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--- timelines:shadow_of_fashoda [2010/02/07 01:33] – fortyseven
+++ timelines:shadow_of_fashoda [2019/03/29 15:14] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ====== Shadow of Fashoda ======
-[[http://www.alternatehistory.net/discussion/showthread.php?t=83811|Shadow of Fashoda]]
+A [[19th century|timeline with a late 19th century POD]] created by [[offtopic:fortyseven]] back in 2008. You can read it [[http://www.alternatehistory.net/discussion/showthread.php?t=83811|here]].
+----
+==== Premise and POD ====
+The [[alternate history:OTL]] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fashoda_Incident|Fashoda Incident]] in [[Sudan]] escalates into a regional African colonial war, in which the British Empire manages some gains on French territories in parts of central and eastern Africa. From there, world history slowly begins to change...
+----
+==== Quick Overview of Events ====
@@ Line 52: / Line 61: @@
 In 1903, British forces invade Tibet. The United Kingdom allies with Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy to form the Quadruple Alliance. The Trans-Siberian Railroad is completed. The Wright Brothers invent a heavier-than-air flying machine. A major oil field is discovered in Oklahoma, USA. Panama gains independence from Colombia with the backing of the United States of America.
-In 1904, the United Kingdom and Germany agree to jointly build a Cape to Cairo Railway and a Lagos to Berbera Railway. Tibet becomes a British vassal.
+In 1904, Tibet becomes a British vassal. France invades Siam. The United Kingdom supplies Siam with military and economic aid as well as troops to fight the French.
+**1904 Siamese Treaty:**
+Siam cedes Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat, Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu to the United Kingdom.
+The United Kingdom returns the Tai-speaking Shan states to Siam.
+Siam becomes a British vassal.
 **Russo-Japanese War: 1904-05**
@@ Line 65: / Line 83: @@
-In 1905, a near-revolution erupts in Russia and the Duma is established. The Anglo-Japanese Treaty is renewed. Korea becomes a Japanese protectorate. Norway gains independence from Sweden. Albert Einstein discovers Special Relativity and explains the Photoelectric Effect by light quanta. The Netherlands complete their conquest of Sulawesi. In a continuation of the Great Game and taking advantage of Russian weakness, the United Kingdom forms a military alliance with the Ottoman Empire with the purpose of mutual support, encouraging stability in the Persian Gulf, conquering Persia and denying Russia a possible ally or conquest. The United Kingdom withdraws from Egypt and Northeastern Sudan apart from a garrison force and a number of military bases to guarantee the security of the Suez Canal on a fifty year lease. Southeastern Sudan joins British East Africa. The Ottomans regain nominal sovereignty over Egypt.
+In 1905, a near-revolution erupts in Russia and the Duma is established. The Anglo-Japanese Treaty is renewed. Korea becomes a Japanese protectorate. Norway gains independence from Sweden. Albert Einstein discovers Special Relativity and explains the Photoelectric Effect by light quanta. The Netherlands completes their conquest of Sulawesi. In a continuation of the Great Game and taking advantage of Russian weakness, the United Kingdom forms a military alliance with the Ottoman Empire with the purpose of mutual support, encouraging stability in the Persian Gulf, conquering Persia and denying Russia a possible ally or conquest. The United Kingdom withdraws from Egypt and Northeastern Sudan apart from a garrison force and a number of military bases to guarantee the security of the Suez Canal on a fifty year lease. Southern Sudan joins British East Africa. The Ottomans regain nominal sovereignty over Egypt (including Darfur).
 **Moroccan Crisis: 1905-6**
@@ Line 77: / Line 95: @@
  The United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire jointly invade Persia in late 1905. British forces invade from the east as the Royal Navy moves in to blockade the coast. Ottoman forces invade northwestern Persia. With the destruction of the Persian navy, British forces bombard and subsequently capture Hormuz. By late 1906, the British have captured all of southern Persia and the Ottomans have captured northwestern Persia. By early 1907, the British have conquered the rest of Persia.
-In 1906, the Moroccan Crisis ends and the northern half of Morocco is ceded to Germany. Japan completes the South Manchurian Railway that runs from Changchun to Ryojun (Lushun/Port Arthur). Lee De Forest of the United States of America invents a triode amplifier (three-iode vacuum tube). Russia completes the Trans-Aral Railway from Orenberg to Tashkent. The Netherlands conquer Bali.
