“Undefeated Warrior Leviathan (1994-1995)
DIR: Mamoru Oshii, Rumiko Takahashi
Undo Sanuki, a junior high school student, is witness to the assassination of a leading government minister at the height of a major crisis between his own United Federation of Free Colonies and the rival Tranzkar Empire. Barely escaping with his life, Undo is soon plunged head-first into a world of interstellar conflict, ancient conspiracies and of course, piloting the titular Leviathan, the secret weapon in the war against the brutal regime bent on the destruction of his nation. However, the toll of fighting at such a young age takes its toll on the young soldier, who soon falls on a downward spiral of depression and anguish, along with his two comrades, the stoic Mari Hoyotagama and the proud and haughty Taro Tarakushi.
Whilst originally being firmly set within the “Real Robot” genre, the series takes numerous inspirations from the counterpart “Super Robot” style of mecha anime and as the story processors, we see influences ranging from Yoshiyuki Tomino’s Space Runaway Ideon and Mobile Suit Omega Gundam to the psychological tour-de-force of Galaxy Express 999. The latter played a major role in the nature of “conjoining” within the series, the merging of the human mind with the robotic body of the Leviathan. This is a concept which gains a prominant role towards the second half of the 24-episode long series.
Leviathan came about as a co-operative project between Oshii and Takahashi at the end of the eighties. The two had previously colaberated in creating an animated version of Takahashi’s Urusei Yatsura saga in 1981 and, having forged a good working relationship, were able to develop Leviathan into one of the most influential franchises in Japanese media history, spanning a series, numerous spin off manga, soundtracks, games and two films. The first, Voices from a Distant Star, acts as a retelling of the original TV show whereas the second, Immanentise the Eschaton, takes the already bleak ending of the anime to greater heights as Sanuki unleashes the full power of the battle robot against the two factions and the shadowy conspiracy controlling the galactic-wide conflict. The film shocked the sensibilities of audiences with its graphic depictions of sex and violence, but is rightly placed as being one of the most influential animated films of the 1990’s, becoming the first anime film to be nominated for an Oscar in 1998.
Whilst fundamentally an deconstruction of the genre, the two also used Leviathan to appraise the role of technology with organic life. Sanuki slowly begins to question his own humanity as he is dragged into the military systems of the titular mecha, a concept that Oshii would go onto develop in his 1999 masterpiece, A God from the Machine.”
-From: “The Anime Encyclopaedia” Jonathan Clements and Helen McCarthy: Macmillan 2008
“In the end, the formal split in the SDP came during the coup attempt in Russia when Shirley was in Bonn dealing with the EEC’s response to the crisis. While myself and Roy were very content with the coalition deal, which had given us our aim of referenda on electoral reform and reforms to taxation, David and his supporters found themselves far more suited to a loose arrangement with the Tories, especially after the defections that occurred soon after Lamont began denouncing the Treaty of Bruges, the signing of which would become such a major issue in the towards the end of the Parliament.
Although the coalition had been on a fairly formal basis ever since the election, because David still retained a great deal of support from the right-wing of the alliance, he was able to demand a special conference in early December to vote on whether or not to remain a part of the arrangement with the Labour Party. It’s worth pointing out that, while he had claimed to have defected to the Conservatives soon after Michael Heseltine took office, in reality, he was instead a member of a scion of the SDP and was treated as such in Hansard. His faction were instead in a form of an electoral pact with the Tories, though that wouldn’t really become formalised until the end of the year. In the end, our activists voted around 67% in favour of the maintaing the status quo and remaining part of the Labour-Alliance government.
Well, of course, that wasn’t enough for David and he promptly stormed out of Methodist Central Hall and announced that he and his supporters, who numbered around 17 MP’s after all but three of the ex-Conservatives joined him, would caucus as an independent force within the House of Commons. This did little to affect the power of the government, which still held a ten seat majority, but it was clear that the PM would have to have another election sooner rather than later. It is rather amusing though regarding the lack of coverage that David received on what he assumed would be his great PR triumph, everyone else was far more bothered about the small matter of the Civil War developing in Russia!”
