Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- resources:language_help_-_native_american_languages [2019/04/29 09:25] – [North American native cultures] petike
+++ resources:language_help_-_native_american_languages [2023/01/09 19:16] (current) – petike
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 Know of any other resources ? Feel free to add them.
-//The basic version of this article is currently under construction and should be finished by the end of 2018. It will attempt to be a reasonably exhaustive (though not necessarily complete) overview of native languages from the New World.//
+//The basic version of this article is currently under construction and should be finished by the end of 2020. It will attempt to be a reasonably exhaustive (though not necessarily complete) overview of native languages from the New World.//
 ----
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 ^ **Language family** ^ **Language or dialect** ^ **Vocabulary** ^ **Location** ^ **Notes** ^
-| //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquian_languages|Algonkian (Algonquian) languages]]**// \\ ([[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Algonquian_and_Iroquoian_Swadesh_lists|Swadesh list 1]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/anishinabe_words.htm|Swadesh list 2]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/algonquian|Algonkian (Algonquian) names (1)]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/algonquin|Algonkian (Algonquian) names (2)]]) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/abenaki.php|Abenaki (Alnôba)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/abna.htm|Abnaki-Penobscot (Abenaki language)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abenaki_language|Abenaki language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/abna_words.htm|Abenaki and Penobscot terms]] \\ [[https://www.freelang.net/online/abenaki.php|Abenaki and Penobscot online dictionary]] \\ [[http://www.cowasuck.org/language/language.htm|Abenaki and Penobscot language resources]] \\ [[http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.08895/5?r=0&s=1|Laurent, J.: New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues (1884)]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Maine]], [[offtopic:Vermont]], [[offtopic:New Hampshire]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - Named after its //two major dialects//, [[http://www.native-languages.org/abenaki.htm|Abenaki]] and [[http://www.native-languages.org/penobscot.htm|Penobscot]]. Abenaki had an eastern and western dialect, the eastern one is extinct. |
+| //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquian_languages|Algonkian (Algonquian) languages]]**// \\ ([[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Algonquian_and_Iroquoian_Swadesh_lists|Swadesh list 1]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/anishinabe_words.htm|Swadesh list 2]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/algonquian|Algonkian (Algonquian) names (1)]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/algonquin|Algonkian (Algonquian) names (2)]] \\ [[https://resources.atlas-ling.ca/|Algonkian (Algonquian) language family resources]] \\ [[https://alglang.net/|Language structure in Algonquian languages]] ) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/abenaki.php|Abenaki (Alnôba)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/abna.htm|Abnaki-Penobscot (Abenaki language)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abenaki_language|Abenaki language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/abna_words.htm|Abenaki and Penobscot terms]] \\ [[https://www.freelang.net/online/abenaki.php|Abenaki and Penobscot online dictionary]] \\ [[http://www.cowasuck.org/language/language.htm|Abenaki and Penobscot language resources]] \\ [[http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.08895/5?r=0&s=1|Laurent, J.: New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues (1884)]] \\ [[http://westernabenaki.com/|Western Abenaki Dictionary and Online Lessons]] \\ [[https://www.freelang.net/dictionary/abenaki.php|Abenaki Penobscot Offline Dictionary]] \\ [[https://web.archive.org/web/20170315085906/http://www.nedoba.org/b_menu_language.html|Abenaki/Wabanaki language]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Maine]], [[offtopic:Vermont]], [[offtopic:New Hampshire]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - Named after its //two major dialects//, [[http://www.native-languages.org/abenaki.htm|Abenaki]] and [[http://www.native-languages.org/penobscot.htm|Penobscot]]. Abenaki had an eastern and western dialect, the eastern one is extinct. |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/algonquin.htm|Algonquin (Anicinâbemowin)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/algonquin.htm|Algonquin Language (Algonkin, Anishnabe, Anishnabeg)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquin_language|Algonquin language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/algonquin_words.htm|Algonquin terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/algonquin.htm|Algonquin numbers]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]] and [[offtopic:Ontario]],  | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Ojibwan group |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arapaho.htm|Arapaho (Hinónoʼeitíít)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/arapaho.htm|Arapaho (Arapahoe)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapaho_language|Arapaho language]] | [[https://www.colorado.edu/center/csilw/arapaho-language-archives|Arapaho dictionaries and language archives]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/arapaho.htm|Arapaho phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/arapaho_words.htm|Arapaho terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/arapaho.htm|Arapaho numbers]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/arapaho|Arapaho names]] \\ [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9564eY2YG0Y|Bambi in Arapaho !]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Wyoming]], [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Algonquian_languages|Plains Algonquian languages]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapahoan_languages|Arapahoan group]] |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/atikamekw.htm|Atikamekw]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/atikamekw.htm|Atikamekw (Attikamek, Tęte-de-boule)]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atikamekw_language|Atikamekw language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/atikamekw_words.htm|Atikamekw terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: southwestern [[offtopic:Quebec]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]] \\ - A relative of Cree. |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/beothuk.htm|Beothuk (Beothuck)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beothuk_language|Beothuk language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/beothuk_words.htm|Beothuk terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]] | - Extinct (in 1829). \\ - Beothuk has never been classified while it was still in use, but it is generally assumed to be an Algonquian language. |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/blackfoot.htm|Blackfoot (Siksiká / ᓱᖽᐧᖿ)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/blackfoot.htm|Blackfoot (Siksika, Peigan, Piegan, Kainai, Blackfeet)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackfoot_language|Blackfoot language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/blackfoot_words.htm|Blackfoot terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/blackfoot.htm|Blackfoot numbers]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: southern [[offtopic:Alberta]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Montana]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Algonquian_languages|Plains Algonquian languages]] |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/blackfoot.htm|Blackfoot (Siksiká / ᓱᖽᐧᖿ)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/blackfoot.htm|Blackfoot (Siksika, Peigan, Piegan, Kainai, Blackfeet)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackfoot_language|Blackfoot language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/blackfoot_words.htm|Blackfoot terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/blackfoot.htm|Blackfoot numbers]] \\ [[https://dictionary.blackfoot.atlas-ling.ca/|Blackfoot online dictionary]] \\ [[https://blackfoot.atlas-ling.ca/grammar/|Blackfoot grammar]] \\ [[https://blackfoot.atlas-ling.ca/|Blackfoot language resources]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: southern [[offtopic:Alberta]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Montana]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Algonquian_languages|Plains Algonquian languages]] |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/cheyenne.htm|Cheyenne (Tsėhesenėstsestotse)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cheyenne.htm|Cheyenne]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne_language|Cheyenne language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/cheyenne.htm|Cheyenne phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cheyenne_words.htm|Cheyenne terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/cheyenne.htm|Cheyenne sample texts]] \\ [[https://web.archive.org/web/20060515062810/http://www.lulu.com/items/volume_10/75000/75343/3/preview/preview-cheydicy2-withindex.pdf|Cheyenne dictionary]] \\ [[https://www.freelang.net/online/cheyenne.php|Cheyenne online dictionary]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Montana]] and [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Algonquian_languages|Plains Algonquian languages]] |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/cheyenne.htm|Cheyenne (Tsėhesenėstsestotse)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cheyenne.htm|Cheyenne]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyenne_language|Cheyenne language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/cheyenne.htm|Cheyenne phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cheyenne_words.htm|Cheyenne terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/cheyenne.htm|Cheyenne sample texts]] \\ [[https://web.archive.org/web/20060515062810/http://www.lulu.com/items/volume_10/75000/75343/3/preview/preview-cheydicy2-withindex.pdf|Cheyenne dictionary (pdf)]] \\ [[https://www.freelang.net/online/cheyenne.php|Cheyenne online dictionary]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Montana]] and [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Algonquian_languages|Plains Algonquian languages]] |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/chippewa.htm|Chippewa (Ojibwemowin)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/chippewa.htm|Chippewa (Ojibway, Anishinaabe, Ojibwa)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chippewa_language|Chippewa language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/ojibwe_words.htm|Ojibwe/Chippewa/Ojibway terms]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/ojibwe.htm#language|Chippewa language resources]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: from upper [[offtopic:Michigan]] westward to [[offtopic:North and South Dakota|North Dakota]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Ojibwan group \\ - Technically a dialect of Ojibwe/Ojibwa (see below). |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/cree.htm|Cree (ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ / Nēhiyawēwin)]] [[http://www.native-languages.org/cree.htm|Cree]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cree_language|Cree language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/cree.htm|Cree phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cree_words.htm|Cree terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/books/language/cree.htm|Other language materials]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/creebib.htm|Cree bibliography]] \\ [[http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.50563/5?r=0&s=1|French-Cree dictionary (1874)]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Northwest Territories]], [[offtopic:Alberta]], [[offtopic:newfoundland_and_labrador|Labrador]]  \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Montana]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Cree-Innu languages |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/cree.htm|Cree (ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ / Nēhiyawēwin)]] [[http://www.native-languages.org/cree.htm|Cree]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cree_language|Cree language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/cree.htm|Cree phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cree_words.htm|Cree terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/books/language/cree.htm|Other language materials]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/creebib.htm|Cree bibliography]] \\ [[http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.50563/5?r=0&s=1|French-Cree dictionary (1874)]] \\ [[https://dictionary.plainscree.atlas-ling.ca/#/help|Plains Cree online dictionary]] \\ [[https://www.spokencree.org/glossary|Moose and Swampy Cree Dictionary]] \\ [[https://dictionary.moosecree.atlas-ling.ca/#!/help|Moose Cree online dictionary]] \\ [[https://dictionary.moosecree.atlas-ling.ca/#!/help|Eastern Swampy Cree online dictionary]] \\ [[https://dictionary.mushkegowuk.atlas-ling.ca/#!/help|Mushkegowuk online dictionary]] \\ [[https://fortsevern.atlas-ling.ca/|Fort Severn Cree online dictionary]] \\ [[https://dictionary.eastcree.org/|Eastern James Bay Cree online dictionary]] \\ [[http://verbs.eastcree.org/|East Cree southern dialect verb conjugations]] \\ [[http://verbn.eastcree.org/|East Cree northern dialect verb conjugations]] \\ [[https://resources.atlas-ling.ca/media/Ellis_verbs_ReEdit_2015-4TH-PRINT-FIXED.pdf|Cree verb paradigms in Eastern and Swampy Cree verb conjugations]] (.pdf format) | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Northwest Territories]], [[offtopic:Alberta]], [[offtopic:newfoundland_and_labrador|Labrador]]  \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Montana]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Cree-Innu languages |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/lostalg.htm|Etchemin]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etchemin_language|Etchemin language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/etchemin_words.htm|Etchemin terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Maine]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - Unclear classification within the Eastern Algonquian group, due to insufficient or confusing data. The language might not have existed, and //might have been// "created" by confusion with an existing Algonquian language or dialect by early European settlers who recorded it. |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/gros.htm|Gros Ventre (Ahe, Ahahnelin, Aane, Atsina)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gros_Ventre_language|Gros Ventre (Atsina) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/gros_words.htm|Gros Ventre (Atsina) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Montana]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Algonquian_languages|Plains Algonquian languages]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapahoan_languages|Arapahoan group]] |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kickapoo.htm|Kickapoo (Kikapú)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/kickapoo.htm|Kickapoo (Kikapoo, Kikapu)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickapoo_people#Language|Kickapoo language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/kickapoo_words.htm|Kickapoo terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Oklahoma]], [[offtopic:Texas]], [[offtopic:Kansas]], historically [[offtopic:Indiana]], [[offtopic:Minnesota]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]] |
-| ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loup_language|Loup language]] \\ [[https://www.nipmuclanguage.org/|Nipmuc language (based on Loup A)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/loupa_words.htm|Loup A]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/loupb_words.htm|Loup B]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Massachusetts]], [[offtopic:Connecticut]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - Two known sets of vocabulary survive, known as Loup A and Loup B. "Loup" was a generic term of French origin for the many related native nationalities and languages in New England. It is unclear whether the Loup A or Loup B vocab sets are fragments of a lost dialect, or of a local Algonquian creole, or a misinterpreation of existing terms from known tongues. Loup A //might be// the original language of the Nipmuc. Both Loup A and Loup B went extinct in the 18th century. |
+| ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loup_language|Loup language]] \\ [[https://www.nipmuclanguage.org/|Nipmuc language (based on Loup A)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/loupa_words.htm|Loup A]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/loupb_words.htm|Loup B]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Massachusetts]], [[offtopic:Connecticut]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - Two known sets of vocabulary survive, known as Loup A and Loup B. "Loup" was a generic term of French origin for the many related native nationalities and languages in New England. It is unclear whether the Loup A or Loup B vocab sets are fragments of a lost dialect, or of a local Algonquian creole, or a misinterpretation of existing terms from known tongues. Loup A //might be// the original language of the Nipmuc. Both Loup A and Loup B went extinct in the 18th century. |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/lumbee.htm|Lumbee (Croatan, Croatoan, Pamlico, Carolina Algonquian)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolina_Algonquian_language|Carolina_Algonquian_language (Lumbee, Croatan, Pamlico)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/lumbee_words.htm|Lumbee terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Croatan island, [[offtopic:North Carolina]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - The language of the natives of Croatan island off the Carolina coast. They also developed a creole of Lumbee and English in later times. Extinct (by the 1790s). |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mali.htm|Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malecite-Passamaquoddy_language|Malecite-Passamaquoddy language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mali_words.htm|Maliseet-Passamaquoddy terms]] \\ [[https://pmportal.org/|Maliseet-Passamaquoddy online dictionary and language resources]] \\ [[https://web.archive.org/web/20120204040903/https://www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/Maliseet/vocabulary/TofC.html|Chamberlin, M.: Maliseet Vocabulary (1899)]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:New Brunswick]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Maine]] | - Eastern Algonquian languages \\ - Named after its //two major dialects//, [[http://www.native-languages.org/maliseet.htm|Maliseet (Malecite, Malecites, Malisit)]] and [[http://www.native-languages.org/passamaquoddy.htm|Passamaquoddy]]. |