+In 1906, the Moroccan Crisis ends and the northern half of Morocco is ceded to Germany. Japan completes the South Manchurian Railway that runs from Changchun to Ryojun (Lushun/Port Arthur). Lee De Forest of the United States of America invents a triode amplifier (three-iode vacuum tube). Russia completes the Trans-Aral Railway from Orenberg to Tashkent. The Netherlands conquers Bali.
 In 1907, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom dies and is succeeded by her grandson George V. Newfoundland and New Zealand become Dominions. Russia and China form an alliance. France signs several trade agreements with the United States of America. China and France form an alliance.
@@ Line 85: / Line 103: @@
 The Ottomans gain northwestern Persia (Persian Kurdistan, Persian Azerbaijan, Lorestan, Ilam, and Kermanshah)
-The United Kingdom gains the rest of Persia (Khuzestan, Hamedan, Markazi, Persian Baluchistan, Kerman, Fars, Khorasan, Esfahan, Semnan, Bushehr, and Qom). Kuwait, Bahrain, and Quatar become protectorates of the United Kingdom.
+The United Kingdom gains the rest of Persia (Khuzestan, Hamedan, Markazi, Persian Baluchistan, Kerman, Fars, Khorasan, Esfahan, Semnan, Bushehr, and Qom). Baluchistan, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Quatar become protectorates of the United Kingdom.
 The United Kingdom trades the Pashtun lands of India and Persia to Afghanistan in exchange for the Baluchi lands of Afghanistan. Afghanistan remains a protectorate of the UK.
-In 1908, Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina. The Young Turks Revolt erupts. A large oil field is discovered in Masjid Soleiman, Khuzestan (UK). Oil is also discovered near Abadan, Khuzestan (UK). The first Model T car is produced by Henry Ford of the United States of America. Bulgaria declares independence from the Ottoman Empire. Sweden and Norway sign a non-aggression pact. The Netherlands conquer Aceh.
+In 1908, Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina. The Young Turks Revolt erupts. A large oil field is discovered in Masjid Soleiman, Khuzestan (UK). Oil is also discovered near Abadan, Khuzestan (UK). The first Model T car is produced by Henry Ford of the United States of America. Bulgaria declares independence from the Ottoman Empire. Sweden and Norway sign a non-aggression pact. The Netherlands conquers Aceh.
 In 1909, Abdulhamid II of the Ottoman Empire restores the 1876 Constitution. The Ottomans crush the attempted revolution of the Young Turks. The first polymer is discovered. Bakelite is invented.
-**1909 Anglo-Siamese Treaty:**
+In 1910, major oil fields are discovered in Mexico and California, USA. Japan annexes Korea. The Union of South Africa is formed as a Dominion. The Portuguese First Republic is formed. Russia completes a branch line of the Trans-Caspian Railway from Bukhara to Termez. Construction of the Kuwait City-Karachi Railway begins. Chinese forces invade Tibet but are repulsed by British, Bhutanese and Tibetan forces.
-Siam cedes Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat, Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu to the United Kingdom.
-In 1910, major oil fields are discovered in Mexico and California, USA. Japan annexes Korea. The Union of South Africa is formed as a Dominion. The Portuguese First Republic is formed. Russia completes a branch line of the Trans-Caspian Railway from Bukhara to Termez. Construction of the Kuwait City-Karachi Railway begins.
 **Mexican Revolution: 1910-20**
@@ Line 105: / Line 118: @@
-In 1911, the Qing Dynasty in China is overthrown. A Chinese republic is established under Sun Yat-Sen. Mongolia declares independence from China. The Ottoman Empire joins the Quadruple Alliance. The Anglo-Japanese Treaty is renewed for 10 years. Ernest Rutherford proves the existence of atoms. Superconductivity is discovered. The first ocean-going, diesel ship, Selandia is launched by Denmark.
+In 1911, the Qing Dynasty in China is overthrown. A Chinese republic is established under Sun Yat-Sen. Mongolia declares independence from China. The Ottoman Empire joins the Alliance. The Anglo-Japanese Treaty is renewed for 10 years. Ernest Rutherford proves the existence of atoms. Superconductivity is discovered. The first ocean-going, diesel ship, Selandia is launched by Denmark.
 In 1912, Yuan Shikai succeeds Sun Yat-Sen. The US begins occupying Nicaragua. Argentina grants universal male suffrage. A number of anti-British protests and strikes occur in Ireland.
