Go North, Young Man: The Great Canada

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You really are an optimist re: the TTL handling of COVID-19 (well, 20) and the subsequent Chinese reaction. Also, damn, Justin sure had a looooooooooooong career as PM.

Marc A
COVID here became the last straw for the West with regards to the PRC's decision making with regards to public health. After two rounds of SARS and Swine Flu inside of twenty years, their coverups of what happened, where it all started and it's virulency and then their loud statements to their domestic audience that they didn't do it and that it's other people trying to keep China down made much of the rest of the world go "Yeah, no, we're done with that nonsense." China's international trade collapsed with the pandemic (everyone's did) but in their case it never really recovered. The PRC did make major attempts to resolve it's international relations problems and reconnect with the Chinese communities abroad as well as stimulate domestic demand, but COVID was like Tiananmen Square only worse. Basically the PRC had to change in order to avoid becoming a pariah abroad.

When the economy slowed badly, the PRC belatedly realized that the "Wolf Warrior" antics had had a dark side. They weren't about to actively fight anyone and make it's foreign affairs problems worse - Taiwan wasn't wise, and with them saving the day on COVID even talking trash about HK gets London, Ottawa and Canberra mad rather quickly - so the trouble began to be directed inside. Anti-corruption and anti-crime campaigns tamped down the anger, but it was still way too much to be easily handled by mere slogans. It was basically begin liberalizing or push for a conflict with others, and since the latter is too costly in terms of money and lives, things began to change.

As far as optimistic, the reason for that optimism was simple - as soon as COVID showed up in HK, they knew it was similar to what had come seventeen years before and what HK Biotechnica had been working on a vaccine for. Adapt it to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the development gets a lot easier (IOTL this happened as well, but it happens even faster here because HK Biotechnica had the SARS virus very well figured out by then) and once you have a safe and effective vaccine, get testing. Once testing is complete its off to production, and the Commonwealth nations all have facilities capable of making mRNA vaccines because their facilities had gotten the necessary equipment during the testing phase. It was a similar story in other places - BioNTech / Pfizer and Moderna weren't far behind the Commonwealth and Johnson and Johnson wasn't far behind them, so once the production was rolling the numbers of vaccinations grew very, very quickly. Russia, China and Latin America also developed their own vaccines to fight COVID.

HK Biotechnica and it's Hong Kong-based supporters were the real heroes here - in the estimation of most of the Commonwealth they shaved months off of the pandemic, thus saving countless lives. Needless to say, HK has a new reason to be famous and a LOT of friends across the world now.

And Trudeau doesn't become PM until 2022, FYI, and he gets there because his predecessor retires. (I haven't figured out the modern PMs and Premiers yet.)
 
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Changing the membrane isn't going to make that much difference. OTL desalination costs as little as 3kWh/tonne of water, and the theoretical limit is 1kWh/tonne. So cutting costs by half should be possible, in theory, but that doesn't get anywhere close to cheap enough for many uses (e.g. irrigation). Current processes are already fine for drinking water, and several industrial uses, so the new membranes don't help much there, either.
I've read studies that show far better than 1 kWh to the tonne - the best I've seen is 0.28 kWh to the metric ton. Combine that with cheap energy and you can easily handle the water needs of major cities, and drip irrigation combined with graphene desalination can go a long way. I suspect we will one day see far less than 0.28 kWh to the tonne (1000 litres / 264.55 gallons) as well.
 
Great work, @TheMann . You've always done great work on AH and that quality continues on this thread.

Two questions:

1) How does Canada ITTL compare with the United States culturally, differences and similarities?

2) Do the Seahawks play in the NFL or the CFL?
 
Great work, @TheMann . You've always done great work on AH and that quality continues on this thread.

Two questions:

1) How does Canada ITTL compare with the United States culturally, differences and similarities?
I'm gonna do a post on this in a bit, but that's gonna be a complete post showing the similarities and the differences.
2) Do the Seahawks play in the NFL or the CFL?
There is no CFL here - the NFL integrated the CFL and a number of good USFL franchises in a massive 1986 merger. The NFL and CFL were by the 1980s rivalling each other, and it was decided that there was no use fighting a war with each other, and the USFL used a lawsuit to try to force their way into the merger. Ultimately Arizona, Baltimore, Jacksonville, New Jersey, Memphis and San Antonio lived on from the USFL along with the ten Canadian CFL teams - Toronto, Montreal, British Columbia, Edmonton, Calgary, Hamilton, Winnipeg, Saskatchewan, Ottawa and Atlantic. British Columbia changed their name from the Lions to the Battalion (the Detroit team was older and thus got the benefit of history) as a result of the merger, and the league grew from 26 teams to 42 at a stroke, and since then there have six additions - Carolina, Jamaica, Kentucky, Las Vegas, Oklahoma and Portland. OTL's Tennessee Titans stayed in Houston, the Arizona Cardinals stayed in St. Louis, the Rams never left Los Angeles (and today have a very heated rivalry with the former-USFL Los Angeles Express) and the Browns today are the same team, no Art Modell moving the team. As a result, today the NFL is a 48-team league thanks to these, and the former CFL teams ended up being very competitive almost from Day One, and the "Horseshoe Wars" between the Toronto Argonauts, Hamilton Tigercats and Buffalo Bills and the rather-heated rivalry between the Seattle Seahawks and British Columbia Battalion all shows just how intense it all gets. And yes, all of the former CFL teams have suitable stadiums for the purpose. Toronto's Olympic Stadium is in fact one of the largest in the NFL, seating 80,165. 🙂
 
and since then there have six additions - Carolina, Jamaica, Kentucky, Las Vegas, Oklahoma and Portland. OTL's Tennessee Titans stayed in Houston
NOTE: take all of this as you will; this is how I would have done it, but this is not my timeline. I'm just adding an American's perspective...and now that I think about it, probably an anal-retentive American at that :)

Running the math, I come up with 50 teams, not 48. There were 28 teams in the NFL in the '80s. The USFL and CFL teams would have made it 44, and the six expansion teams made it 50. Can't imagine expansion is in the cards, unless the NFL wants to put a team in London and Mexico City (and maybe two more from North America: Nashville? Omaha? Norfolk? Sacramento? Salt Lake? Quebec City?).
EDIT: Not impossible, however, for Mark Davis to move the Raiders somewhere else, if not back to LA, then wherever he can get a deal he likes...