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mohican.htm|Mohican (Mahican, Stockbridge, Wappinger) ]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahican_language|Mahican language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mohican_words.htm|Mohican terms]] \\ [[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/41/007.html|Names and relations of Mahican, Mohecan, Mohican, Mohegan, Stockbridge-Munsee]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New York state]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]], Mohican-Loup group |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/miami.php|Miami (Myaamia)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/miami-illinois.htm|Miami-Illinois (Maumee, Myamia, Twightwee)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami-Illinois_language|Miami-Illinois language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/miami_words.htm|Miami-Illinois terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Illinois]], [[offtopic:Indiana]], [[offtopic:Kansas]], [[offtopic:Michigan]], [[offtopic:Ohio]], [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]] |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/michif.htm|Michif]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/michif.htm|Michif (Mitchif, Metis Creole, French Cree)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michif|Michif]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/michif_words.htm|Michif terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Manitoba]], [[offtopic:Saskatchewan]] and northwestern [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:North and South Dakota|North Dakota]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Cree-Innu languages \\ - Creole language, developed from Cree and European languages (mainly French). The traditional dialect of the (Francophone) Métis. |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/michif.htm|Michif]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/michif.htm|Michif (Mitchif, Metis Creole, French Cree)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michif|Michif]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/michif_words.htm|Michif terms]] \\ [[https://michif.atlas-ling.ca/|Michif online dictionary]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Manitoba]], [[offtopic:Saskatchewan]] and northwestern [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:North and South Dakota|North Dakota]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Cree-Innu languages \\ - Creole language, developed from Cree and European languages (mainly French). The traditional dialect of the (Francophone) Métis. |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mikmaq.htm|Mi'kmaq (Míkmawísimk)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/mikmaq.htm|Mi'kmaq (Mi'kmawi'simk, Mi'kmaw, Micmac, Mikmaq)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_language|Mi'kmaq language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/mikmaq.htm|Míkmaq phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/mikmaq_words.htm|Míkmaq terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/mikmaq.htm|Mi'kmaq numbers]] \\ [[https://mikmaqonline.org/|Mi'kmaq Online Talking Dictionary]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Nova Scotia]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mohegan.htm|Mohegan]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/mohegan.htm|Mohegan (Pequot)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohegan-Pequot_language|Mohegan-Pequot language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mohegan_words.htm|Mohegan (Pequot) terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/mohegan.htm|Mohegan numbers]] \\ [[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/41/007.html|Names and relations of Mahican, Mohecan, Mohican, Mohegan, Stockbridge-Munsee]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Connecticut]] \\ Long Island, [[offtopic:New York state]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]], Mohican-Loup group |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/montagnais.php|Montagnais (Innu-Aimun)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/montagnais.htm|Montagnais Innu (Innu-Aimun, Innu Aionun)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innu_language|Innu (Innu-aimun, Montagnais) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/montagnais_words.htm|Montagnais terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/montagnais.htm|Innu (Montagnais) numbers]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]], [[offtopic:newfoundland and labrador|Labrador]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Cree-Innu languages \\ - Montagnais and Naskapi are Innu dialects, both close relatives of Cree. |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/montagnais.php|Montagnais (Innu-Aimun)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/montagnais.htm|Montagnais Innu (Innu-Aimun, Innu Aionun)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innu_language|Innu (Innu-aimun, Montagnais) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/montagnais_words.htm|Montagnais terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/montagnais.htm|Innu (Montagnais) numbers]] \\ [[https://dictionary.innu-aimun.ca/Words|Innu-Aimun online dictionary]] \\ [[http://verbe.innu-aimun.ca/|Innu-Aimun verb conjugation]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]], [[offtopic:newfoundland and labrador|Labrador]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Cree-Innu languages \\ - Montagnais and Naskapi are Innu dialects, both close relatives of Cree. |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/munsee.htm|Munsee (Huluníixsuwaakan)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/munsee.htm|Munsee Delaware (Minsi, Muncey, Minisink)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsee_language|Munsee]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/munsee_words.htm|Munsee terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]** (historically): [[offtopic:New York state]], [[offtopic:New Jersey]], [[offtopic:Pennsylvania]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_languages|Lenape-Renape (Delaware) group]] \\ - //Two major dialects//, Munsee and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unami_language|Unami]]. |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/nanticoke.htm|Nanticoke]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanticoke_language|Nanticoke language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/nanticoke_words.htm|Nanticoke terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Delaware]], [[offtopic:Maryland]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]], Lenape-Renape (Delaware) group |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/narragansett.htm|Narragansett (Nipmuc)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narragansett_language|Narragansett language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/narragansett_words.htm|Narragansett terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Rhode Island]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]], Mohican-Loup group |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/naskapi.php|Naskapi (ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ / Iyuw Imuun)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/naskapi.htm|Naskapi Innu (Innu-aimun)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naskapi_language|Naskapi (Iyuw Iyimuun) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/naskapi_words.htm|Naskapi terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]], [[offtopic:newfoundland and labrador|Labrador]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Cree-Innu languages \\ - Montagnais and Naskapi are Innu dialects, both close relatives of Cree. |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/naskapi.php|Naskapi (ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ / Iyuw Imuun)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/naskapi.htm|Naskapi Innu (Innu-aimun)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naskapi_language|Naskapi (Iyuw Iyimuun) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/naskapi_words.htm|Naskapi terms]] \\ [[https://dictionary.naskapi.atlas-ling.ca/#!/help|Naskapi online dictionary]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]], [[offtopic:newfoundland and labrador|Labrador]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Cree-Innu languages \\ - Montagnais and Naskapi are Innu dialects, both close relatives of Cree. |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ojibwa.htm|Ojibwe (Anishinaabemowin / ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/ojibwe.htm|Ojibwe (Ojibway, Anishinaabemowin, Chippewa, Ojibwa)]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojibwe_language|Ojibwe language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/ojibwe.htm|Ojibwe phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/ojibwe_words.htm|Ojibwe/Chippewa/Ojibway terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/ojibwe.htm|Ojibwe numbers]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/ojibwe.htm|Ojibwe sample texts]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/ojibwe.htm#language|Chippewa language resources]] \\ [[https://www.freelang.net/online/ojibwe.php|Ojibwe online dictionary]] \\ [[https://web.archive.org/web/20051231073625/http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/sounds/recs/rec75(2).mp3|Ojibwa audio recording of ceremonial song]] (from [[https://web.archive.org/web/20051231073625/http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/sounds/|this]] sound archive) | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]], [[offtopic:Ontario]], [[offtopic:Manitoba]], [[offtopic:Saskatchewan]], partly [[offtopic:Alberta]], [[offtopic:British Columbia]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Michigan]], [[offtopic:Wisconsin]], [[offtopic:Minnesota]], partly [[offtopic:North and South Dakota|North Dakota]], [[offtopic:Montana]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Ojibwan group |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ojibwa.htm|Ojibwe (Anishinaabemowin / ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/ojibwe.htm|Ojibwe (Ojibway, Anishinaabemowin, Chippewa, Ojibwa)]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojibwe_language|Ojibwe language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/ojibwe.htm|Ojibwe phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/ojibwe_words.htm|Ojibwe/Chippewa/Ojibway terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/ojibwe.htm|Ojibwe numbers]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/ojibwe.htm|Ojibwe sample texts]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/ojibwe.htm#language|Chippewa language resources]] \\ [[https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/|Ojibwe People's Dictionary]] \\ [[https://www.freelang.net/online/ojibwe.php|Ojibwe online dictionary]] \\ [[https://web.archive.org/web/20051231073625/http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/sounds/recs/rec75(2).mp3|Ojibwa audio recording of ceremonial song]] (from [[https://web.archive.org/web/20051231073625/http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/sounds/|this]] sound archive) | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]], [[offtopic:Ontario]], [[offtopic:Manitoba]], [[offtopic:Saskatchewan]], partly [[offtopic:Alberta]], [[offtopic:British Columbia]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Michigan]], [[offtopic:Wisconsin]], [[offtopic:Minnesota]], partly [[offtopic:North and South Dakota|North Dakota]], [[offtopic:Montana]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Ojibwan group |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ojicree.htm|Oji-Cree (Anishininiimowin / ᐊᓂᔑᓂᓂᒧᐏᐣ)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/ojibwe.htm|Ojibwe (Ojibway, Anishinaabemowin, Chippewa, Ojibwa)]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oji-Cree_language|Oji-Cree language]] | N/A | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]], [[offtopic:Manitoba]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]] |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ottawa.htm|Ottawa (Nishnaabemwin / Daawaamwin)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/ottawa.htm|Ottawa (Odawa, Odaawa)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_dialect|Ottawa dialect]] |  | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Michigan]], [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Ojibwan group \\ - Technically a dialect of Ojibwe/Ojibwa. |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ottawa.htm|Ottawa (Nishnaabemwin / Daawaamwin)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/ottawa.htm|Ottawa (Odawa, Odaawa)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa_dialect|Ottawa dialect]] | [[https://nishnaabemwin.atlas-ling.ca/|Nishnaabemwin online dictionary]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Michigan]], [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Ojibwan group \\ - Technically a dialect of Ojibwe/Ojibwa. |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/potawatomi.htm|Potawatomi (Neshnabémwen)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/potawatomi.htm|Potawatomi (Nishnabek, Pottawatomie, Pottawatomi)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potawatomi_language|Potawatomi language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/potawatomi_words.htm|Potawatomi terms]] \\ [[https://glosbe.com/en/pot/|English to Potawatomi online dictionary]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: southern [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Michigan]], [[offtopic:Indiana]], [[offtopic:Wisconsin]] and [[offtopic:Kansas]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]] |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/powhatan.htm|Powhatan (Powatan, Powhattan)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powhatan_language|Powhatan language (Virginia Algonquian)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/powhatan_words.htm|Powhatan terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Virginia]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - Extinct (by the late 18th century). |
@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/shawnee.php|Shawnee (Sawanwa)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/shawnee.htm|Shawnee (Shawano, Savannah, Sewanee)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawnee_language|Shawnee (Ša˙wano˙ki) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/shawnee_words.htm|Shawnee terms]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/shawnee|Shawnee names]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: central and northeastern [[offtopic:Oklahoma]], historically [[offtopic:Ohio]], [[offtopic:West Virginia]], [[offtopic:Kentucky]], and [[offtopic:Pennsylvania]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]] |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/unami.htm|Unami]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/lenape.htm|Unami (Lenape, Delaware, Lenni Lenape)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unami_language|Unami]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/lenape_words.htm|Lenape (Unami) terms]] [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/unami.htm|Lenape (Unami) numbers]] \\ [[http://www.talk-lenape.org/|Lenape Talking Dictionary]] \\ [[http://www.gilwell.com/lenape/|Lenape/English dictionary]] (also [[http://www.gilwell.com/lenape/lenape.pdf|here]])\\ [[http://talk-lenape.org/historical-examples|Historical examples, pronunciation and other resources for Lenape]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: lower Delaware and Hudson rivers, [[offtopic:New Jersey]], [[offtopic:Delaware]] and [[offtopic:Pennsylvania]], some groups in [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_languages|Lenape-Renape (Delaware) group]] \\ - //Two major dialects//, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsee_language|Munsee]] and Unami. Unami went extinct in 2002 (with its last fluent speaker), but there is a revival effort. |
+| ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Algonquian_language|Proto-Algonkian (Proto-Algonquian_language)]] | [[https://protoalgonquian.atlas-ling.ca/#!/help|Proto-Algonkian online dictionary]] | North America | This is a modern linguistic reconstruction of what the ancestral language of Algonkian languages, a //hypothetical// "Proto-Algonquian", might have sounded like. Like all reconstructed proto-languages, you need to bear in mind this is a //hypothetical construct// based on decades of research and some educated guesses. |
 | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algic_languages|Algic isolates]]** (distant relatives to all other Algonkian languages)// | [[http://www.native-languages.org/wiyot.htm|Wiyot]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiyot_language|Wiyot language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/wiyot.php|Wiyot]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/wiyot_words.htm|Wiyot terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=2=Wiyot|Wiyot resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:California]] | One of two small isolates of the Algic language family, all other Algic langs are in the Algonkian subgroup. Extinct, but some revival attempts. |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/yurok.htm|Yurok (Puliklah)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/yurok.htm|Yurok]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurok_language|Yurok language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/yurok.php|Yurok]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/yurok_words.htm|Yurok terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=3=Yurok|Yurok resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northwestern [[offtopic:California]] | One of two small isolates of the Algic language family, all other Algic langs are in the Algonkian subgroup. Extinct, but undergoing a major revival. |
@@ Line 119: / Line 120: @@
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/galice.htm|Galice (Nabiltse, Applegate Creek language)]] |  | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Taltushtuntede (Galice Creek) and Dakubetede (Applegate Creek), [[offtopic:Oregon]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Athabaskan_languages|Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages]], Oregonian group \\ - Possible relatively of Tututni (see below). Extinct after the 19th century, few surviving records. |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/gwichin.php|Gwich'in (Dinjii Zhu’ Ginjik)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/gwichin.htm|(Gwichin, Kutchin, Tukudh)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwich%E2%80%99in_language|Gwich’in (Dinju Zhuh K’yuu) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/gwichin_words.htm|Gwich'in terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/gwichin.htm|Gwich'in sample texts]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Northwest Territories]], [[offtopic:Yukon|Yukon Territory]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Alaska]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central Alaska-Yukon group |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/haida.htm|Haida]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/haida.htm|Haida]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haida_language|Haida language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/haida_words.htm|Haida terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/haida.htm|Haida numbers]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/haidbib.htm|Haida bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: Haida Gwaii archipelago, [[offtopic:British Columbia]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Prince of Wales Island, [[offtopic:Alaska]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na-Dene_languages|Na-Dene languages]] \\ - Generally classified in its own group within the Na-Dené languages. Along with Eyak and Tlingit, it is //not// within the family's Athabascan group. The relation of Haida to other Na-Dene languages is disputed, it might even be a partial isolate. |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/haida.htm|Haida]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/haida.htm|Haida]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haida_language|Haida language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/haida_words.htm|Haida terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/haida.htm|Haida numbers]] \\ [[https://www.sealaskaheritage.org/sites/default/files/Haida_dictionary_web.pdf|Haida dictionary (.pdf format)]] (2009, Sealaska Institute) \\ [[https://www.sealaskaheritage.org/sites/default/files/AlaskanHaidaPhrasebook_web.pdf|Alaskan Haida dictionary (.pdf format)]] (2010, Sealaska Institute) \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/haidbib.htm|Haida