civilians, all are to identify the unit and the mission specifically for anyone who wants the information. Written and signed orders will be provided for verification purposes. Misunderstandings must be minimized.
Know this: you will be dealing with ordinary civilians, mostly. Most will be happy to see you. But you will encounter deserters, looters and those who have otherwise taken arms against the lawful order. With those individuals you will deal with appropriate, deadly force. Military and civilian courts with the power to enforce the death penalty will be established in the reclaimed areas, but during the operation itself you have the authority and the responsibility to consider all those who raise a weapon against you as an enemy soldier or a citizen guilty of high treason.The national leadership expects you to act accordingly and decisively, to protect ourself, your unit and the legitimate government. Forces or individuals working against the Finnish state must not be tolerated.
An excerpt from a briefing by General Halonen, given in Mikkeli to Eastern Command officers prior to the first so-called reclamation operations in south-eastern Finland, May 1984.
As the booze sloshes in your rat-brain,
You are back among your own people.
As you wake up chopped up in the well on the yard
Sing: "Clear away all the filth in my head,
Clear away all the filth in my head!"
Bad land, bad, bad land!
Notes:
[1] The projected wartime staff has been given as 160, including 15 doctors. The planned bed capacity was 450. It has been suggested that about half of the staff was evacuated and the rest left behind.
[2] The Major in question was the Defence Forces' recently appointed Chief Radiologist, whose last main project before the mobilization had been the modernization of the x-ray equipment used in Finnish military hospitals.
[3] The town's population was about 94 000 in 1983, putting it easily within the top 10 of Finnish towns prewar.
[4] There had been suspicions about a group of city officials colluding with local businessmen to embezzle money from the city funds allocated for buying emergency supplies during late 1983. Investigations to the matter were terminated due to the war.