You probably haven't won many fans from Nashville with that bit of news about the ITTL Oilers :p (unless Music City got the Showboats to relocate)

With the Canadian population being so high, there has to have had been a push domestically and from FIFA for an all-Canadian soccer league to be established, for the domestic teams to separate completely from MLS and USL. The interest is there for a quality first division, and you can always sell the CONCACAF Champions League as the way for top sides like Toronto FC, Montreal and Vancouver to play clubs like Cosmos, LA Galaxy, Club America and Chivas. I'm sure the proposal for the all-North American league got brought up as well...

(Thanks for putting an NFL team in Kentucky. I have the place for it, too: downtown Louisville, domed stadium named the UPS Dome, built for the NFL, international/domestic soccer, and the NCAA basketball Final Four. A great crown jewel for the city and state alongside the Kentucky Derby, the U of L Cardinals, Louisville City FC, Racing Louisville and...the Kentucky Colonels?)
 
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@Brky2020

As far as similarities and differences go, there are lots of both. Above all else Canadians hold a sense of pride in their accomplishments without being overbearing about it, and few problems are seen as being shames on the nation so much as a problem that comes to Canada for whatever reason that needs solving. That sense of optimism has become pretty engrained in Canada's collective psyche, and it's hard to find anyone who holds a negative attitude about the country itself, though in modern times debates about how to solve problems large and small is a centerpoint of much of Canadian society. The United States is also this way (and has gotten more so since the constitutional amendments of the early 2010s) but Canada has in many ways perfected it. This has at times resulted in some debates that border in the ridiculous, but it has for the most part served Canada well.

All fifteen of Canada's provinces and three of its territories require some level of French proficiency to graduate school, and at professional levels and many vocational ones proficiency in both languages is a practical necessity that is well supported. This includes Quebec, which has the second-highest level of bilingualism in Canada (New Brunswick is first), only in Quebec the second language is English. Both languages are heard all across the country, most often in major cities and in fields where French-speaking businessmen and professionals have been heavily pushing into for decades. Nearly two-thirds of Canada's First Nations population speaks one of the Native languages, and the massive Native communities in Canada hold their own in terms of culture, knowledge and advancement just about everywhere. First Nations are particularly over-represented in the trades in a lot of Canada, resulting in more than a few jokes particularly in Ontario and Alberta about "Native plumbers" and the like.

One key difference is that while Americans frown on the idea of "hypenated Americans" and generally desire a fully American identity (even if different ethnicities mean what an American is is often different depending on the person), Canadians sees little problem with this provided the Canadian portion of the identity comes first, and in the vast majority of cases that is indeed what happens. Studies have shown that in Canada first-generation immigrants are by far the most likely to bring more customs and traditions from their place of origin, but second-generation Canadians (I.e. those born in Canada first) for the most part dispense with many that are incompatible with the rest of Canadian society and a great many third-generation Canadians rarely bother with most aspects of their backgrounds or have integrated them with their Canadian identities. Similarly, while just about all Canadian major cities are made up of a smorgasbord of ethnic neighborhoods, cross-pollination between said neighborhoods happens on a massive scale and many elements of culture - styles, food, music, events, sport and entertainment interests, clothing, even mannerisms - spread across populations rather quickly. The United States sees somewhat less of this, though as a result the United States sees rather more refinement of existing aspects of its own culture.

One of these differences is in religion. The United States has a considerably greater percentage of its population that are religious, though in modern times on both sides of the border more and more of churchgoers have forsaken many aspects of social conservatism, particularly with regards to the LGBTQ community. The vast majority of religious institutions in both countries dedicate themselves to social advancement work and thus their involvement in community affairs is very welcome, but over time the number of the devout as a percentage of the population has fallen considerably.

Bigotry is not common in either nation. Public racism is a serious career-wrecker and held with enormous disdain by the vast majority of the American population and is virtually the kiss of death in Canada to ones career and social standing, and homophobia is highly unwise - in modern times the LGBTQ community has turned a lot of its attention to trans rights, though some position held by some members of the community, such as decriminalizing the non-disclosure of having HIV to potential sexual partners, remains controversial. Canada's LGBTQ community from a government standpoint has all the rights of straight Canadians, including marriage, child and adoption rights.

For Canadians hockey is the single biggest sport, while football is the single biggest sport to Americans as far as fan interest goes, and both sports have a very large amount of interest in the other nation. The NFL is by a considerable margin the largest single sport in terms of TV and internet fan interest (NASCAR and IndyCar racing, however, have a higher number of fans at their events on average, though much of that comes from the size of the facilities they race at) with the NBA in second place and the NHL third. In Canada the NHL wins out easily over the NFL, though interest in the NBA and MLS has been rapidly increasing. Winter sports generally have greater followings in Canada than in the United States. Baseball has struggled in recent times to grow fan interest though it has a vast base of amateur players, which is a similar story to soccer - MLB is still enormously strong in its best markets, though in recent times it has struggled outside of it's core markets. MLS has grown into a vast field of competitive teams but in modern times there is a considerable gap between the haves and the have-nots in MLS, which the league is trying to change.

Professional sports has been joined by vast interest in amateur ones, particularly in sports that can be played with less equipment like basketball and soccer, though the overwhelming majority of Canadians own ice skates and some hockey gear, of course. Some of the amateur sports organizations grow way beyond that - the Compton Cricket Club in Compton, California, for example - but there are tens of thousands of amateur sports organizations that boast millions of competitors. Over two-fifths of Canadians and one-third of Americans have gym memberships and the collective health of both Americans and Canadians has improved considerably since the pandemic.

