AH Language Thread

In the spirit of the Map, Flag, and CoA threads, put forth basic summaries of Alternate Languages in a wikipedia-esque format.

For example:

Hindustani

• Spoken in
  • India, Europe, Americas, Oceania
• Region
  • Gangetic Plain (first language)
  • Bengal, Transbengal, Deccan, Punjab, Lower Pushtunistan, Sind (common second language)
  • Great Britain, Dutch Antillies, Fiji (major immigrant communities)
• Total speakers ca. 250 million in 2000
• Language family
  • Indo-European
    • Indo-Iranian
      • Indo-Aryan
        • Central zone
          • Western Hindi
            • Hindustani
• Standard forms:
  • Bureaucratic Hindustani (official)
  • Capital Hindustani (most common)
  • Temple Hindi
  • Northern (Poetic or Court) Urdu
  • Dakhini Urdu
• Writing system
  • Devanagari script
  • Nasta'liq script
  • Roman script

Official status

• Official language in
  • Imperial Dominion of India
• Regulated by
  • Imperial Department of Official Language
  • Civil Service Guidebook of Transliteration and Orthography

Language codes

• ISO 639-1 hi
• ISO 639-2 hin
• ISO 639-3 hin