Umm,it may seem like a slightly odd question,but how much damage could a 250000 megaton nuclear bomb cause? How would it affect the environment if tested on land or in the Ocean?
Not at all. If I remember correctly, Tsar Bomba was designed for a 100 Megaton payload, and reduced to 50 Megatons so that the bomber crew would be able to escape the blast area.
Your Bomb is 250 Gigatons. Compared to Tsar Bomba (50Mt):
Tsar Bomba triggered a 5.0 Earthquake on the ground, despite being burst well above the ground. It's fireball was 4.6 Km across, Third Degree Burns would happen at 100 KM from the blast radius and blast damage was found as far as 1,000 KM from the blast effect.
So your weapon is going to have about 16 times the blast radius--a Fireball over 73 KM across, Third Degree Burns at 1,600 KM from the blast radius and damage at 16,000 KM from the blast effect (which happens to be on the other side of the entire planet).
Now, its possible with advance warning that many people would survive @1,600 KM if they could get to a subbasement or something. But then there is the question of Radiation, which would almost certainly reap a terrible toll on humanity. This explosion is so powerful that it would trigger volcanic activity if detonated near the ground and a huge amount of dirt will become irradiated. This might not extinct humanity, but if the weapon was detonated in Europe I'd expect the survivors to be in Australia and South America.
Very fortunately, the emphasis on giant nuclear weapons has ebbed with the increase precision of computers. Nuclear weapons are getting smaller, and a 250 Gigaton weapon is not in the cards.