bibliography]] \\ [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WsoM1972Lk|Silent Night carol in Haida]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: Haida Gwaii archipelago, [[offtopic:British Columbia]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Prince of Wales Island, [[offtopic:Alaska]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na-Dene_languages|Na-Dene languages]] \\ - Generally classified in its own group within the Na-Dené languages. Along with Eyak and Tlingit, it is //not// within the family's Athabascan group. The relation of Haida to other Na-Dene languages is disputed, it might even be a partial isolate. |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/han.htm|Hän (Häł gołan)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/han.htm|Han-Kutchin (Hankutchin, Hwech'in, Moosehide, Dawson) ]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4n_language|Hän language]] | N/A | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Alaska]] \\ **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Yukon|Yukon Territory]],  | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central Alaska-Yukon group |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/holikachuk.htm|Holikachuk (Innoko)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holikachuk_language|Holikachuk (Doogh Qinag) language]] | N/A | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: lower Yukon River, Innoko River, [[offtopic:Alaska]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central Alaska-Yukon group \\ - Extinct (by 2012). |
@@ Line 130: / Line 131: @@
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mattole.htm|Mattole (Bear River language)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattole_language|Mattole (Mattole-Bear River) language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/mattole.php|Mattole]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mattole_words.htm|Mattole (Bear River language) terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1248=Mattole|Mattole resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Mattole River, [[offtopic:California]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Athabaskan_languages|Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages]], Californian group \\ - Extinct (since the 1930s). |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mescalero-chiricahua.htm|Mescalero-Chiricahua (Ndee bizaa)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/mescalero.htm|Mescalero Apache]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/chiricahua.htm|Chiricahua Apache]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mescalero-Chiricahua_language|Mescalero-Chiricahua language]] \\ | [[http://www.native-languages.org/apache_words.htm|Mescalero-Chiricahua (Ndee bizaa) terms]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/apache|Apache names]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New Mexico]], [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]], Western Apachean group \\ - Relatives include Western Apache and Navajo. |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/navajo.htm|Navajo (Diné Bizaad)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/navajo.htm|Navajo (Diné)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_language|Navajo language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/navajo.php|Navajo phrases]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/navajo.htm|Navajo number]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/kinship/navajo.htm|Family terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/navajo.htm|Navajo sample texts]] \\ [[https://glosbe.com/en/nv/|English to Navajo online dictionary]] \\ [[https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/n/navajo-code-talker-dictionary.html|WWII "Windtalker" glossary]] \\ [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzWp81b3ENA|Star Wars in Navajo !]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Arizona]], [[offtopic:New Mexico]], [[offtopic:Colorado]], [[offtopic:Utah]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]] \\ - Possibly the largest Native American language in North America today, by number of speakers (ca 150 000). Closely related to both Western and Eastern Apache. |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/navajo.htm|Navajo (Diné Bizaad)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/navajo.htm|Navajo (Diné)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_language|Navajo language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/navajo.php|Navajo phrases]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/navajo.htm|Navajo number]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/kinship/navajo.htm|Family terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/navajo.htm|Navajo sample texts]] \\ [[https://glosbe.com/en/nv/|English to Navajo online dictionary]] \\ [[https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/n/navajo-code-talker-dictionary.html|WWII "Windtalker" glossary]] \\ [[http://www.suduva.com/el_morro_words.htm|Keres, Zuni, Hopi and Diné (Navajo) vocabulary overviews]] \\ [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Navajo_language|Wiktionary Navajo (Diné Bizaad) overview]] \\ [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzWp81b3ENA|Star Wars in Navajo !]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Arizona]], [[offtopic:New Mexico]], [[offtopic:Colorado]], [[offtopic:Utah]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]] \\ - Possibly the largest Native American language in North America today, by number of speakers (ca 150 000). Closely related to both Western and Eastern Apache. |
 | ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_language|Nicola Valley language (Stuwix)]] | [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/nicbib.htm|Nicola Valley language (Stuwix) bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: Similkameen Valley and Nicola Valley, [[offtopic:British Columbia]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central British Columbian group \\ - Extinct. Possibly a dialect of Chilcotin. |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/apache.htm|Plains Apache]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/plains-apache.htm|Plains Apache]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Apache_language|Plains Apache language]] | N/A | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: central [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] (predominantly) | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]] \\ - Forms a subgroup of its own in the Apachean group. Extinct as a living language, might see revitalisation. Sometimes called Kiowa-Apache, but this is a misleading term, as it has no relation to the language of the Kiowa. |
@@ Line 141: / Line 142: @@
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/tanana.htm|Tanana]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanana_Athabaskans|Tanana language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/tanana_words.htm|Tanana terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Alaska]] \\ **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Yukon|Yukon Territory]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central Alaska-Yukon group \\ - Has //two major dialects (or forms)//: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Tanana_language|Upper Tanana]] (Nebesna), [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Tanana_language|Lower Tanana]] (Minto) |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/tanaina.htm|Tanaina (Dena'ina, Kenaitze)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dena%27ina_language|Dena’ina (Tanaina) language]] | N/A | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Cook Inlet region, Lake Clark, Lake Iliamna, [[offtopic:Alaska]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Southern Alaskan group |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tlingit.htm|Tlingit (Lingít, Łingít)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/tlingit.htm|Tlingit]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlingit_language|Tlingit (Lingit) language]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/tlingit.htm|The Tlingit language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/tlingit_words.htm|Tlingit terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/tlingit.htm|Tlingit numbers]] \\ [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBgRELgs2Pw|Tlingit pronunciation]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/tlinbib.htm|Tlingit bibliography]] \\ [[http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.14308/13?r=0&s=1|Boas, F.: Tlingit and Tsimshian dictionaries (ca 1892)]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Alaska]], [[offtopic:Washington state]] \\ **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:British Columbia]], [[offtopic:Yukon|Yukon Territory]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na-Dene_languages|Na-Dene languages]] \\ - Generally classified in its own group within the Na-Dené languages. Along with Eyak and Haida, it is //not// within the family's Athabascan group. |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tlingit.htm|Tlingit (Lingít, Łingít)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/tlingit.htm|Tlingit]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlingit_language|Tlingit (Lingit) language]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/tlingit.htm|The Tlingit language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/tlingit_words.htm|Tlingit terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/tlingit.htm|Tlingit numbers]] \\ [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBgRELgs2Pw|Tlingit pronunciation]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/tlinbib.htm|Tlingit bibliography]] \\ [[http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.14308/13?r=0&s=1|Boas, F.: Tlingit and Tsimshian dictionaries (ca 1892)]] \\ [[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGoKk-JZWo1OadPgXlfHDRtI91q9UvCMj|Tlingit videocourse]] \\ [[https://www.sealaskaheritage.org/sites/default/files/Tlingit_dictionary_web.pdf|Tlingit dictionary (.pdf format)]] (2009, Sealaska Institute) \\ [[http://ankn.uaf.edu/~tlingitverbs/|Online Tlingit Verb Dictionary]] \\ [[http://ankn.uaf.edu/~tlingitverbs/examples.html|Tlingit example sentences with audio]] (over 1500 examples) \\ [[https://www.sealaskaheritage.org/sites/default/files/BeginningTlingitWorkbook.pdf|Beginning Tlingit Workbook]] (part of a series of Beginning Tlingit study materials) | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Alaska]], [[offtopic:Washington state]] \\ **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:British Columbia]], [[offtopic:Yukon|Yukon Territory]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na-Dene_languages|Na-Dene languages]] \\ - Generally classified in its own group within the Na-Dené languages. Along with Eyak and Haida, it is //not// within the family's Athabascan group. |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tlicho.htm|Tłı̨chǫ (Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì, Dogrib)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/dogrib.htm|Dogrib Language (Tlicho, Tli cho Dinne, Thlingchadine)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogrib_language|Dogrib language (Tłı̨chǫ, Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/dogrib_words.htm|Tłı̨chǫ (Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì, Dogrib) terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/tlicho.htm|Tłı̨chǫ numbers]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/dogrib.htm|Tłı̨chǫ sample texts]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Northwest Territories]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Northwest Canadian group |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tolowa.htm|Tolowa (Taa-laa-wa Dee-niʼ Wee-yaʼ)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/tolowa.htm|Tolowa (Hawuwut)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolowa_language|Tolowa (Siletz Dee-ni) language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/tolowa.php|Tolowa]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/tolowa_words.htm|Tolowa terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/tolowa.htm|Tolowa numbers]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1265=Tolowa|Tolowa resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: southwest [[offtopic:Oregon]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Athabaskan_languages|Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages]], Oregonian group \\ - [[http://www.native-languages.org/chetco.htm|Chetco]] is a variant of the language. It's often called Chetco-Tolowa. |
@@ Line 168: / Line 169: @@
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/chitimacha.htm|Chitimacha (Čitimaaša)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/chitimacha.htm|Chitimacha]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitimacha_language|Chitimacha language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/chitimacha_words.htm|Chitimacha (Čitimaaša) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: southern [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - Language isolate. Some have proposed a relation to the hypothetical [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totozoquean_languages|Totozoquean languages]] family. \\ - Extinct (since the 1940s). |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/esselen.htm|Esselen]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esselen_language|Esselen language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/esselen.php|Esselen]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/esselen_words.htm|Esselen terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=246=Esselen|Esselen resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:California]] | Probable language isolate, some put it under the hypothetical [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokan_languages|"Hokan"]] language family. |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/haida.htm|Haida]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/haida.htm|Haida]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haida_language|Haida language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/haida.htm|Haida numbers]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/haidbib.htm|Haida bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: Haida Gwaii archipelago, [[offtopic:British Columbia]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Prince of Wales Island, [[offtopic:Alaska]] | Generally classified in its own group within the Na-Dené languages. Along with Eyak and Tlingit, it is //not// within the family's Athabascan group. The relation of Haida to other Na-Dene languages is disputed, it might even be a partial isolate. |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/haida.htm|Haida]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/haida.htm|Haida]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haida_language|Haida language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/haida_words.htm|Haida terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/haida.htm|Haida numbers]] \\ [[https://www.sealaskaheritage.org/sites/default/files/Haida_dictionary_web.pdf|Haida dictionary (.pdf format)]] (2009, Sealaska Institute) \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/haidbib.htm|Haida bibliography]] \\ [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WsoM1972Lk|Silent Night carol in Haida]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: Haida Gwaii archipelago, [[offtopic:British Columbia]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Prince of Wales Island, [[offtopic:Alaska]] | Generally classified in its own group within the Na-Dené languages. Along with Eyak and Tlingit, it is //not// within the family's Athabascan group. The relation of Haida to other Na-Dene languages is disputed, it might even be a partial isolate. |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/karankawa.htm|Karankawa]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karankawa_language|Karankawa language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/karankawa_words.htm|Karankawa terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: coastal [[offtopic:Texas]] (Galveston Island to Corpus Christi) | - Unclassified, possibly an isolate. \\ - Extinct (in 1858), before classification could be undertaken. |
-| ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/keres.htm|Keres (Keresan, Queresan, Queres)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keres_language|Keres language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/keres_words.htm|Keres terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New Mexico]] | - Language isolate. |
+| ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/keres.htm|Keres (Keresan, Queresan, Queres)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keres_language|Keres language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/keres_words.htm|Keres terms]] \\ [[http://www.suduva.com/el_morro_words.htm|Keres, Zuni, Hopi and Diné (Navajo) vocabulary overviews]] \\ [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Keresan_languages|Wiktionary Keresan languages overview]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New Mexico]] | - Language isolate. |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/kootenai.htm|Kootenay (Kootenai, Kutenai, Ktunaxa)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutenai_language|Kutenai language]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/kootenai.htm|The Kootenay language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/kootenai_words.htm|Kootenai (Ktunaxa) terms]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/kootbib.htm|Kootenai (Ktunaxa) bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:British Columbia]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Montana]], [[offtopic:Idaho]] | - Language isolate. |
 | ::: | [[http://www.omniglot.com/writing/natchez.htm|Natchez (Naacee)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/natchez.htm|Natchez]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natchez_language|Natchez language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/natchez_words.htm|Natchez terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Mississippi]], [[offtopic:Louisiana]], [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - Language isolate. \\ - Extinct in the 1950s, ongoing revival attempt by the early 2010s. |
@@ Line 180: / Line 181: @@
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/yana.htm|Yana (Yahi)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yana_language|Yana (Yanan) language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/yana.php|Yana]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/yana_words.htm|Yana (Yahi) terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=237=Yana|Yana (Yahi) resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern and north-central [[offtopic:California]] | - Language isolate, some put it under the hypothetical [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokan_languages|"Hokan"]] language family. \\ - Extinct. Had four dialects: Northern Yana, Central Yana, Southern Yana and Yahi. A famous native Californian speaker of Yahi was [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishi|Ishi]], with whom the dialect died out in 1916. |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/yuchi.htm|Yuchi/Euchee (yUdjEha)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/yuchi.htm|Yuchi (Euchee, Uchi, Yuchee, Tsoyaha)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuchi_language|Yuchi language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/yuchi_words.htm|Yuchi terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: east central [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - Language isolate. |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/zuni.htm|Zuni (Shiwi'ma, Zuñi)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/zuni.htm|Zuni (Shiwi, Ashiwi)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuni_language|Zuni language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/zuni_words.htm|Zuni terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Arizona]], [[offtopic:New Mexico]] | - Language isolate. |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/zuni.htm|Zuni (Shiwi'ma, Zuñi)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/zuni.htm|Zuni (Shiwi, Ashiwi)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuni_language|Zuni language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/zuni_words.htm|Zuni terms]] \\ [[http://www.suduva.com/el_morro_words.htm|Keres, Zuni, Hopi and Diné (Navajo) vocabulary overviews]] \\ [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Zuni_language|Wiktionary Zuni overview]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Arizona]], [[offtopic:New Mexico]] | - Language isolate. |