@@ Line 111: / Line 124: @@
 In 1913, Sweden tests the first diesel-electric trains. Stainless steel is invented.  The Ottoman Empire completes the Hejaj Railway.
-In 1914, the United Kingdom  launches the HMS Arc Royal, the first aircraft carrier. The Panama Canal opens. A major oil field is discovered near Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. The assembly line is developed by the United States of America. The first successful blood transfusion occurs. The Liberals under Asquith come to power in the UK. The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Third Irish Home Rule Act. Ireland becomes a self-governing Dominion.
+In 1914, the United Kingdom launches the HMS Arc Royal, the first aircraft carrier. The Panama Canal opens. A major oil field is discovered near Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. The assembly line is developed by the United States of America. The first successful blood transfusion occurs. The Liberals under Asquith come to power in the UK. The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Third Irish Home Rule Act. Ireland becomes a self-governing Dominion.
-In 1915, Japan joins the Quintuple Alliance. President Yuan Shikai of China proclaims himself Emperor. The US begins a 10-year occupation of Haiti. Pyrex is invented. The Altai Railway, connecting Novosibirsk and Semipalatinsk is completed. The Italians and Germans invent the first semi-automatic guns. The Lagos-Berbera and Cape-Cairo Railroads are completed. The two lines meet at Fashoda.
+In 1915, Japan joins the Alliance. President Yuan Shikai of China proclaims himself Emperor. The US begins a 10-year occupation of Haiti. Pyrex is invented. The Altai Railway, connecting Novosibirsk and Semipalatinsk is completed. The Italians and Germans invent the first semi-automatic guns.
 **The Great War: 1915-1916**
-A general war breaks out between the Alliance (the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Empire, Japan) and the Entente (France, Russia, Serbia) in early 1915. Austrian and Ottoman forces invade Serbia. Anglo-German naval forces blockade the Strait of Gibraltar and defeat the French Atlantic Fleet off Brittany. An Allied naval force in the Black Sea keeps the Russians from attacking the Straits. In western and southwestern Africa, Anglo-German forces battle French forces. Japan declares war on France. Japan declares war on China. Japan declares war on Russia. Japanese forces invade Hainan and the Paracel and Spratly Islands. Japan invades northern Sakhalin Island and Russian Manchuria. France's Pacific possessions fall to Allied forces by August 1915. Allied forces, including Von Lettow-Vorbeck, fight French forces in central, north-eastern and north-western Africa.  In western Europe, Alliance forces advance through Belgium into France. Belgium signs a peace treaty with the Alliance. Luxembourg is occupied by German forces. Paris falls late Summer 1915. France signs a peace treaty in the Fall of 1915. Austrian and Ottoman forces besiege Belgrade. In the east, German forces advance deep into Russia. Austrian and Ottoman forces overrun Serbia. Belgrade falls late 1915. Serbia surrenders to Austria-Hungary and the Ottomans. Russia wins a great victory over Austria-Hungary. Ottoman and other Allied forces capture Russian Armenia by late 1915. By early 1916, Ottoman and other Allied forces capture all of Georgia south of the Caucasus Major mountains and the Psou River. Allied forces invade the Crimea in the Spring of 1916.  Allied forces capture the Crimea by mid-1916. In mid 1916, Nicholas II of Russia is deposed in a coup and placed under confinement. Russia halts work on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Japan occupies the northern half of Sakhalin Island, coastal Primorsky Krai (Province) and Khabarovsk Krai (Province). Bessarabia declares independence. Finland declares independence. The Mountainous Republic of the North Caucasus (Kabardino-Balkaria, North-Ossetia-Alania, and part of Stavropol Krai (Province) ) declares independence. The Fourth Caucasian Imamate (Chechnya, Dagestan and Ingushetia) declares independence. The provisional government in Russia signs a peace treaty with the Alliance.