Since the pandemic, the four-day workweek has become an increasingly common occurrence, particularly as the extraordinarily-high productivity on both sides of the border is heavily influenced by employees who are able to work hard without burning out or seeing the quality of their work decline due to fatigue. Many workplaces now take full advantage of mobile technology in laptops, tablets and smartphones to allow work from just about anywhere, something that has transformed the traditional office. Cubicles now are disappearing, and those that remain are far from the traditional squares of fabric-covered walls. Many employers encourage the use of stress-relief amenities from workout equipment to table tennis tables to massage chairs, and in non-office fields such as industrial facilities workers today rarely are subject to so many of the harsh physical rigours of times past. Many workers on assembly lines are capable to sit at benches while they work and many unionized industrial employers regularly work with the companies to find ways to improve the work experience for their employees, something very common on both sides of the border. Many American industrial firms that make products often have their makers sign their products (this is most common in the auto industry) and have overalls given by the company that are tailored for the worker and include his name and employer as well as interchangeable tags to mark his position. Unions are very common in industrial fields and also now quite common in retail and customer service fields such as hotel and restaurant workers - though since the vast majority of unions in modern times are involved in the management of large companies, the adversarial relationships that once defined relations between unions and employers have all but disappeared. Employee-owned companies are quite common and some are quite huge on both sides of the border, and rare is the CEO of a large firm who wishes to not grow the ranks of employment at his firm. The greats of the business world are those who lead their firms to great accomplishments and achievements. Profits will always be important, but what makes a company in modern times is what it does and what it develops.
 
Because I couldn't let this go...

SCHEDULE
8 games, home/away with other four teams in your division
4 games vs teams in the other four divisions in your conference (1st place teams vs each other, 2nd place teams vs each other, et al)
4 games for 1st-4th place teams in a division against similar teams from another division in the other conference (AFC Central vs NFC West, for example) // 4 games for 5th-place teams against the fifth-place teams in the other conference

PLAYOFFS
Eight teams per conference (five division winners, three wild-cards), knockout-round, conference winners go to the Super Bowl
Grey Cup awarded to the Canadian team that advances the furthest in the playoffs (best overall record if no Canadian team advances to the playoffs)

AFC EAST
Buffalo Bills
Hamilton Tiger-Cats
New England Patriots
New York Jets
Toronto Argonauts

AFC NORTH
Atlantic Schooners
Baltimore Stars
Cleveland Browns
Ottawa Redblacks
Pittsburgh Steelers

AFC CENTRAL
Cincinnati Bengals
Indianapolis Colts
Kansas City Chiefs
Kentucky Trackers
Oklahoma Outlaws

AFC SOUTH
Houston Oilers
Jacksonville Bulls
Jamaica
Memphis Showboats
Miami Dolphins

AFC WEST
British Columbia Battalion
Denver Broncos
Oakland Raiders
San Diego Chargers
Seattle Seahawks

NFC EAST
Dallas Cowboys
New Jersey Generals
New York Giants
Philadelphia Eagles
Washington Football Team

NFC NORTH
Chicago Bears
Detroit Lions
Green Bay Packers
Minnesota Vikings
St. Louis Cardinals

NFC CENTRAL
Calgary Stampeders
Edmonton Football Team (Empire?)
Montreal Alouettes
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Winnipeg Blue Bombers

NFC SOUTH
Atlanta Falcons
Carolina Panthers
New Orleans Saints
San Antonio Gunslingers (Marshals? Texans?)
Tampa Bay Buccaneers

NFC WEST
Arizona Wranglers
Las Vegas
Los Angeles Rams
Portland
San Francisco 49ers
 
50 teams, not 48. There were 28 teams in the NFL in the '80s. The USFL and CFL teams would have made it 44, and the six expansion teams made it 50.
*checks*

You're correct, I'm off. Regardless, I want to keep all of the teams where they are, so 50 it is. It means an extra round of the playoffs too.
You probably haven't won many fans from Nashville with that bit of news about the ITTL Oilers :p (unless Music City got the Showboats to relocate)
Debating that one.
48 teams. Can't imagine expansion is in the cards, unless the NFL wants to put a team in London and Mexico City (and maybe two more from North America: Nashville? Omaha? Norfolk? Sacramento? Salt Lake? Quebec City?).
Again, debating that. Mexico City is a very real possibility (Mexico is much wealthier here), but I'm not sure London is a good idea for distance and time zone reasons. (I didn't go for Hawaii for the same reasons.) Could Nashville and Memphis co-exist would they wreck both franchises? Salt Lake City is a good idea as they are going to be a very different place in the future thanks to the Deseret Sea. Sacramento is too close to San Francisco and Oakland. Quebec City isn't a big enough football market, Omaha is too small. Norfolk....maybe.
EDIT: Not impossible, however, for Mark Davis to move the Raiders somewhere else, if not back to LA, then wherever he can get a deal he likes...
He's staying in Oakland. His Dad got a Super Bowl win in the early 2000s (sorry Tom Brady) and Oakland here is much more prosperous, so that shithole of a stadium they and the A's have to inhabit will be replaced with something worthy of the Raiders and their history and fanbase in the late 2000s and early 2010s, built before Al Davis passes away.
With the Canadian population being so high, there has to have had been a push domestically and from FIFA for an all-Canadian soccer league to be established, for the domestic teams to separate completely from MLS and USL. The interest is there for a quality first division, and you can always sell the CONCACAF Champions League as the way for top sides like Toronto FC, Montreal and Vancouver to play clubs like Cosmos, LA Galaxy, Club America and Chivas. I'm sure the proposal for the all-North American league got brought up as well...
I thought about the idea of the all-Canada soccer league but passed on it because until the 1980s there really wasn't the support in Canada for those teams and by the time there is everyone is going to be interested in the MLS.
(Thanks for putting an NFL team in Kentucky. I have the place for it, too: downtown Louisville, domed stadium named the UPS Dome, built for the NFL, international/domestic soccer, and the NCAA basketball Final Four. A great crown jewel for the city and state alongside the Kentucky Derby, the U of L Cardinals, Louisville City FC, Racing Louisville and...the Kentucky Colonels?)
 
