I don't quite think this is possible. The US team wasn't all that good against Belgium; the goalkeeper being the best player was a telling fact. Now, let's say that the US scores within regular time (don't really remember if the US had any real good scoring chances in that time, but goals can happen in the most stupidest of ways, as De Sciglio has proven against Parma). If the US can keep defending until the final whistle, it'll still be a horrendous struggle, but perhaps not going to Extended time would mitigate the effects somehwat.
But then the US faces Argentina, and they simply won't win that unless Messi doesn't play. Assuming that Bismarck's comment about the USA's luck holds and Messi slips in the shower, the US team is still looking at a really tough match again. Argentina can win without Messi though.
And now if the US team manages to survive that, they get the Oranje, who will most likely run circles around them. But as OTL showed, they can be defeated by surviving to the penalties against them.
But then comes Germany, straight after their 1940.-type victory against Brazil...
In all honesty, the 3rd place may be plausible, even if it is improbable. But winning the Cup is beyond the reach of this US generation. Perhaps after Russia they could have a chance, but not now.