+A general war breaks out between the Alliance (the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Empire, Japan) and the Entente (France, Russia, Serbia) in early 1915. Austrian and Ottoman forces invade Serbia. Anglo-German naval forces blockade the Strait of Gibraltar and defeat the French Atlantic Fleet off Brittany. An Allied naval force in the Black Sea keeps the Russians from attacking the Straits. In western and southwestern Africa, Anglo-German forces battle French forces. Japan declares war on France. Japan declares war on China. Japan declares war on Russia. Japanese forces invade Hainan and the Paracel and Spratly Islands. Siam declares war on France. British and Siamese forces invade French Indochina. Japan invades northern Sakhalin Island and Russian Manchuria. France's Pacific possessions fall to Allied forces by August 1915. Allied forces, including Von Lettow-Vorbeck, fight French forces in central, north-eastern and north-western Africa. In western Europe, Alliance forces advance through Belgium into France. Belgium signs a peace treaty with the Alliance. Luxembourg is occupied by German forces. Paris falls late Summer 1915. France signs a peace treaty in the Fall of 1915. Austrian and Ottoman forces besiege Belgrade. In the east, German forces advance deep into Russia. Austrian and Ottoman forces overrun Serbia. Belgrade falls late 1915. Serbia surrenders to Austria-Hungary and the Ottomans. Russia wins a great victory over Austria-Hungary. Ottoman and other Allied forces capture Russian Armenia by late 1915. By early 1916, Ottoman and other Allied forces capture all of Georgia south of the Caucasus Major mountains and the Psou River. Allied forces invade the Crimea in the Spring of 1916.  Allied forces capture the Crimea by mid-1916. In mid 1916, Nicholas II of Russia is deposed in a coup and placed under confinement. Russia halts work on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Japan occupies the northern half of Sakhalin Island, coastal Primorsky Krai (Province) and Khabarovsk Krai (Province). Bessarabia declares independence. Finland declares independence. The Mountainous Republic of the North Caucasus (Kabardino-Balkaria, North-Ossetia-Alania, and part of Stavropol Krai (Province) ) declares independence. The Fourth Caucasian Imamate (Chechnya, Dagestan and Ingushetia) declares independence. The provisional government in Russia signs a peace treaty with the Alliance.
-In 1916, Emperor Yuan Shikai abdicates and soon dies. The Warlord Era begins in China. United States of America General John Pershing leads the 8th Brigade into Mexico in search of Pancho Villa. The US begins an 8-year occupation of the Dominican Republic. The Radical Civic Union Party under Hipólito Yrigoyen begins ruling Argentina.
+In 1916, Emperor Yuan Shikai abdicates and soon dies. The Warlord Era begins in China. The United States of America General John Pershing leads the 8th Brigade into Mexico in search of Pancho Villa. The US begins an 8-year occupation of the Dominican Republic. The Radical Civic Union Party under Hipólito Yrigoyen begins ruling Argentina.
 **1917 Treaty of Prague:**
-Germany retains control of the rest of Alsace-Lorraine, the Longwy-Brier iron ore field of France, the Belgian provinces of Luxembourg and Liege, most of Belgian Congo, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Baltic region of Russia,"Russian" Poland, the Ukraine, southern Morocco, and part of French West Africa (Ubangi-Shari, Benin, Gabon, southern Chad), the northern third of Belgian Congo as well as part of eastern Belgian Congo. Poland and the Ukraine are created as protectorates
+Germany retains control of the rest of Alsace-Lorraine, the Longwy-Briey iron ore field of France, the Belgian provinces of Luxembourg and Liege, most of Belgian Congo, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Baltic region of Russia, "Russian" Poland, the Ukraine, Mauritania, Ubangi-Shari, Gabon, the northern third of Belgian Congo and part of eastern Belgian Congo. Poland and the Ukraine are created as protectorates.
-Austria-Hungary gains the Sanjak of Novi Pazar and Dahomey. Montenegro and Serbia become Austrian vassals
+Austria-Hungary gains the Sanjak of Novi Pazar and Dahomey. Montenegro and Serbia become Austrian vassals.
-The United Kingdom gains Southern Algeria, Cote d'Ivoire, the rest of French West Africa  (Senegal, Gambia, Burkina Faso, northern Chad, "Niger", "Mauritania", Mali), southeastern Belgian Congo, Djibouti, all of Vanuatu, and New Caledonia. The UK sells the Northern Frontier District of British East Africa to Italy.
+The United Kingdom gains French Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal, Gambia, Upper Volta, southwestern Niger, southwestern Mali, southeastern Belgian Congo, Djibouti, all of Vanuatu, and New Caledonia. The United Kingdom gains France's sphere of influence in China. Tonkin and Annam become British protectorates. The UK sells the Northern Frontier District of British East Africa to Italy.
+The Ottoman Empire retains control of the Crimea, Russian Armenia, Russian Azerbaijan and Georgia. The Mountainous Republic of North Caucasus and the Caucasian Imamate become vassals of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans assumes control over northern "Chad" and southern "Libya".
