DMA, it all depends on the US plan of attack. For instance, if the US assumes and accepts that the war is going to go nuclear, and that the prime concern is to limit damage to the US, why, then act appropriately.
Several US spy planes drop nukes, wiping out the IRBMs completely, probably most of the 'tactical nukes' as well.
Question: If it isn't hitting Central Europe, is it still a tactical nuke?
The US Navy goes after the SLBMs. How many subs carrying the missles were there back then? Not too many, given multiple missles per sub. So the US subs and ASW start searching and can probably destroy most easily enough. Some are not in range, then the misfire/error issue, and be aware that a serious mishap with this type of sub will destroy most of the other missles, if not the submarine itself.
No, the subs would not have been a major issue. The question would be the ICBMs, which may have been relatively few(and is it 36 weapons or 36 missles CARRYING more weapons?) and which needed to be refueled, but could the US get to them in time? Given massed Soviet air power and no fighters to support our bombers(also somewhat limited in number), I wouldn't be so certain.