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| resources:language_help_-_native_american_languages [2019/03/29 15:13] – external edit 127.0.0.1 | resources:language_help_-_native_american_languages [2019/04/29 09:23] – [North American native cultures] petike |
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| ^ **Language family** ^ **Language or dialect** ^ **Vocabulary** ^ **Location** ^ **Notes** ^ | ^ **Language family** ^ **Language or dialect** ^ **Vocabulary** ^ **Location** ^ **Notes** ^ |
| | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquian_languages|Algonkian (Algonquian) languages]]**// \\ ([[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Algonquian_and_Iroquoian_Swadesh_lists|Swadesh list 1]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/anishinabe_words.htm|Swadesh list 2]]) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/abenaki.php|Abenaki (Alnôba)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/abna.htm|Abnaki-Penobscot (Abenaki language)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abenaki_language|Abenaki language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/abna_words.htm|Abenaki and Penobscot terms]] \\ [[https://www.freelang.net/online/abenaki.php|Abenaki and Penobscot online dictionary]] \\ [[http://www.cowasuck.org/language/language.htm|Abenaki and Penobscot language resources]] \\ [[http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.08895/5?r=0&s=1|Laurent, J.: New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues (1884)]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Maine]], [[offtopic:Vermont]], [[offtopic:New Hampshire]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - Named after its //two major dialects//, [[http://www.native-languages.org/abenaki.htm|Abenaki]] and [[http://www.native-languages.org/penobscot.htm|Penobscot]]. Abenaki had an eastern and western dialect, the eastern one is extinct. | | | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquian_languages|Algonkian (Algonquian) languages]]**// \\ ([[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Algonquian_and_Iroquoian_Swadesh_lists|Swadesh list 1]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/anishinabe_words.htm|Swadesh list 2]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/algonquian|Algonkian (Algonquian) names (1)]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/algonquin|Algonkian (Algonquian) names (2)]]) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/abenaki.php|Abenaki (Alnôba)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/abna.htm|Abnaki-Penobscot (Abenaki language)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abenaki_language|Abenaki language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/abna_words.htm|Abenaki and Penobscot terms]] \\ [[https://www.freelang.net/online/abenaki.php|Abenaki and Penobscot online dictionary]] \\ [[http://www.cowasuck.org/language/language.htm|Abenaki and Penobscot language resources]] \\ [[http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.08895/5?r=0&s=1|Laurent, J.: New Familiar Abenakis and English Dialogues (1884)]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Maine]], [[offtopic:Vermont]], [[offtopic:New Hampshire]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - Named after its //two major dialects//, [[http://www.native-languages.org/abenaki.htm|Abenaki]] and [[http://www.native-languages.org/penobscot.htm|Penobscot]]. Abenaki had an eastern and western dialect, the eastern one is extinct. | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/algonquin.htm|Algonquin (Anicinâbemowin)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/algonquin.htm|Algonquin Language (Algonkin, Anishnabe, Anishnabeg)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquin_language|Algonquin language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/algonquin_words.htm|Algonquin terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/algonquin.htm|Algonquin numbers]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]] and [[offtopic:Ontario]], | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Ojibwan group | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/algonquin.htm|Algonquin (Anicinâbemowin)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/algonquin.htm|Algonquin Language (Algonkin, Anishnabe, Anishnabeg)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquin_language|Algonquin language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/algonquin_words.htm|Algonquin terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/algonquin.htm|Algonquin numbers]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Quebec]] and [[offtopic:Ontario]], | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]], Ojibwan group | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arapaho.htm|Arapaho (Hinónoʼeitíít)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/arapaho.htm|Arapaho (Arapahoe)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapaho_language|Arapaho language]] | [[https://www.colorado.edu/center/csilw/arapaho-language-archives|Arapaho dictionaries and language archives]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/arapaho.htm|Arapaho phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/arapaho_words.htm|Arapaho terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/arapaho.htm|Arapaho numbers]] \\ [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9564eY2YG0Y|Bambi in Arapaho !]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Wyoming]], [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Algonquian_languages|Plains Algonquian languages]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapahoan_languages|Arapahoan group]] | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arapaho.htm|Arapaho (Hinónoʼeitíít)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/arapaho.htm|Arapaho (Arapahoe)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapaho_language|Arapaho language]] | [[https://www.colorado.edu/center/csilw/arapaho-language-archives|Arapaho dictionaries and language archives]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/arapaho.htm|Arapaho phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/arapaho_words.htm|Arapaho terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/arapaho.htm|Arapaho numbers]] \\ [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9564eY2YG0Y|Bambi in Arapaho !]