-The Ottoman Empire retains control of the Crimea, Russian Armenia, Russian Azerbaijan and Georgia. The Mountainous Republic of North Caucasus and the Caucasian Imamate become vassals of the Ottoman Empire.
 Bessarabia joins Romania
@@ Line 139: / Line 152: @@
 Japan gains Hainan, the Spratly Islands, the Paracel Islands, eastern Russian Manchuria and the northern half of Sakhalin Island.
+Siam regains Laos and Cambodia.
 Belgium comes under Dutch influence.
@@ Line 145: / Line 160: @@
 In 1917, the 8th Brigade returns to the United States of America having failed to find Pancho Villa. Sidonio Pais overthrows the Portuguese First Republic and intsalls a dictatorship. Jean Baptiste Marchand, the 'Hero of Fashoda', a decorated WW1 veteran, and the deputy chief of defense overthrows the government of France and installs a military quasi-dictatorship. Marchand had the support of the Left and the military. Many favoured the new government. Revolts by dissenters were quickly crushed. In Russia, Grand Duke Michael becomes Regent upon the forced abdication of Tsar Nicholas II.
-In 1918, in Russia, Regent Grand Duke Michael is crowned Tsar of All the Russias. Tsar Michael II signs a constitution and empowers the Duma. The Austrian government encourages German settlement in its new terriories. The plan meets with little support. The Communist rebellion in Russia is defeated. Radar is invented. Sultan Abdulhamid II of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by Mehmed VI.
+In 1918, in Russia, Regent Grand Duke Michael is crowned Tsar of All the Russias. Tsar Michael II signs a constitution and empowers the Duma. The Austrian government encourages German settlement in its new territories. The plan meets with little support. The Communist rebellion in Russia is defeated. Radar is invented. Sultan Abdulhamid II of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by Mehmed VI.
-In 1919, Alavaro Obregon comes to power in Mexico. Georgia and the Crimea are created as vassals of the Ottoman Empire.
+In 1919, Alvaro Obregon comes to power in Mexico. Georgia and the Crimea are created as vassals of the Ottoman Empire.
-In 1920, the R34, a British rigid airship, completes the first transatlantic flight. Germany completes the Wesel-Datteln Canal. The Netherlands conquer Bird's Head Peninsula in New Guinea.
+In 1920, the R34, a British rigid airship, completes the first transatlantic flight. Germany completes the Wesel-Datteln Canal. The Netherlands conquers Bird's Head Peninsula in New Guinea.
-In 1921, the United Kingdom takes over all of Shanghai. Germany takes over all of Shandong Penninsula except for Port Edward (Weiheiwai). Japan extends its sphere of influence into Manchuria. Spain and Portugal sign a non-aggression pact. Austria-Hungary attempts to renew the Augsleich. Hungary disagrees with the new terms. Negotiations break down. Due to the perceived weakness of the Austrian government derived from the poor showing in the Great War, Hungary declares independence.
+In 1921, the United Kingdom takes over all of Shanghai. Germany takes over all of Shandong Peninsula except for Port Edward (Weiheiwai). Japan extends its sphere of influence into Manchuria. Spain and Portugal sign a non-aggression pact. Austria-Hungary attempts to renew the Ausgleich. Hungary disagrees with the new terms. Negotiations break down. Due to the perceived weakness of the Austrian government derived from the poor showing in the Great War, Hungary declares independence.
-In 1922, the Berlin-Kuwait City Railway is completed.
+In 1922, the Berlin-Kuwait City Railway is completed. The United Kingdom begins work on a Dakar-Djibouti Railway.
 **War of Slavic Independence: 1921-1923**
-The Poles and South Slavs of Austria-Hungary also revolt and declare independence. Civil war breaks out in Austria-Hungary in early 1922. By late 1922, many regular troops had joined the rebels. By mid 1923, Serbian, Romanian, Italian,  forces invade Austria-Hungary. Romania invaded first. Relations between Austria-Hungary and both Italy and the Ottoman Empire had soured since World War One. Italy acted out of self-interest and self-defense. The Italians invade Istria, Croatia-Slavonia and South Tyrol. The Romanians invade the Banat, Bukovina and Transylvania. The Ottomans reluctantly invade Bosnia to protect its Muslim inhabitants. Serbia invades the Banat. Seeing no way to stop the collapse of her ally, as a last resort, the German Empire the German Empire signs a diplomatic agreement with the Austrian ambassador, invades and secures the German-majority speaking areas and Bohemia. Hungary holds on to Moravia. The Austrians are overwhelmed. By early 1924, the collapse of Austria-Hungary is complete.