-Former Speaker of the House of Councillors, William Rodgers, in an interview from the recent Channel Four documentary “Back to Your Constituencies: The Rise and Fall of the Social Democratic Party”
“The Committee for the Protection of State Security regretfully announces the death of Comrade General-Secretary Kaganovich after a period of great stress. After democratic internal party debate, the Politburo has appointed Comrade Grishin, the former Party leader in Moscow so unfairly cast aside by the wrecker-supporters of the discredited bourgeois leadership of Mikhail Sergeyevich to the position of Supreme Leader of the Soviet Union who will preside over the return of the USSR to her position as the greatest and most democratic nation in history.
In-keeping with this desire to return full democracy to the people, curfew will be extended to all hours of the day and night in Moscow, Kiev and Leningrad under penally of arrest.”
-Except from a speech by Gennady Yanayev, Minister for Internal Security, broadcast on all channels, December 15th 1987
“Arriving in Bonn on the fifteenth, it was clear that the situation in the Soviet Union was growing increasingly grave. Most nations had evacuated all but the most essential staff from their embassies. This was an understandable reaction given the risk to safety, but not one that did much to help us understand the situation in Moscow. We soon found ourselves having to rely on the stretchy details coming from William Casey, the American Ambassador who, while superb, wasn’t possessed of the skills needed to react as rapidly as he perhaps needed to.
My counterpart in France at this point was Charles Pasqua who had effectively taken over the Foreign Ministry as well as being Prime Minister. Charles and I consistently pushed for official recognition of the administration that had been set up in Kiev around Yegor Ligachev rather than trying to moderate the stance of the hardliners in Moscow. At this point, we had no idea of how weak the support base of the coup leaders was so we both assumed that we were taking a far larger risk that we thought. We were aided in our attempts to make overtures to the Soviet loyalists by the superb skills of Eduard Shevardnadze, Gorbachev’s former foreign minister who few to Germany on the night of the fourteenth of December to call for Western intervention. It was already clear that the Soviet Union in its current form was doomed, and it would be Shevardnadze far more so than Ligachev who would play the leading role in its reformation.”
-From “A Woman’s Place” Shirley Williams: HarperCollins 1998
“I suppose that it is possible that unless the situation is resolved soon the Soviets could use nuclear weapons against their own people. And you know what Chris? F*** ‘em!”
-Overheard comment from a discussion between Shadow Home Secretary Christopher Chope [1] and former Defence Secretary Alan Clark
“By the end of the second day of the coup attempt in Moscow, neither I, the President or the Cabinet had had more than a few hours of sleep. One of my most vivid memories of that week was walking into the Oval Office to witness a heated argument between Secretary Kirkpatrick and the President over whether to support the European’s backing of the Ligachev government. George was in favour of it, claiming that it was the best option available to ensure the stability of the post-coup Russian whereas Jeane was vehemently opposed to any support for a communist government, claiming instead that we should support the fledgling independence movements in the USSR, starting with the Baltic states. The President was furious at that, claiming that destabilising an already unsteady country would be disastrous, particularly as that nation was in possession of the world’s largest nuclear arsenal.
At this point, it wasn’t helping the White House that we had an election to fight, we knew that the President would see his campaign won or lost on how we dealt with the Soviets. There was still a bit of the Reagan factor in the polls and if we could tap into that, we knew that all the straw polls, all the bad press and all the Democrat verbal barbs would be cast aside on a wave of patriotic feeling if we could win the war of words against us. On the night of the fifteenth of December, just as we heard the news of mutiny by the Red Army troop sent in to crush a pro-independence rally in Tallinn, the President made up his mind.”
-From “Rotunda Dreams: The Autobiography of a Pragmatic Chief of Staff” Tom Ridge: Little, Brown and Company 1997
“The US people present their full support to the reformist administration of Mr. Ligachev and hope that the current difficulties in the Soviet Union are resolved as soon as possible.
The US people stand firm with the freedom-loving people of Estonia and will provide every assistance in their fight for independence from the autocratic regime in Moscow”
-The full text of both of the infamous Fort David Declarations, cited in “The Demise of Brinkmanship: Small State Diplomacy during the Bush Presidency” Dr. Condoleezza Rice: Princeton University Press 1994
[1] I realise that I erroneously stated that the current Shadow Home Secretary was Patrick Jenkin, this is somewhat hard given that the latter was shot at Westminster Abbey.
[2] I also cocked up the dates in the previous update by randomly jumping ahead one year, just to reiterate, the current events are happening in December 1987.