1. First and foremost, your pride in your native country (as well as similar sentiments from other Canadian creators who have worked with you in the past) comes out in this timeline. Having worked with you in the past, I appreciate the detail and thought you put into your world-building and explaining how things work in your world. You don’t just say Canada has a top-tier military, you explain why.

2. Your explanation of religion in American life tracks with what’s happening in OTL, although with the implication that most active Christians have moved away from the right in comparison to their counterparts IOTL. You’re starting to see that now, IOTL's evangelical world. For evangelicalism to adopt a more pro-LGBTQ stance, though, that implies either the main anti-LGBTQ figures (Falwell, Robertson, et al) and leading evangelical theologians either weren’t in the ministry at all, or changed their views. It also implies society in general became accepting of LGBTQ folks and issues much earlier than IOTL.

3. Bigotry should never have been an issue at all in the US, although human nature being as it is, bigotry probably will never be completely eliminated. Racism and slavery should never have come to America at all. I assume that your America, where racism is universally rejected and homo- and transphobia are close to it, is a better place to live on those two counts alone. I also assume ITTL America is a more equal place for all, with people looking at your character and your skills and not caring a lick about your skin color, or where you’re from, or who you love.

4. Your take on sports in both countries is logical, and has parallels with real life. I guess the have-nots in your MLS are the smaller-market teams, and the issue is trying to eliminate or narrow the gap — maybe through revenue sharing?

5. I assume there’s significant government oversight on both sides of the border in regards to the improved conditions for workers. Are there more small and medium-sized businesses in both countries, and conversely less corporate presence (and influence)?
 
Because I couldn't let this go...

SCHEDULE
8 games, home/away with other four teams in your division
4 games vs teams in the other four divisions in your conference (1st place teams vs each other, 2nd place teams vs each other, et al)
4 games for 1st-4th place teams in a division against similar teams from another division in the other conference (AFC Central vs NFC West, for example) // 4 games for 5th-place teams against the fifth-place teams in the other conference

PLAYOFFS
Eight teams per conference (five division winners, three wild-cards), knockout-round, conference winners go to the Super Bowl
Grey Cup awarded to the Canadian team that advances the furthest in the playoffs (best overall record if no Canadian team advances to the playoffs)

AFC EAST
Buffalo Bills
Hamilton Tiger-Cats
New England Patriots
New York Jets
Toronto Argonauts

AFC NORTH
Atlantic Schooners
Baltimore Stars
Cleveland Browns
Ottawa Redblacks
Pittsburgh Steelers

AFC CENTRAL
Cincinnati Bengals
Indianapolis Colts
Kansas City Chiefs
Kentucky Trackers
Oklahoma Outlaws

AFC SOUTH
Houston Oilers
Jacksonville Bulls
Jamaica
Memphis Showboats
Miami Dolphins

AFC WEST
British Columbia Battalion
Denver Broncos
Oakland Raiders
San Diego Chargers
Seattle Seahawks

NFC EAST
Dallas Cowboys
New Jersey Generals
New York Giants
Philadelphia Eagles
Washington Football Team

NFC NORTH
Chicago Bears
Detroit Lions
Green Bay Packers
Minnesota Vikings
St. Louis Cardinals

NFC CENTRAL
Calgary Stampeders
Edmonton Football Team (Empire?)
Montreal Alouettes
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Winnipeg Blue Bombers

NFC SOUTH
Atlanta Falcons
Carolina Panthers
New Orleans Saints
San Antonio Gunslingers (Marshals? Texans?)
Tampa Bay Buccaneers

NFC WEST
Arizona Wranglers
Las Vegas
Los Angeles Rams
Portland
San Francisco 49ers
My ideas for NFL team names: Jamaica Redbills, Washington Federals, Portland Breakers, Las Vegas Rollers. Seriously, what's wrong with the Ottawa Roughriders?
 
Assuming Nashville and Memphis have developed ITTL the same way their IOTL counterparts did, then your Nashville is a growing city -- similar to Austin, and on the level of a Charlotte or Indianapolis -- and Memphis is on the decline. Nashville would have the corporate base to support major league sports, and if they only have the NHL (Predators) and MLS (Nashville SC), then there's probably a lot of fan and corporate demand for the NFL, MLB and/or the NBA. If they don't have the Predators (I couldn't find any reference to Nashville NOT being in your NHL) then Music City probably holds the title as the largest metro area on the continent without a major pro sports team.

It's a fun city; I've been there several times. There's also a Canadian connection, via the country music industry.
 
My friend is asking, what are the automobile companies in the Philippines in this timeline?
Leyland Philippines. :p

But really though, this is a Canuck- and (to a lesser extent) Commonwealth-wank. There's no reason why can't the British automobile and aviation industry be saved and achieve great things.

Marc A
 
Leyland Philippines. :p

But really though, this is a Canuck- and (to a lesser extent) Commonwealth-wank. There's no reason why can't the British automobile and aviation industry be saved and achieve great things.

Marc A
Oh you have no idea....hehehe

Short synopsis on the Automotive front:

North America
North America has five major automobile manufacturers - General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, American Motors and Westland-Reynard (If you count Tesla, six) and several smaller ones. It's similar to the world of The Land of Milk and Honey in that regard. Canada is a major auto exporter, as all of the above have manufacturing and assembly facilities in Canada, as do Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Leyland, Volvo, BMW and Hyundai-Kia. All of those (except Volvo and Leyland) operate in the United States as well, and Nissan, Renault, Subaru, Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz, Peugeot and Mitsubishi. The automobile output of these nations is humongous, of course, but as most North American cities have better transit systems and urban sprawl is much less than OTL, the car market is rather greater pushed towards fun cars than utilitarian ones, and as SUVs and light trucks count towards fuel economy rules (they didn't until 2013 IOTL) the average size of North American cars is considerably smaller than OTL. Trucks and SUVs still sell a lot, of course, but in modern times smaller trucks, car-based ones (like the "Utes" of Australia and the "Bakkies" of southern Africa) and crossovers are much bigger sellers. Small sports cars, hatchbacks and sporty smaller sedans make up much bigger portions of the market in modern times.