+The Poles and South Slavs of Austria-Hungary also revolt and declare independence. Civil war breaks out in Austria-Hungary in early 1922. By late 1922, many regular troops had joined the rebels. By mid-1923, Serbian, Romanian, and Italian forces invade Austria-Hungary. Romania invaded first. Relations between Austria-Hungary and both Italy and the Ottoman Empire had soured since World War One. Italy acted out of self-interest and self-defense. The Italians invade Istria, Croatia-Slavonia and South Tyrol. The Romanians invade the Banat, Bukovina and Transylvania. The Ottomans reluctantly invade Bosnia to protect its Muslim inhabitants. Serbia invades the Banat. Seeing no way to stop the collapse of her ally, as a last resort, the German Empire signs a diplomatic agreement with the Austrian ambassador, invades and secures the German-majority speaking areas and Bohemia. Hungary holds on to Moravia. The Austrians are overwhelmed. By early 1924, the collapse of Austria-Hungary is complete.
 In 1922, Germany launches the Graf Zeppelin. Later that year, the Graf Zeppelin completes a round-the-world trip.
-In 1923, the first true aircraft carrier, the HMS Hermes is launched by the United Kingdom. Miguel Primo de Rivera of Spain, with the support of the military and the trade unions leads a successful coup against the Spanish government and installs a dictatorship. Spain remains a nominal monarchy. Norway, Sweden and Finland sign a non-aggression pact. Russia completes the Turkestan-Siberia Railway which runs from Arys to Novosibirsk
+In 1923, the first true aircraft carrier, the HMS Hermes is launched by the United Kingdom. Miguel Primo de Rivera of Spain, with the support of the military and the trade unions leads a successful coup against the Spanish government and installs a dictatorship. Spain remains a nominal monarchy. Norway, Sweden and Finland sign a non-aggression pact. Russia completes the Turkestan-Siberia Railway which runs from Arys to Novosibirsk. The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the Kingdom of Nepal.
 **1924 Treaty of Athens:**
@@ Line 189: / Line 204: @@
+In 1927, a major oil field is discovered near Kirkuk, Ottoman Empire. The Kuwait City-Karachi Railway is completed. Italy completes its conquest of the southern Somali sultanates.
-In 1927, a major oil field is discovered near Kirkuk, Ottoman Empire. The Kuwait City-Karachi Railway is completed. Italy complete its conquest of the southern Somali sultanates.
 In 1928, the French begin producing a medium tank, the Char D2 and an improved anti-tank rifle. The Ottomans and Al-Rashid conquer the Najd. The Kingdom of Rashidi Arabia is established as a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. Neoprene is invented.
-In 1929, Eastern China is unified under a provisional national government. Western China remains under the control of warlords. Italy invades Ethiopia. Penicilin is invented. British airship R100 completes an England-Canada trip.
+In 1929, Eastern China is unified under a provisional national government. Western China remains under the control of warlords. Italy invades Ethiopia. Penicillin is invented. British airship R100 completes an England-Canada trip.
 In 1930, the British invent the first jet. The analog computer is invented. Italy annexes Ethiopia. Italy creates Italian East Africa out of Eritrea, Ethiopia and Italian Somalia. The electroencephalograph is invented. Southern Rhodesia joins the Union of South Africa. British airship R100 completes a England-India trip.
@@ Line 204: / Line 218: @@
 **Chaco War: 1932-35**
-Bolivia and Paraguay fight over the supposed oil deposits of the Gran Chaco region. Paraguay wins. The oil deposits were non-exitstent unfortunately. Paraguay gains 3/4 of Gran Chaco.
+Bolivia and Paraguay fight over the supposed oil deposits of the Gran Chaco region. Paraguay wins. The oil deposits were non-existent, unfortunately. Paraguay gains 3/4 of Gran Chaco.
@@ Line 222: / Line 236: @@
 France gains Wallonia
-The Netherlands gain Flanders, Belgian Congo
+The Netherlands gains Flanders and Belgian Congo.
-The City-State of Brussels gains independence
+The City-State of Brussels gains independence.
+In 1935, Germany successfully test launches an A-4 rocket. The India Home Rule Act and the Siam Home Rule Act are passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Burma and Baluchistan are separated from India. India becomes a self-governing Dominion. The British protectorates of Bhutan and Sikkim are transfered to India. The Colony of Aden is established as a separate colony in the British Empire. The Philippines become a self-governing Commonwealth.
