Land of Salmon and Totems 2.0

It's interesting to imagine how the absorption of these European and Asian philosophies, cuisine, technologies would impact the Onallan.

As I shake off my writing lethargy hopefully I’ll be able to write about that. The most likely adoption is through the Hudson company making fur-based clothing on site in Victoria, introducing sewing machines and perhaps textile looms foremost. In respect to things like gunpowder the Californians have a head start on that from their captives and links with Mexico.

I need to find my copy of Mann’s “1493” book and review some things.
 
Settling the Snake River Part 3: A Dilemma Looms
Since winning their independence from the British Empire, even before, the American settlers had always had a tenuous relationship with the tribes and nations that made up the Native Americans of the East. A swinging pendulum of trade, cooperation, conflict, and bloodshed. As the 19th century moved forward the pendulum moved ever more in favor of the Americans their power and numbers becoming more than any individual First Nation could combat alone and then eventually together. Much of this spearheaded by the National Democratic Party under Governor then President Wyatt Berkshire. To say Berkshire had a grudge against the First Civilized Nations of the Southeast was to say fire was hot or water was wet, his ire largely formed from being the product of three generations of frontier settler turned plantation owner in Georgia.

With the Americans moving westward Wyatt knew that in order to strengthen his popularity first as Governor and then President was to push toward opening new fertile land that grateful settlers could take (and in return contribute to his own election to office). From the start he openly campaigned on what he saw as “setting right” the order of dominion on American soil - the ascendance of American civilization over the troublesome Indigenous peoples and the “unconstitutional” relationship of autonomy that had been granted them. Not that Berkshire was the originator of such thought but was again the product of years of political argument from past leading figures in the Republic - the earlier views of assimilating the Civilized Nations into ‘proper’ society having given way to outright removal.

Attempts to maintain their lands or at least independence was aggressively pushed forward by a majority of the First Nations but what was to become their undoing was their divided action - as the old saying goes ‘divide and conquer’. Some wanted to maintain their full autonomy, others did not mind losing their full autonomy and saw assimilation into the American culture as their only hope. Each time though they met up against the monolithic position of the US government which was able to steadily control any and all arguments and negotiations. As time went on though the increasing hopelessness of the relationship and situation with the American government became more apparent to dissident factions among the First Nations. They began to look further afield, some looked to see if going westward to the Great Prairie would be enough to maintain their independence - but others knew that escaping to lands still under the control of the same government that was attempting to remove them would only delay for perhaps a few generations the same situation they were undergoing.

What they needed was to align with a stronger power, one that they could call cousin by nature of shared blood and heritage stretching back from before the arrival of the White man.

Thus the events of Blue Hare of the Shawnee and his arrival in the Snake River region played out to surprising success. Why though did they choose to throw their lot in with the Onallan Empire rather than the Californian Confederacy? The Confederacy was undoubtedly the more democratic of the two Grand Native Nations and would grant the Shawnee greater rights of autonomy. There were three strong arguments that dissuaded Blue Hare from seeking out the Californians. The first was geography, the Californians had laid claim to an certainly expansive area west of the Rockies but the vast majority of it ranged from arid to desert the few islands of lush vegetation already claimed by the tribes that already inhabited the region or the settlers California were sending eastward. The second was the California Confederacy had settled on a much more insular policy than the Onallan, they were distrustful of the British and Americans in general, and tribes having been influenced by the latter could prove to be a splinter that would infect the rest of the Confederacy. Again, the most fertile lands in the Confederacy were situated in the Great Valley which was closed off to any sort of immigration having been staked and claimed fierce for centuries. The third and final reason was the conflict going on in the eastern territories of the Confederacy - not all of the tribes accepted the authority of the Great Valley - not to mention the raids by the Commanchero from the Tejas region.

While an imperial monarchy and smaller in size the Onallan had less of the problems than their southern neighbor. They also had the investment of the British who could yet prove to be a useful counter-weight to American aggression. The negotiations between Blue Hare and Tahwani played out and the Twin Falls settlement succeeded after initial missteps. Blue Hare sent word back east to the other Shawnee bands who followed westward to Twin Falls and helped swell the settlement’s size and the agricultural exploitation of their stretch of the Snake River. The combination of Onallan irrigation techniques and the foreign vegetables provided by the Shawnee contributed to the success and would be the blueprint for a successful pattern of settlement.

The Choctaw Nation were the next First Nation to look at relocation to the Snake River, but the path toward this was for them a microcosm of the same issues that were affecting the First Nations. The Choctow were divided into western, eastern, and southern divisions a legacy of their origins as separate tribal entities that had banded together in the face of increasing European influence and competition with other nations. Each division exercised a high degree of autonomy and competition over who would, or could, speak for the whole nation to the American government was fierce. Two leaders emerged in the eastern and western divisions and they also represented starkly different ideals for the future of the Choctow. Chief Nathan Greenleaf of the western division favored increasing adoption of American culture and integration into the American economic system as a way to prove though they were not white they were a part of American society as equal members. In the eastern division opposed to him was Chief Mingo Musulatabee who was much more a traditionalist and desired to preserve their traditional values and culture - though he did allow Christian missionaries into his lands and adopted American business skills and agriculture.