Commonwealth
The Commonwealth's largest maker of automobiles is the Leyland Group, as here they were never forced into British Leyland (thank you Canadian and Australian investors for stopping that shitpile of a creation) but instead picked up the busted remains of BMC after it went belly-up. As the Commonwealth really leans on local manufacturing for economic reasons, Leyland operates facilities in Canada, Australia, South Africa, India and Malaysia, and sells to the rest of the world out of these, while also making electronics in Hong Kong and engines and transmissions in New Zealand. Ontario's Trillium Fund is General Motors' largest single shareholder and GM is the largest-seller of cars in Canada, just ahead of Westland-Reynard (the two have traded the top-seller spot back and forth for the best part of two decades) and well ahead of Honda, Toyota and Ford, with the more-upmarket Leyland in sixth. Australia and New Zealand are dominated by the three-company slugout between GM's Holden division, Leyland (in Australia the cars are actually badged as Leylands, elsewhere most of the lineup is badged as Triumphs) and Ford. South Africa's own Verona Autotechnica began operations in 1997 as part of post-apartheid development efforts and grew into a major maker of smaller cars, and India's Tata Automotive Group is also a major seller in many poorer countries. Westland-Reynard bought a controlling interest in Subaru from parent Fuji Heavy Industries in 1995, have been a major investor in Fiat since 2009 and have sold Verona's products around the world since 2011.

As the world's economy is much larger in this world, the market is much bigger, but many markets around the world make some form of local manufacture a rather important condition for market acceptance of the cars and thus assembly plants for cars are all over the world, and even many luxury cars are assembled abroad. Since the mid-2000s the Commonwealth has had similar-enough regulations on automobiles that cars sold anywhere in the Central Commonwealth can be used anywhere (though Canada and Israel are the lone countries of the Central Commonwealth that drive on the right and thus right-hand-drive cars face certain issues driving on Canadian and Israeli roads, though there are no legal restrictions against them) and movement of cars across the world is fairly common as a result. Since 1996 Japan and the Commonwealth's standards authorities have been using common standards for vehicles, resulting in the vast majority of Japanese and Commonwealth vehicles being able to be sold in the other markets, something which when combined with Japan's stringent motor vehicle inspection standards have resulted in vast number of Japanese cars being sold abroad, particularly in India and Africa, and has allowed Leyland and Westland-Reynard in particular to be able to sell cars in Japan in higher-priced categories.
 
1. First and foremost, your pride in your native country (as well as similar sentiments from other Canadian creators who have worked with you in the past) comes out in this timeline. Having worked with you in the past, I appreciate the detail and thought you put into your world-building and explaining how things work in your world. You don’t just say Canada has a top-tier military, you explain why.
Firstly, I do appreciate the complients, thank you. Your passion for sports is a great thing too, and the effort you put into that shows as well. 🙂

Having grown up in Canada but then gone to university in the United States and then having worked in the US, Australia and South Africa, I have gained a much greater appreciation for my native country and what it has to offer. Yes, I could make more money at my job in the United States, but the US' health care system is a source of bitter rage to me, I have great disdain for American politics and an awful lot of American society in general has such a "I got mine, so you can f*** off" attitude that I have a hard time comprehending how society functions, even in the liberal, beautiful Seattle and warm, sunny Los Angeles where I lived during most of my time in the United States. (Full disclosure: I had the Columbia River Treaty ITTL go Britain's way early in the TL in large part so I could have Seattle be in Canadian territory.)

That appreciation is also part of the reason that I have developed my TheMann Universe with the United States always being a much more liberal, sociable, considerate-of-each-other universe, as is Canada's much stronger armed forces, much-greater value-added industries and much-better treatment of Native Canadians.
2. Your explanation of religion in American life tracks with what’s happening in OTL, although with the implication that most active Christians have moved away from the right in comparison to their counterparts IOTL. You’re starting to see that now, IOTL's evangelical world. For evangelicalism to adopt a more pro-LGBTQ stance, though, that implies either the main anti-LGBTQ figures (Falwell, Robertson, et al) and leading evangelical theologians either weren’t in the ministry at all, or changed their views. It also implies society in general became accepting of LGBTQ folks and issues much earlier than IOTL.
I wouldn't say that active Christians have moved away from the right so far as the goalposts have shifted as far as what is "the right" in America. People like Falwell and Robertson were loathed by a lot of the Republicans when they first came around but grew to be respected for their abilities at getting out the vote, so much that their (many) personal and management failings were for the most part overlooked. That didn't happen here - the main loud voices who affiliated themselves with Reagan suffered when his Presidency went down in flames as a result of the General Strike, the Church Committee and Operation Condor, and the more-moderate Republican forces took the Presidency back only to have Newt Gingrich fuck it up again for them, and Gingrich being in part responsible for Bill Clinton and Paul Wellstone's election to the Presidency pretty much did them in for good. The GOP by the early 2000s was the party of the likes of Colin Powell, John Kasich, John McCain, Mitt Romney, Rudy Giuliani (before he started losing his mind) and the like - social moderates, economic conservatives - and they ended up being beneficiaries in many states from the amendments of the late Wellstone era. The likes of Falwell and Robertson ended up being a very small minority among the Republicans, even as they rode with John Huntsman Jr. and Susan Collins to two terms in the White House. Today the GOP is similar in a lot of ways of Harper-era Canadian Conservatives, though minus the demands for privatization - in fact if anything that has been reversed, as the United States government is learning that government-owned corporations can be very useful tools to achieve policy goals.