-In 1935, Germany successfully test launches an A-4 rocket. The India Home Rule Act is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Burma and Baluchistan are separated from India. India becomes a self-governing Dominion. The Colony of Aden is established as a separate colony in the British Empire. The Philippines become a self-governing Commonwealth.
 In 1936, major oil fields are discovered near Dammam and Dhahran, Ottoman Empire. The helicopter is invented. King George V of the United Kingdom dies and is succeeded by King Edward VIII. Northern Rhodesia joins the Union of South Africa.
@@ Line 234: / Line 247: @@
 **Spanish Civil War/Spanish War: 1936-41**
-A conflict between the provisional government of Spain, the United Kingdom ,and Germany versus an alliance of Spanish rebels and France. In 1936, rightist rebels began a rebellion against the leftist government of Spain. In 1937, the rebels begin receiving military aid and advisers from the Franco-Russian Entente. The Sextuple Alliance begins supplying the government forces with military aid and advisers as well. The rebels begin winning more and more by 1938. The Alliance begins supplying troops to the government forces. The Entente responds in kind. The war rages back and forth for a couple years. German forces invade and occupy Equatorial Guinea, Spanish Sahara and Spanish Morocco in 1939. British forces invade and occupy the Canary Islands in the same year. By 1940, the rebel forces, gaining the upper hand, raid into Portugal as they put pressure on the Portuguese to join the war on their side. French forces in Madagascar raid Mozambique and are repelled by Portuguese and Alliance forces. Portugal joins the Alliance. Alliance forces invade and occupy Reunion, Mayotte, Comoros, Mauritius, and Seychelles. Rebel forces win by 1941.
+A conflict between the provisional government of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Germany versus an alliance of Spanish rebels, France and a Russian Expeditionary Force. In 1936, rightist rebels began a rebellion against the leftist government of Spain. In 1937, the rebels begin receiving military aid and advisers from the Franco-Russian Entente. The Sextuple Alliance begins supplying the government forces with military aid and advisers as well. The rebels begin winning more and more by 1938. The Alliance begins supplying troops to the government forces. The Entente responds in kind. The war rages back and forth for a couple years. German forces invade and occupy Equatorial Guinea, Spanish Sahara and Spanish Morocco in 1939. British forces invade and occupy the Canary Islands in the same year. By 1940, the rebel forces, gaining the upper hand, raid into Portugal as they put pressure on the Portuguese to join the war on their side. French forces in Madagascar raid Mozambique and are repelled by Portuguese and Alliance forces. Portugal joins the Alliance. Alliance forces invade and occupy Reunion, Mayotte, Comoros, Mauritius, and Seychelles. Rebel forces win by 1941.
-In 1937, the turboprop engine is invented. The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Ceylon Home Rule Act, making Ceylon, a self-governing Dominion.
+In 1937, the turboprop engine is invented. The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Ceylon Home Rule Act, making Ceylon, a self-governing Dominion. The independence of Bhutan is internationally recognized.
 In 1938, a major oil field is discovered near Kabir Burgan, Kuwait (UK). The first sustained nuclear reaction is achieved. Fibreglass is invented.
@@ Line 242: / Line 255: @@
 **Chinese War: 1938-45**
-A conflict between the provisional national government of China, Mongolia, France, and Russia versus various warlords, United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. The national government of China had regained political control of China proper though foreign influence remained strong in several areas. In 1938, China joined the Entente, under the conditions of Entente support in retaking those areas of China in the hands of the British, Germans, and Japanese (and under their influence), and that the Entente influence in China would end.  The Japanese invade Manchuria and Hebei Province in order to conquer territory and make Manchuria their vassal. Alliance and Entente forces clash in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Alliance forces blockade major Chinese ports. German and British forces in Shanghai, Tsingtao, and Hong Kong invade Jiangsu, Shandong and Guangdong provinces and influence local leaders to submit to their authority. French forces clash with British and Japanese forces in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Fujian provinces and the South China Sea. British forces invade and occupy the French territory of Guangzhouwan. Alliance forces sail up the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Russia invades Mongolia in 1939 and Japanese Siberia in 1940. The Republic of China moves her capital to Xi'an in 1940. British, Indian and Tibetan forces invade Yunnan and Sicuan in 1939 and Xianjiang in 1940. Yettishar (Xianjang) declares independence in 1941. Manchuria declares independence in 1942.  By 1943, Alliance forces and their Chinese allies had effectively cut off northern China from southern China and pushed out the French from China. By 1944, Entente forces had pushed the Alliance forces to their coastal provinces in northern China. Southern China remained in the hands of the Alliance and pro-Alliance governors.