With news of the success of the Twin Falls settlement Musulatabee moved to gain recognition from the American government as leader of the eastern division and sell their lands in exchange for assistance in moving westward and also a great amount of manufactured goods. Using the latter he was able to more or less bribe leaders in the southern and western divisions to join them in moving to the Snake River much to the condemnation of Nathan Greenleaf and those who wanted to keep their land and integrate into the American economy. He argued greatly that staying and forcing themselves to give up much of their traditional values would not end well for their people, the more they clung to the Americans the more voice and independence they would lose until there was nothing left to lose.
While he was derided by his opponents his views would become prophetic as the Indian Removal Act would mandate the removal of Greenleaf and his people.

Musulatabee and his people faced blood, sweat and tears on their march westward but thanks to the supplies bought from the Americans and Onallan the journey was less disastrous then it could have been. Much like the arrival of Blue Hare, Musulatabee arrived to find a pre-constructed settlement ready for many to move into and start from there - the settlement along the Big Wood River - whereupon the Choctow settled into dividing the area for their settlement. The resettlement of such a large nation led to a new groundswell of support in the remaining nations to seek movement to the Onallan territory and slowly more entreaties for negotiation were made to Shua’leama especially by more traditionalist factions which wished to preserve their way of life and culture. Even those such as Greenleaf’s faction were forced to negotiate with the Onallan following the approval of the Indian Removal Act by Berkshire’s government which mandated the removal of the nations.

It was the immigration of the more thoroughly assimilated tribes that saw the first sign of conflict between the Onallan and the newcomers and threatened to upend the entire enterprise completely.
 
Man, that's a far hike for the eastern Natives even if it's a migration that's slightly more on their terms. Even if the enterprise is threatened I do hope it works out, it will be interesting to see the cultural mosaic that could develop (and for the Onallan, having some kind of buffer on their western flank could be very useful).
 
Man, that's a far hike for the eastern Natives even if it's a migration that's slightly more on their terms. Even if the enterprise is threatened I do hope it works out, it will be interesting to see the cultural mosaic that could develop (and for the Onallan, having some kind of buffer on their western flank could be very useful).

Yea I’m thinking most of the larger migrations will actually be facilitated partly at least by ship travel rather than overland. Especially considering how close they are to New Orleans.
 
Does the Onallan territory extends into British Columbia? That would net than oil for future industrialisation.
It was the immigration of the more thoroughly assimilated tribes that saw the first sign of conflict between the Onallan and the newcomers and threatened to upend the entire enterprise completely.
Did they try to impose their views on the Onallans despite the disparity of power?
 
Does the Onallan territory extends into British Columbia? That would net than oil for future industrialisation.

Did they try to impose their views on the Onallans despite the disparity of power?

Officially if not exactly de facto. They have a client relationship with some of the Mal’llan tribes of the Salish Sea. Officially at least with the British and Americans they have things west of the Rockies.

I think I’ve mentioned it before but the issue of European slavery will be a very, very divisive issue.
 
I think I’ve mentioned it before but the issue of European slavery will be a very, very divisive issue.
Divisive maybe among the Five Nations, seems to me the Onallans wouldn't even need to think twice about the issue if their views on the way the British treat their Asian laborers is anything to go by. What would be interesting is the word getting to the Americans on how it goes down and any possible attempts by escaped slaves to make the arduous trek..
 
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Divisive maybe among the Five Nations, seems to me the Onallans wouldn't even need to think twice about the issue if their views on the way the British treat their Asian laborers is anything to go by. What would be interesting is the word getting to the Americans on how it goes down and any possible attempts by escaped slaves to make the arduous trek..

With their fairly Anti-Plantation slavery views the Slave States are not going to get along with the Onallan.
 
Settling the Snake River Part 4: A Meeting Point
In the cultural tradition of the Kal’llan, the original peoples who lived along the banks of the Ona’llan status as part of their tribal group was determined not by blood but by place of birth in respect to the great river that they worshipped. When the early Kal’llan empires expanded beyond their original river valley the tribes they met were given the name of “Mal’ingish” or “Ne” to denote their separation from the great river. The slaves they captured were taken back to the banks of the river and the children who were born along it, regardless if the mother or father was Kal’llan, were considered to have a special connection to the Great Goddess. Thus those from the north or east born were called “Mal’llan” or “Ne’llan” and while noted to have come from beyond they were given equal status as citizens by the grace of their birthplace - a form of birthright citizenship so to speak.