As far as changed views, more than anything that was just a result of more LGBTQ people coming out of the closet and it becoming obvious that there was a great many of them and that making them suffer because of who they are was simply cruel. And yes, the acceptance in overall society towards homosexuality in America is considerably accelerated from OTL, which leads to the additional people coming out of the closet. The greatest legacies of Falwell, Robertson, Swaggart and Bakker was to be seen as the antithesis of people like Billy Graham (famed in this world for his full-throated desires for racial integration, though less so for being opposed to women working and homophobia later in life) and other pioneering televangelists, who generally were positive voices to those around - something that most certainly can't be said of many later televangelists.
3. Bigotry should never have been an issue at all in the US, although human nature being as it is, bigotry probably will never be completely eliminated. Racism and slavery should never have come to America at all. I assume that your America, where racism is universally rejected and homo- and transphobia are close to it, is a better place to live on those two counts alone. I also assume ITTL America is a more equal place for all, with people looking at your character and your skills and not caring a lick about your skin color, or where you’re from, or who you love.
I agree on all fronts, and while as you say bigotry is unlikely to ever be totally eliminated, in modern America ITTL it gets you into serious trouble really quickly. Modern American politicians and political advisors know that to win you need the most people to vote for you (especially true after the Wellstone-era amendments) and trying to curry favor from any one group by hating on another never works.

And yes, the America of ITTL is a much more equal place. It's economy is actually a little bit bigger (10-15%) than OTL but it is much more evenly distributed. Poverty in America is way less than OTL, and while there are fewer people of gargantuan wealth there is a massive middle class and a strong class of those at the top of the upper-middle-class who are legitimate millionaires, usually through running their own businesses, professional services and the like. All Americans have proper health care coverage (the level of which varies but starts at a pretty comprehensive level) and American schools are very good, though again they vary depending on where one is educated. Such better education and better life prospects also helps with the reduction of bigotry, as people with less education and poorer economic prospects tend to be more susceptible to bigotry.
4. Your take on sports in both countries is logical, and has parallels with real life. I guess the have-nots in your MLS are the smaller-market teams, and the issue is trying to eliminate or narrow the gap — maybe through revenue sharing?
Correct. There is a certain level of this in all pro sports (the NBA suffers pretty badly from it too, and its present in the NFL, MLB and NHL as well), but the MLS has it worse than most because of the lure of players to go to Europe for greater salaries or players being brought from Europe to play for North American clubs. Revenue sharing does help with this, but what the MLS is also trying is putting popular smaller-market clubs, like Sporting KC, the Columbus Crew, Real Salt Lake and the Rocky Mountain Thunder, on the nationally-televised games to get them out to more viewers. The MLS started doing this in the late 1990s and introduced the Designated Player Rule in 2001, the latter allowing two players per team to not be subject to the salary cap rules. That ended up being a success that the NBA and NHL sorta-emulated - for them, you are allowed to have two players exempt from the salary cap, but only to a maximum contract and only if they were drafted by the team, aiming to allow teams who drafted top players to keep them rather than see them leave as a result of free agency. (The MLS, obviously, has no draft requirement.)
5. I assume there’s significant government oversight on both sides of the border in regards to the improved conditions for workers. Are there more small and medium-sized businesses in both countries, and conversely less corporate presence (and influence)?
You are correct on both fronts. In addition to that, as mentioned before, there is a strong push by corporate investors to revive businesses through advancement and innovation and not by short-term movements such as layoffs to reduce payroll, and where companies do need to shed excess, they frequently sell it to management groups or worker co-operatives, of which there is many on both sides of the border. In addition to the government oversight, there are literally millions of pages on the internet and social media that act as sounding boards for poor company management and/or working conditions, which means poor management doesn't take long to get out into the open, and particularly in the Commonwealth many customers will take that into account when making purchasing decisions, and not to the benefit of the companies that are poor places to work.
 
Look at the Saskatchewan name 😉
OTL, both teams had the same name - until the Ottawa team went under. When they started up a NEW team in that market, Saskatchewan vetoed them getting the old name back....

Note that most places, the team is named after the city. Not so for Saskatchewan!
Having grown up in the province, you knew you really didn't want to be on the Saskatoon-Regina highway on a game day,!!!
 
Part 32 - Medical Advancements, Peak Performance, The Global Cup of Ice Hockey and The Films of the Age
Part 32 - Medical Advancements, Peak Performance, The Global Cup of Ice Hockey and The Films of the Age

By the 2030s, the world's globalization had shifted the world's economic and cultural goalposts in ways that had once been the realm of science fiction. As climate change made the world wetter, what it also did was grow the creation in many parts of the world of crops that weren't merely the food staples that humans needed - rice, wheat, corn, sugarcane, potatoes, soybeans, milk and dairy products - but also vast quantities of many other kinds of crops. Production of coffee, tea, cocoa, grapes, nuts, citrus fruits, kiwifruit, peaches and nectarines and many other kinds of tree fruits grew dramatically with the new lands available to agriculture, and the development of lab-grown meat in the 2020s made possiblea dramatic fall in the prices of many meats, thus creating a division between "natural" meat and lab-grown meat that, of course, saw most of the sellers of "natural" beef, pork and chicken develop their products into new fields. Concerns about the overuse of farmland in many places in North America saw a massive growth in the growth of orchards and increasing rotation of crops with a desire to allow the soil in many places to improve. This created many new developments in food both in Canada and around the world, as the improving diets of people that resulted from the development of new cooking techniques was soon added to with new products and developments.

Perhaps one of the most noteworthy developments in Canada was the development of sandwiches into new forms and dessert berries, and the growth in the use of sugarcane. Dessert berries had long a reality in many parts of Asia and some parts of Europe, but in North America their use in many forms swelled dramatically in the 21st Century. Sandwiches of course were known to every Canadian, but in this case the place many of the ideas had been taken from was Japan, who had made sandwiches over time into almost an art form in many ways and Canada was quick to follow the idea. Many of Canada's better culinary elements had made their way across the world during the same time period - even poutine had come to be seen as less unhealthy as over time two-stage baking of potatoes and the use of poutine sauce rather than gravies rather improved the dish's rather-awful fat content - and so it was only fair that a lot came back the other way. The use of sugarcane was more than anything a direct result of the Commonwealth ties, as Australia and India were two of the world's larger producers of sugarcane, and the development of Canadian sugarcane in tropical regions and sugar beets in the St. Lawrence River Valley and parts of Atlantic Canada also contributed to this. The Empire Company's food stores (Sobeys, FreshCo, some Safeways, Foodland) began the "Better ingredients, better food" campaigns in the early 2020s out of a desire to separate themselves from rivals, but it ended up being much more successful than many at first realized in that it worked hand-in-hand with the growing desires for better products and consumers' growing awareness of what was good and what was bad in many foods.