+A conflict between the provisional national government of China, Mongolia, France, and Russia versus various warlords, United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. The national government of China had regained political control of China proper though foreign influence remained strong in several areas. In 1938, China joined the Entente, under the conditions of Entente support in retaking those areas of China in the hands of the British, Germans, and Japanese (and under their influence), and that the Entente influence in China would end.  The Japanese invade Manchuria and Hebei Province in order to conquer territory and make Manchuria their vassal. Alliance and Entente forces clash in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Alliance forces blockade major Chinese ports. German and British forces in Shanghai, Tsingtao, and Hong Kong invade Jiangsu, Shandong and Guangdong provinces and influence local leaders to submit to their authority. French forces clash with British and Japanese forces in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Fujian provinces and the South China Sea. British forces invade and occupy the French territory of Guangzhouwan. Alliance forces sail up the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Russia invades Mongolia in 1939 and Japanese Siberia in 1940. The Republic of China moves her capital to Xi'an in 1940. British, Indian and Tibetan forces invade Yunnan and Sicuan in 1939 and Xianjiang in 1940. Yettishar (Xianjang) declares independence in 1941. Manchuria declares independence in 1942.  By 1943, Alliance forces and their Chinese allies had effectively cut off northern China from southern China and pushed out the French from China. British forces invade Cochinchina. By 1944, Entente forces had pushed the Alliance forces to their coastal provinces in northern China. Southern China remained in the hands of the Alliance and pro-Alliance governors.
-In 1940, President for Life Marchand steps down due to failing health. He is succeeded by Charles De Gaulle. The Philippines gain independence.
+In 1940, President for Life Marchand steps down due to failing health. He is succeeded by Charles de Gaulle. The Philippines gain independence.
 **1942 Treaty of Nice:**
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 Portugal joins the Alliance. Portugal sells Angola to Germany and Mozambique to the United Kingdom
-The United Kingdom gains the Canary Islands, Reunion, Mauritius, and Seychelles
+The United Kingdom gains the Canary Islands, Reunion, Mauritius, and Seychelles.
-Germany gains Equatorial Guinea, Ifni, Cape Juby, Spanish Morocco, Tetouan, Melila, Mayotte and Spanish Sahara
+Germany gains southern Morocco, Equatorial Guinea, Ifni, Cape Juby, Spanish Morocco, Tetouan, Melila, Mayotte and Spanish Sahara.
 **Central Asian War: 1943-46**
@@ Line 279: / Line 291: @@
 Japan and Germany lose their lands and spheres of influence in northern China.
-France loses its sphere of influence in Southern China.
+The United Kingdom gains Cochinchina and retains Hong Kong and the New Territories.
-The United Kingdom retains Hong Kong and the New Territories.
 Portugal retains Macao.
@@ Line 291: / Line 301: @@
 In 1946, the microwave oven is invented. Germany explodes the first atomic bomb.
-In 1947, velcro is invented.
+In 1947, velcro is invented. The United Kingdom joins Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina to form The Federation of Vietnam.
 In 1948, the British explode an atomic bomb.
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+In 1949, Newfoundland joins the Dominion of Canada. The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Burma Home Rule Act, the Persia Home Rule Act and the Baluchistan Home Rule Act. Burma, Persia and Baluchistan become self-governing Dominions.
-In 1949, Newfoundland joins the Dominion of Canada. The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the Burma Home Rule Act, the Persia Home Rule Act and the Baluchistan Home Rule Act, making Burma, Persia and Baluchistan, self-governing Dominions.
 In 1950, fibre optics are invented.
 In 1951, the credit card is invented.
-In 1955, DNA is discovered. Britain turns over control of the Suez Canal to Egypt.
+In 1952, the United Kingdom completes the Dakar-Djibouti and Cape-Cairo railways.
+In 1955, DNA is discovered. Britain turns over control of the Suez Canal to Egypt.
+In 1957, the United Kingdom passes the Vietnam Home Rule Act. Vietnam becomes a self-governing Dominion.
+In 1999, the TransEurasian Railway (Amsterdam-Guangzhou) is completed.
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+==== Navigation ====
+**[[19th century|19th century Timelines Main Directory]]**