With time though what changed and had the largest repercussions was the question of “Where did Ona’llan begin and end?” As originally Ona’llan was just the river in the Kal’llan valley this was expanded to include the Columbia river that ran in a few leagues from Shua’leama - then the section that ran eastward to the Ona’iluco Mountains and westward to the Pacific Ocean. Then the little rivers and streams that connected northward toward the Puget Sound. Then a little further eastward into the Ne Plateau - especially following secession attempts by the Kal’llan and Mal’llan settlers in the Yakima Valley. Expansion of what was Ona’llan steadily expanded to accommodate the imperial ambitions of the various House dynasties and bind their people to Shua’leama’s authority. By the 19th Century the question of the Ne’Ind’dan river or Snake river was being called into question - though with the true scope of the globe dawning on Ona’llan priests the question was also growing if -all- waters were derived from Ona’llan though this interpretation would be beaten back in the face of a desire to maintain the special relationship of their goddess to their own people.

So, in the early spring of 1829 when Tahwani, the appointed governor of the Snake River, was to meet with Chief Mingo Musulatabee of the Choctaw to formalize his people’s settlement the thought that Mingo’s people’s children would be of equal status - blessed by Ona’llan’s life waters - did run through his mind. After waking up that morning he took his fast and then underwent the morning ritual of purification and oneness with Ona’llan. He took a ewer filled with purified water from one of the headwaters or springs of the mother river and splashed some of its contents into his face intoning the prayers he had been taught as a child - of Ona’llan’s many gifts of life. Once completed he dressed in his formal attire, which consisted of traditional cloth tunic, beaver skin hat, deerskin poncho, and an assortment of obsidian beads painted in various colors, and went to meet with Chief Mingo.

The earlier settlers from the Choctaw that had traveled to the settlement the first Choctaw immigrants had settled into to prepare the way for the rest of their nation - the settlement was named Bokchito. Like the majority of the Choctaw who would arrive over the course of the year they primarily traveled by ship around Cape Horn or making a shorter land trek across the isthmus from the Atlantic to Pacific. Some would travel overland by way of going north to the series of trade forts established by the Hudson Company for overland trade across the Canadian territory. Those who had first arrived were members of Chief Mingo’s eastern division and were largely young men or young families from the poor sections of the Choctow Nation who largely had their way paid by Mingo and the chiefs who had aligned with him to break the soil ahead of the rest of the nation. This would be Tahwani’s first meeting with the leaders of the Choctaw nation.

Once the two sides met at the central hall in Bokchito it was no doubt a curious sight, Chief Mingo and his associates largely dressed in their own traditional attire of the Choctaw Nation - but the nation had been in contact with the Europeans and their colonists for centuries at this point so there were tell tale signs of their influence here and there among the representatives that Tahwani could see. The style of their pants, shirts, and great coats along with minor things such as some jewelry which Tahwani had seen on European envoys and traders. To be fair the influence of this style of dress was gaining traction in Onallan - especially with the British and Russians attempting to flood the market with their cheap textiles. Among the Choctaw representatives what caught Tahwani’s eye in particular was a older man who was obviously there not as a representative but as a servant to one of the chiefs and whose skin was a shade of brown that Tahwani had never seen.

This man was named George Greene, and he was an African slave. This was the first black man that Tahwani had ever seen and he was curious about George though he did not speak aloud about this. He noticed that George, though he did not know his name, was in a subservient position to one of the Choctaw chiefs and left it at that.

In at least four of the five nations of the southeast the style of slavery had overtime changed to reflect that of their white neighbors - becoming based on a view of racial inferiority and chattel. The Cherokee and Choctaw had the largest number of slaves - around 2,000 each - with the Creek owning 1,500, and the Chickasaw 1,000 roughly - numbers which attributed to 10% - 20% of the nations’ populations. Again like their white neighbors the ownership of these slaves was largely restricted to the upper class - families who had chosen to emulate the plantation owners of Southern society. The Seminoles are an exception to this as by the large their relationship with the communities of freed Africans that lived among them ranged from total integration to a vassal style relationship with African settlements.

In Onallan the status of slavery was still an open issue but had not taken on the chattel character as had those of the Choctaw - where the other Native captives they took were used for small scale labor, ransomed to their home clans, or integrated. In fact following the outbreak of smallpox the path of integration had become an overwhelmingly necessary option as clan structures broke down as smaller clans were wiped out and larger ones were greatly depleted. There was a manner of restraint within Onallan but a few clans resorted to full scale abductions of Mal’ingish and Ne settlements to shore up their numbers.

Tahwani, the Onallan bureaucrats, and the Choctaw representatives sat down and wrote out the agreement of the latter’s settlement formally which included a description of the land that would be granted to the Choctaw, their obligations to the Raven Emperor Sumac, taxes, rights and so forth. Once all was said and done the two parties shook hands and left - but not before census records for the individuals who would be settling in the territory were handed over to the Onallan accountants for translation and copying for their recordkeeping. A few days later one of the accountants went to Tahwani with an issue that had been discovered. The census included 12,000 individuals, but when going over the records for household sizes it had been noticed some households had over a hundred individuals - many of which whose names were not included. Believing the matter to have just been a clerical issue Tahwani gave the accountant his seal and permission to visit Mingo to obtain the missing information - after all his household was one of the larger inconsistencies listed. The accountant left with an English speaking translator and Tahwani did not hear anything on the matter for several days until the accountant returned.
 
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