The development of HIV vaccines made a massive impact in Africa, and Moderna's trials were quick to be supported in the Commonwealth, which both had confidence in the company's mRNA vaccine development (COVID-20 proved that) and a massive hope for the ability for the virus to be tamed, as South Africa and India both suffered badly from the virus, and while education on sexually transmitted diseases had slowed its spread and much-improved health care in both nations had done much to reduce its death toll, the Commonwealth very much hoped that it could wipe out the disease entirely at some point, though it noted that that was not likely a short-term project. However, was with the collection of diseases eradicated during the 2020s and Smallpox's edarication in the late 1970s, the hope existed and few nations weren't willing to help, and Moderna's successful vaccine was soon joined by a similar RNA vaccine developed by AstraZeneca, HK Biotechnica, CSL and Valeant Healthcare, and with it came the prospect of a growth in the treatment of HIV in the West. By 2040, the combination of vaccinations and treatment had all but eradicated HIV's spread in Western nations (though treatment of AIDS patients would continue for some time to come) and was making major headway in less-developed parts of the world.

Indeed, the development of mRNA vaccines was one of the forefronts of a major wave of new technologies for treating conditions from the 2020s onward. Concerns about the use of the overuse of many kinds of antibiotics led to reductions in their use over time, with probiotics and other treatments being used instead as ways of fighting bacterial infections in order to reduce their use. What also began to be developed was the creation of abiotic body components, making possible for the first time the very real prospect of both gene splicing to create "designer babies" and the development of transhumanism into a reality, something that began to be a major debate in the late 2020s and throughout the 2030s as to their ethics, particularly with regards to designer babies and the idea of even using it to eradicate potentially-troublesome genetic diseases such as autism spectrum disorder or very-serious ones such as cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs Disease or ALS. The debates as to what was ethical to do with the human genome became a topic of massive debate across the world over time, resulting in even entire nations shifting apart from each other over these debates. By the late 2030s, such developments had grown to a fever pitch and was seeing even the normally very-united Commonwealth split on the issue, as while Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong and the United Kingdom were entirely in favour of such developments, South Africa, Ireland, Israel and particularly India were much more on the side of limiting the development of such technologies. Regardless of the debates surrounding both implants and gene splicing, the advancements in the science in the early decades of the 21st Century were enormous, and with it came the obviously-desirable possibilities of developing ways of further screening and then adapting the DNA of children in order to make it possible to make many genetic diseases disappear. Tay-Sachs Disease, which is far more common in Ashenkazi Jews than any other population (and French Canadians are another group far more commonly effected than others) was an early target both because of its awful effects and its ability to be beaten through gene therapy, as was ALS for similar reasons.

Beyond the genetic improvements, massive improvements in medical science and the improved diets in much of the world had the effect of adding to the already-rapid growth in life expectancy for humans, as well as their ability to maintain higher physical or mental performance levels. By the late 2020s, even players in very physically demanding sports such as hockey, basketball and gridiron football were seeing careers stretch longer than ever before - the mid-40s retirements of several NHL legends in the 2010s and 2020s (a list of players that included Jaromir Jagr, Eric Lindros, Martin Brodeur, Zdeno Chara, Nicklas Lidstrom, Mats Sundin and Jarome Iginla) ended up being the beginning of a trend among the best in the NHL who took good care of their bodies - the first-overall picks in 2015 (Connor McDavid) and 2016 (Auston Matthews) both played their last NHL games in 2040. It was a similar story in many ways in other sports, but in gridiron football, the massive troubles with head injuries that had become blindingly apparent in the 2010s, led the NFL to steadily change the rules of their sport in the 2010s and 2020s, including the development of helmets in the 2020s that included magnetorheological fluid to reduce the impacts on the head. Regardless of this, the NFL ended up developing rules that resulted in a wider field and the league began switching towards rugby-style tackling techniques, and growing the number of players on a team - positions that saw regular hits, such as defensive linemen and running backs, began to be required to be swapped out for other players, growing rosters from 53 men on an NFL team in 2020 to 80 players by 2032, a situation that was mirrored in the NHL, which saw its ice sizes grow wider and the nets grow in the 2020s. Over time, players and sports that saw less debilitating injuries began to grab much more of the spotlight in the world of sports, a reality that basketball and association football immensely enjoyed.

Beyond that, the wild sports worlds of the 21st Century were joined by the Olympics, which grew into a truly unique world by the middle of the Century. The Olympics had begun with Barcelona in 1992 seeking out hosting bids that would leave a long-lasting positive impact from the games (Toronto in 1996 did this through its transit improvements, beautifully-improved cityscape, giant growth in low-income housing availability and long-lasting co-operation between the city's various cultural communities, and that was just the start of it) and it showed in dramatic fashion as the Olympic Games began to be used by cities and nations as a way of showing off their arrival to the world. Tokyo had done this so extraordinarily well in 1964 and Seoul had done similarly well for Korea in 1988, but the Games across the world took lessons from Canada's hosting the Winter Olympics in Calgary in 1988 and the Summer Olympics in Toronto in 1996 in that raising local support for the Games would be the absolute best way of ensuring long-term success, and cities followed it. By 2020, the Olympic Games were to its hosts the best chance a city and a nation could ever have to invite the world and show just how they lived - and it became abundantly clear how well this did during the decades. Nowhere did this get done better than the Commonwealth of Nations' hosting of games, as they did it five times in 24 years for the Summer Olympics - 1996 in Toronto had been followed by 2004 in Jerusalem, 2008 in Mumbai, 2012 in Cape Town and 2020 in Hong Kong - and in all five cases the games themselves were an absolute triumph. The Olympic Games in every case were part of a vast series of parties, events, cultural exhibitions and other ways to allow both locals and visitors in their millions to enjoy themselves, and again the 1996 Olympics in Toronto had been the first (and in the minds of many, the high-water mark) in that the entire city seemed to be in on the fun, as the city had packed a year's worth of fun into a month for visitors and whose tourist industry lived off of the benefits of it for decades afterwards. The Olympics began to be seen less of a commercial event (despite the growth in sports played) and more of a vast collection of sports events that were part of a wild time in one of the world's greatest cities or places.