 | //**Karok-Shasta languages**// (speculated to be part of the hypothetical [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokan_languages|"Hokan"]] family; [[http://www.native-languages.org/famhok_words.htm|"Hokan" family Swadesh list]]) | [[http://www.native-languages.org/achumawi.htm|Achumawi (Achomawi, Pit River Indians)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achumawi_language|Achumawi language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/achumawi.php|Achumawi]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/achumawi_words.htm|Achumawi terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=256=Achumawi|Achumawi resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:California]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsugewi_language|Palaihnihan subgroup]] |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/atsugewi.htm|Atsugewi (Hat Creek Tribe)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsugewi_language|Atsugewi language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/atsugewi.php|Atsugewi]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/atsugewi_words.htm|Atsugewi terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=260=Atsugewi|Atsugewi resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:California]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsugewi_language|Palaihnihan subgroup]] \\ - Extinct (since late 1980s). |
@@ Line 199: / Line 200: @@
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/koasati.htm|Koasati (Kowassaati)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/koasati.htm|Koasati]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koasati_language|Koasati language (Coushatta)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/koasati_words.htm|Koasati terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/koasati.htm|Koasati numbers]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Louisiana]], [[offtopic:Texas]] | - Eastern Muskogean group, Apalachee–Alabama–Koasati subgroup (Haas classification) \\ - Southern Muskogean group, Southwestern Muskogean subgroup, Alabama–Koasati branch (Munro classification) \\ - Central Muskogean group, Alabama-Koasati subgroup (Kimball classification) |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mikasuki.htm|Mikasuki]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/mikasuki.htm|Miccosukee (Mikasuki, Hitchiti)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/hitchiti.htm|Hitchiti]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikasuki_language|Mikasuki language (Miccosukee, Mikisúkî, Hitchiti-Mikasuki)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mikasuki_words.htm|Mikasuki (Miccosukee) terms]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/hitchiti_words.htm|Hitchiti terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Georgia]], southern [[offtopic:Florida]] | - Eastern Muskogean (Haas classification) \\ - Southern Muskogean (Munro classification) \\ - Central Muskogean (Kimball classification) |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/creek.htm|Mvskoke (Creek)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/muskogee.htm|Muskogee (Creek, Seminole)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscogee_language|Muscogee language (Mvskoke, Creek, Seminole, Maskókî, Muskogee, Maskoke)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/muskogee_words.htm|Muskogee (Creek, Seminole) terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/creek.htm|Mvskoke (Creek) numbers]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: east central [[offtopic:Oklahoma]], south Alabama Creek, [[offtopic:Florida]] | - Eastern Muskogean group (Haas classification, Kimball classification) \\ - Northern Muskogean group (Munro classification) |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/creek.htm|Mvskoke (Creek)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/muskogee.htm|Muskogee (Creek, Seminole)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscogee_language|Muscogee language (Mvskoke, Creek, Seminole, Maskókî, Muskogee, Maskoke)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/muskogee_words.htm|Muskogee (Creek, Seminole) terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/creek.htm|Mvskoke (Creek) numbers]] \\ [[http://www.yallaha.com/documents/Seminole%20Dictionary.pdf|Seminole online dictionary]] (.pdf format) | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: east central [[offtopic:Oklahoma]], south Alabama Creek, [[offtopic:Florida]] | - Eastern Muskogean group (Haas classification, Kimball classification) \\ - Northern Muskogean group (Munro classification) |
 | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penutian_languages|Penutian languages]]**// (proposed/hypothetical language family; [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Penutian_Swadesh_lists|Swadesh list]]) | [[http://www.native-languages.org/alsea.htm|Alsea (Yaquina, Yakona, Alcea, Alse)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsea_language|Alsea_language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/alsea_words.htm|Alsea terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: along Yaquina Bay, Yaquina River, [[offtopic:Oregon]] (Yaquina dialect) \\ along Alsea River and Yachats River, [[offtopic:Oregon]] (Alsea dialect) | - Maritime Penutian group, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Oregon_Penutian_languages|Coast Oregon Penutian]] subgroup \\ - Two dialects, Yaquina and Alsea, both extinct in the 20th century. |
 | ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chico_language|Chico (Valley Maidu) language]] | N/A | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:California]] | - Inland Penutian group, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maiduan_languages|Maiduan (Maidun, Pujunan)]] subgroup \\ - Extinct at some unknown date. |
@@ Line 215: / Line 216: @@
 | ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahaptin_language|Sahaptin (Shahaptin, Ichishkíin Sɨ́nwit)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/sahaptin.htm|Sahaptin terms]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/yakama_words.htm|Yakama dialect terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Washington state]], [[offtopic:Oregon]], and [[offtopic:Idaho]] | - Inland Penutian group, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau_Penutian_languages|Plateau Penutian]] subgroup, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahaptian_languages|Sahaptin]] branch \\ - Several major dialects: [[http://www.native-languages.org/umatilla.htm|Tenino (Warm Springs dialect, Celilo)]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umatilla_language|Umatilla (Tamalúut)]], [[http://www.native-languages.org/walla.htm|Walla Walla]] and [[http://www.native-languages.org/yakama.htm|Yakama (Yakima, Klickitat)]]. |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/siuslaw.htm|Siuslaw (Lower Umpqua)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siuslaw_language|Siuslaw language]] |  | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: \\ Siuslaw River, Siltcoos Lake, [[offtopic:Oregon]] (Siuslaw dialect) \\ Winchester Bay, lower Umpqua and Smith rivers, [[offtopic:Oregon]] (Kuitsh dialect) | - Maritime Penutian group, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Oregon_Penutian_languages|Coast Oregon Penutian]] subgroup \\ - Two dialects, Siuslaw and Kuitsh. |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tsimshian.htm|Tsimshian (Sm’algya̲x)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/tsimshian.htm|Coast Tsimshian (Sm'algyax)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Tsimshian_dialect|Coast Tsimshian dialect (Sm'álgyax)]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/coastsim.htm|The Coast Tsimshian language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/tsimshian_words.htm|Coast Tsimshian (Sm'algyax) terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/tsimshian.htm|Coast Tsimshian (Sm’algya̲x) numbers]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/coastsim.htm|Coast Tsimshian bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: northwest [[offtopic:British Columbia]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: southeast [[offtopic:Alaska]] | - Maritime Penutian group, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsimshianic_languages|Tsimshianic]] subgroup \\ - The extant dialect of the two dialects of the Tsimshian language, the other being the recently extinct Southern Tsimshian (Sgüüx̣s, Ski:xs). |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tsimshian.htm|Tsimshian (Sm’algya̲x)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/tsimshian.htm|Coast Tsimshian (Sm'algyax)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Tsimshian_dialect|Coast Tsimshian dialect (Sm'álgyax)]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/coastsim.htm|The Coast Tsimshian language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/tsimshian_words.htm|Coast Tsimshian (Sm'algyax) terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/tsimshian.htm|Coast Tsimshian (Sm’algya̲x) numbers]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/coastsim.htm|Coast Tsimshian bibliography]] \\ [[https://www.sealaskaheritage.org/sites/default/files/TsimshianDictionaryOnline_sml.pdf|Tsimshian dictionary (.pdf format)]] (Sealaska Institute, 2009) \\ [[https://web.unbc.ca/~smalgyax/|Sm’algya̲x Living Legacy Talking Dictionary]] (online dictionary, language resources and language software, etc.) | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: northwest [[offtopic:British Columbia]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: southeast [[offtopic:Alaska]] | - Maritime Penutian group, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsimshianic_languages|Tsimshianic]] subgroup \\ - The extant dialect of the two dialects of the Tsimshian language, the other being the recently extinct Southern Tsimshian (Sgüüx̣s, Ski:xs). |
 | ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Tsimshian_dialect|Southern Tsimshian (Sgüüx̣s, Ski:xs, Old Klemtu)]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/souttsim.htm|The South Tsimshian language]] | [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/souttsim.htm|South Tsimshian bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: northwest [[offtopic:British Columbia]] | - Maritime Penutian group, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsimshianic_languages|Tsimshianic]] subgroup \\ - The extinct dialect of the two dialects of the Tsimshian language, the other being the extant Coast Tsimshian (Sm'algyax). |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/nisgaa.htm|Nisga’a (Nisg̱a’a)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/nisgaa-gitxsan.htm|Gitxsan-Nisga'a (Nass-Gitksan)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisga%27a_language|Nisga'a language]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/nisgaa.htm|The Nisga'a language]] | [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/nisbib.htm|Nisga'a bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: northwest [[offtopic:British Columbia]] | - Maritime Penutian group, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsimshianic_languages|Tsimshianic]] subgroup \\ - One of the two dialects of the Nass–Gitksan group, both extant. Also known as Nass, Nisgha, Nisg̱a’a, Nishka, Niska, Nishga, Nisqa’a. (Warning: //Do not use// the Nisga'a dictionary link at n-l.org, it seems busted<nowiki>/</nowiki>compromised.) |
@@ Line 226: / Line 227: @@
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/pomo.htm|Southeastern Pomo]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Pomo_language|Southeastern Pomo (Elem Pomo, Lower Lake Pomo)]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/southeastern-pomo.php|Southeastern Pomo]] | [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=269=Southeastern+Pomo|Southeastern Pomo resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:California]] | - Southeastern Pomo group \\ - Ongoing revival in the early 2010s. One of only three currently extant Pomo languages, the other being Kashaya (Southwestern Pomo) and Southern Pomo. |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/southernpomo.htm|Southern Pomo]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/pomo.htm|Southern Pomo]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pomo_language|Southern Pomo language]] | [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=285=Southern+Pomo|Southern Pomo resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:California]] | - Western Pomo group, Southern subgroup \\ - Extinct (almost no speakers remain as of the early 2010s), though still considered extant, along with Southeastern Pomo and Kashaya (Southwestern Pomo). |
-| //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salishan_languages|Salishan languages]]**// ([[http://www.native-languages.org/famsal_words.htm|Swadesh list]] \\ //[[https://www.sfu.ca/nwjl/Articles/V002_N03/VanEijkSalishBiblio.pdf|A Bibliography of Salish Linguistics]]// \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/salishan|Salishan names]]) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/coeurdalene.htm|Coeur d'Alene (Snchitsu'umshtsn)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/coeur.htm|Coeur d'Alene (Schitsu'Umsh, Skitswish)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene_language|Coeur d'Alene (Cœur d'Alène, snchitsu'umshtsn) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/coeur_words.htm|Coeur d'Alene (Schitsu'Umsh, Skitswish) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:Idaho]] | Interior Salish group, Southern Interior subgroup |
+| //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salishan_languages|Salishan languages]]**// ([[http://www.native-languages.org/famsal_words.htm|Swadesh list]] \\ //[[https://www.sfu.ca/nwjl/Articles/V002_N03/VanEijkSalishBiblio.pdf|A Bibliography of Salish Linguistics (.pdf format)]]// \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/salishan|Salishan names]]) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/coeurdalene.htm|Coeur d'Alene (Snchitsu'umshtsn)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/coeur.htm|Coeur d'Alene (Schitsu'Umsh, Skitswish)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene_language|Coeur d'Alene (Cœur d'Alène, snchitsu'umshtsn) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/coeur_words.htm|Coeur d'Alene (Schitsu'Umsh, Skitswish) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:Idaho]] | Interior Salish group, Southern Interior subgroup |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/columbian.htm|Columbian (Wenatchee)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia-Moses_language|Columbia-Moses (Columbia-Wenatchi, Nxaảmxcín) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/columbian_words.htm|Columbia-Wenatchi terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:Idaho]], eastern [[offtopic:Washington state]] | Interior Salish group, Southern Interior subgroup |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/comox.htm|Comox (Saɬuɬtxʷ / Salhulhtxw)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/comox.htm|Comox (Sliammon, Salhulhtxw)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comox_language|Comox language]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/comox.htm|The Comox/Sliamon language]] | [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/comoxbib.htm|Comox/Sliamon bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:British Columbia]] | Coast Salish group, Central Coast Salish subgroup, North-Central branch |
@@ Line 268: / Line 269: @@
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/chemehuevi.htm|Chemehuevi]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/chemehuevi.php|Chemehuevi]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/chemehuevi_words.htm|Chemehuevi terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Great Basin, western [[offtopic:USA|United States]] | Northern U-A languages, Southern Numic division |
 | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/cupeno.htm|Cupeño (Kupangaxwichem)]] [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o_language|Cupeño]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/cupeno.php|Cupeño]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/cupeno_words.htm|Cupeño terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=941=Cupe%C3%B1o|Cupeño resources]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: southern [[offtopic:California]] | - Northern U-A languages, Takic Cupan division \\ - Extinct |
-| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/hopi.htm|Hopi (Hopilàvayi)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/hopi.htm|Hopi]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi_language|Hopi]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/hopi_words.htm|Hopi terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/hopi.htm|Hopi numbers]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northeastern [[offtopic:Arizona]] | Northern U-A languages |
+| ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/hopi.htm|Hopi (Hopilàvayi)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/hopi.htm|Hopi]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi_language|Hopi]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/hopi_words.htm|Hopi terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/hopi.htm|Hopi numbers]] \\ [[http://www.suduva.com/el_morro_words.htm|Keres, Zuni, Hopi and Diné (Navajo) vocabulary overviews]] \\ [[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Hopi_language|Wiktionary Hopi overview]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northeastern [[offtopic:Arizona]] | Northern U-A languages |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ivilyuat.htm|Ivilyuat (ʔívil̃uʔat / 'Ívillu'at)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cahuilla.htm|Ivilyuat (Cahuilla / Iviatim)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivilyuat|Ivilyuat / Cahuilla]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/cahuilla.php|Cahuilla]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/cahuilla_words.htm|Ivilyuat / Cahuilla terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=940=Cahuilla|Ivilyuat / Cahuilla resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: southern [[offtopic:California]] (Coachella Valley, San Gorgonio Pass, San Jacinto Mountains) | Northern U-A languages, Takic Cupan division |
 | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kawaiisu.htm|Kawaiisu (Nɨwɨ'abigidɨ / Nüwü'abigidü)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/kawaiisu.htm|Kawaiisu (Tehachapi, Nuooah)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawaiisu_language|Kawaiisu]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/kawaiisu.php|Kawaiisu]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/morewords/kawaiisu_words.htm|Kawaiisu terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=923=Kawaiisu|Kawaiisu resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: southern Sierra Nevada range, [[offtopic:California]] | Northern U-A languages, Southern Numic division |
@@ Line 368: / Line 369: @@
 ----
 ==== See Also ====
+**[[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Langs_N.Amer.png|Native languages of North America and northern Central America]]**
 **[[resources:Natives]]** - Useful resources on native cultures around the world, including Native American cultures.