This couldn't stop there, of course. The major professional sports leagues in North America in the aftermath of the COVID-20 pandemic all had their seasons re-open with massive exhibition games in order to get the fans excited to have their sports back, and in every case the leagues pulled out all the stops for this. The NHL kicked off its 2021-22 season with perhaps the wildest stunt of all, creating a FA Cup-style tournament for CHL, with the ECHL, the three Canadian Major Junior hockey leagues (QMJHL, OHL and WHL) and AHL teams to compete with the NHL, with its new wider ice surface and larger goaltender nets. The hockey world got the mother of all stuns when the Memorial Cup Champion Rouyn-Nouranda Huskies and the Oshawa Generals (whom they had vanquished in the Memorial Cup Final) made their way all the way to the final eight teams of the tournament, the Huskies pulling off one of the greatest upsets in NHL history when they prevailed over the NHL's Chicago Blackhawks in making it to the round of Sixteen and the Generals taking the Boston Bruins to double overtime in their Round of Sixteen game. When the NHL did this again four years later, they invited the teams of the European CHL and the Russian Kontinental Hockey League as well, as well as making a way for teams to be nominated by people involved to enter the tournament, and as a result a team from Korea (the Asia League champion Anyang Halla) was also invited to what the NHL termed the "Global Cup of Ice Hockey". As with four years prior, there were some monumental upsets, and the Anyang Halla and KHL champion Lokomotiv Jaroslavl made it all the way to the "Great Eight" eight finalists, and the latter took the defending Stanley Cup Champion Philadelphia Flyers to overtime in their match. (The Flyers made a point of inviting the Lokomotiv to come to town to play an exhibition game in Philadelphia at the end of their respective seasons, and the second time around the Russian team was victorious 7-6 in the rematch in Philadelphia that became known as the "Broad Street Gunfight", and made sure memories of the 1970s exhibition match between the Flyers and the Red Army team were left behind rather quickly.)

The NBA played it a little differently by hosting a special All-Star tournament to start off its 2021-22 season, but they got four full 15-player teams and made sure at least one player from every NBA team was part of the festivities, and having fans choose the captains of the teams - in the end LeBron James of Los Angeles Lakers, Giannis Antetokounmpo of the Milwaukee Bucks, Kawhi Leonard of the Toronto Raptors and Danian Lillard of the Portland Trailblazers got the nods as the team Captains, with the other 56 players drafted by their team captains. The format proved immensely popular among the fans and would become the regular format for the All-Star games in the NBA, helped along by the prize of $500,000 for each player on the victorious team - a prize that led to spectacular play in the first tournament, including the 6'3" long-range specialist Stephen Curry of the Golden State Warriors blocking a lay-up attempt by 7'1", 280-pound Philadelphia 76ers Center Joel Embiid, the Seattle Supersonics' monstrous power forward Zion Williamson's soon-to-be-famous one-handed dunk and the Raptors' enormous (7'5", 345 pounds) Center Sim Bhullar pulling a backboard out of its frame during one of the games.

While the world of sports and personal fitness was a hallmark of the 2020s owing to the post-pandemic world and the desire to improve one's physical conditioning, the world of entertainment was to see many dramatic changes of its own. Streaming services that had made such a killing and the growth of the Internet made sure people wanted their entertainment everywhere, and the growth of smartphones as do-it-all devices over time ultimately began to reverse, as dedicated music players and paired headphones and speakers offered sound quality no smart phone could hope to match and laptops and larger-screen devices made it people to watch their desired entertainment choices, the limitations of the human eyes and ears forcing the reversal of miniturization trends. Canadian "Entertainment Creation Studios" Lionsgate and MGM were at the center of new creations, as the Commonwealth's extraordinary growth of content creators created as a nexus of English-speaking media creation that seriously shook the American stranglehold on the world's English-speaking movie industry, helped along by Indian preferences to work with other Commonwealth partners and the ability of the Commonwealth producers to snag talent from American studios, though that regularly also worked in the other direction. The 2000s and 2010s rash of Canadian TV shows sold to Americans was matched by the massive growth of movies in the 2020s that became co-productions across the Commonwealth as well as with the Americans. Canadian producers re-wrote the rules of movies based on video games with Deus Ex: Human Revolution, Heavy Rain, System Shock and Perfect Dark, all absolutely brilliantly done, while the Commonwealth nations' love for visually-stunning movies kicked off by Avatar and fed by the DC and Marvel Universe's films was fed by God From The Machine, Blue Planet, Midnight Club, Dark Dreamers, The Fallen: Genesis, For The Angel's Heart, The Triad and Electric Dancer, many of which fed the viewpoint held by many in the film industry in the late 2010s and early 2020s that Hollywood was too focused on the easy money of sequels and remakes, allowing others to take over the storytelling that had made the industry so great. This viewpoint more than a little irked the industry in the United States, but it wasn't until six straight Academy Award wins for Commonwealth productions - awarded to Dark Dreamers in 2017, Crazy Rich Asians in 2018, For The Angel's Heart in 2019, Deus Ex: Human Revolution in 2020, Chasing Hearts in 2021 and A Memory Called Empire in 2022 - that the American studios began to search for ways of putting one over on their English-speaking rivals. This rivalry defined the film industry for the 2020s and into the 2030s, and led directly to the Commonwealth's movies becoming widely distributed all over the world and a rapid growth of Indian cinema's fusion with North American, British and Australasian cinema influences, all of the above further influenced by Asian film influences, particularly those of Hong Kong and Singapore. The resulting films of what would be termed "The Great Rivalry" between the American and Commonwealth creators - Pacifica, Master of Dragons, The Sword of Damocles, Terra Nova, Mirror's Edge, Singularity, Crusaders For The Devil, City of God, West Coast, Femme Divine, The Black Javelin - would do much to contribute to a massive revival in storytelling in the film industries all around the world.
 
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