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Wyoming]], [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plains_Algonquian_languages|Plains Algonquian languages]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapahoan_languages|Arapahoan group]] | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/powhatan.htm|Powhatan (Powatan, Powhattan)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powhatan_language|Powhatan language (Virginia Algonquian)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/powhatan_words.htm|Powhatan terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Virginia]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - Extinct (by the late 18th century). | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/powhatan.htm|Powhatan (Powatan, Powhattan)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powhatan_language|Powhatan language (Virginia Algonquian)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/powhatan_words.htm|Powhatan terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Virginia]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - Extinct (by the late 18th century). | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/quiripi.htm|Quiripi (Quinnipiac, Unquachog, Wampano, Naugatuck, Mattabesic)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiripi|Quiripi (Quiripi-Unquachog, Quiripi-Naugatuck, Wampano)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/quiripi_prayer.htm|Quiripi sample text]] (17th century) | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: central Long Island, [[offtopic:New York state]], southwestern [[offtopic:Connecticut]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - Extinct (by the early 20th century). | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/quiripi.htm|Quiripi (Quinnipiac, Unquachog, Wampano, Naugatuck, Mattabesic)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiripi|Quiripi (Quiripi-Unquachog, Quiripi-Naugatuck, Wampano)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/quiripi_prayer.htm|Quiripi sample text]] (17th century) | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: central Long Island, [[offtopic:New York state]], southwestern [[offtopic:Connecticut]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]] \\ - Extinct (by the early 20th century). | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/shawnee.php|Shawnee (Sawanwa)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/shawnee.htm|Shawnee (Shawano, Savannah, Sewanee)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawnee_language|Shawnee (Ša˙wano˙ki) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/shawnee_words.htm|Shawnee terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: central and northeastern [[offtopic:Oklahoma]], historically [[offtopic:Ohio]], [[offtopic:West Virginia]], [[offtopic:Kentucky]], and [[offtopic:Pennsylvania]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]] | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/shawnee.php|Shawnee (Sawanwa)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/shawnee.htm|Shawnee (Shawano, Savannah, Sewanee)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawnee_language|Shawnee (Ša˙wano˙ki) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/shawnee_words.htm|Shawnee terms]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/shawnee|Shawnee names]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: central and northeastern [[offtopic:Oklahoma]], historically [[offtopic:Ohio]], [[offtopic:West Virginia]], [[offtopic:Kentucky]], and [[offtopic:Pennsylvania]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages|Central Algonquian languages]] | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/unami.htm|Unami]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/lenape.htm|Unami (Lenape, Delaware, Lenni Lenape)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unami_language|Unami]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/lenape_words.htm|Lenape (Unami) terms]] [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/unami.htm|Lenape (Unami) numbers]] \\ [[http://www.talk-lenape.org/|Lenape Talking Dictionary]] \\ [[http://www.gilwell.com/lenape/|Lenape/English dictionary]] (also [[http://www.gilwell.com/lenape/lenape.pdf|here]])\\ [[http://talk-lenape.org/historical-examples|Historical examples, pronunciation and other resources for Lenape]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: lower Delaware and Hudson rivers, [[offtopic:New Jersey]], [[offtopic:Delaware]] and [[offtopic:Pennsylvania]], some groups in [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_languages|Lenape-Renape (Delaware) group]] \\ - //Two major dialects//, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsee_language|Munsee]] and Unami. Unami went extinct in 2002 (with its last fluent speaker), but there is a revival effort. | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/unami.htm|Unami]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/lenape.htm|Unami (Lenape, Delaware, Lenni Lenape)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unami_language|Unami]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/lenape_words.htm|Lenape (Unami) terms]] [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/unami.htm|Lenape (Unami) numbers]] \\ [[http://www.talk-lenape.org/|Lenape Talking Dictionary]] \\ [[http://www.gilwell.com/lenape/|Lenape/English dictionary]] (also [[http://www.gilwell.com/lenape/lenape.pdf|here]])\\ [[http://talk-lenape.org/historical-examples|Historical examples, pronunciation and other resources for Lenape]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: lower Delaware and Hudson rivers, [[offtopic:New Jersey]], [[offtopic:Delaware]] and [[offtopic:Pennsylvania]], some groups in [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages|Eastern Algonquian languages]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware_languages|Lenape-Renape (Delaware) group]] \\ - //Two major dialects//, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsee_language|Munsee]] and Unami. Unami went extinct in 2002 (with its last fluent speaker), but there is a revival effort. | |
| | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algic_languages|Algic isolates]]** (distant relatives to all other Algonkian languages)// | [[http://www.native-languages.org/wiyot.htm|Wiyot]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiyot_language|Wiyot language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/wiyot.php|Wiyot]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/wiyot_words.htm|Wiyot terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=2=Wiyot|Wiyot resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:California]] | One of two small isolates of the Algic language family, all other Algic langs are in the Algonkian subgroup. Extinct, but some revival attempts. | | | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algic_languages|Algic isolates]]** (distant relatives to all other Algonkian languages)// | [[http://www.native-languages.org/wiyot.htm|Wiyot]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiyot_language|Wiyot language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/wiyot.php|Wiyot]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/wiyot_words.htm|Wiyot terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=2=Wiyot|Wiyot resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:California]] | One of two small isolates of the Algic language family, all other Algic langs are in the Algonkian subgroup. Extinct, but some revival attempts. | |
| | ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purisime%C3%B1o_language|Purisimeño language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/purisimeno.php|Purisimeño]] | [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=293=Purisime%C3%B1o|Purisimeño resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, [[offtopic:California]] | - Southern Chumash group, Central Chumash subgroup \\ - Extinct. | | | ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purisime%C3%B1o_language|Purisimeño language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/purisimeno.php|Purisimeño]] | [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=293=Purisime%C3%B1o|Purisimeño resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, [[offtopic:California]] | - Southern Chumash group, Central Chumash subgroup \\ - Extinct. | |
| | ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venture%C3%B1o_language|Ventureño language (Mitsqanaqa'n)]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/ventureno.php|Ventureño]] | [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=289=Ventureno|Ventureño resources]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: southern [[offtopic:California]] (coastal areas) | - Southern Chumash group, Central Chumash subgroup \\ - Extinct. | | | ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venture%C3%B1o_language|Ventureño language (Mitsqanaqa'n)]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/ventureno.php|Ventureño]] | [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=289=Ventureno|Ventureño resources]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: southern [[offtopic:California]] (coastal areas) | - Southern Chumash group, Central Chumash subgroup \\ - Extinct. | |
| | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_languages|Eskimo–Aleut languages]]**// ([[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Eskimo-Aleut_basic_vocabulary|Swadesh list 1]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/famesk_words.htm|Swadesh list 2]]) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/aleut.htm|Aleut (Unangam Tunuu)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/aleut.htm|Aleut (Unangan, Aleutian, Atkan)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleut_language|Aleut language (Unangam Tunuu)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/aleut_words.htm|Aleut terms (Eastern Aleut and Western Aleut)]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/aleut.php|Aleut phrases]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/aleut.php|Aleut sample texts]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Alaska]] (Aleutian Islands, Pribilof Islands, Commander Islands, Alaskan Peninsula) \\ **[[offtopic:Russia]]**: Commander Islands, Kamchatka Krai | - Aleut group \\ - Two main dialect subgroups: Western-Central Aleut (Atkan, Attuan, Unangan, Bering) and Eastern Aleut (Unalaskan, Pribilof). Attuan is extinct. | | | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimo%E2%80%93Aleut_languages|Eskimo–Aleut languages]]**// ([[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Eskimo-Aleut_basic_vocabulary|Swadesh list 1]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/famesk_words.htm|Swadesh list 2]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/inuit|Inuit names]]) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/aleut.htm|Aleut (Unangam Tunuu)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/aleut.htm|Aleut (Unangan, Aleutian, Atkan)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleut_language|Aleut language (Unangam Tunuu)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/aleut_words.htm|Aleut terms (Eastern Aleut and Western Aleut)]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/aleut.php|Aleut phrases]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/aleut.php|Aleut sample texts]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Alaska]] (Aleutian Islands, Pribilof Islands, Commander Islands, Alaskan Peninsula) \\ **[[offtopic:Russia]]**: Commander Islands, Kamchatka Krai | - Aleut group \\ - Two main dialect subgroups: Western-Central Aleut (Atkan, Attuan, Unangan, Bering) and Eastern Aleut (Unalaskan, Pribilof). Attuan is extinct. | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/alutiiq.htm|Alutiiq]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/alutiiq.htm|Alutiiq (Sugpiaq, Koniag, Chugach Eskimo)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alutiiq_language|Alutiiq_language (Sugpiaq, Pacific Gulf Yupik, Koniag-Chugach)]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/alutiiq.htm|Alutiiq phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/alutiiq_words.htm|Alutiiq terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: coastal Alaska | - Eskimo (Yupik-Inuit) group, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupik_languages|Yupik]] subgroup \\ - Two main dialects: Koniag Alutiiq and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chugach|Chugach Alutiiq]] | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/alutiiq.htm|Alutiiq]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/alutiiq.htm|Alutiiq (Sugpiaq, Koniag, Chugach Eskimo)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alutiiq_language|Alutiiq_language (Sugpiaq, Pacific Gulf Yupik, Koniag-Chugach)]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/alutiiq.htm|Alutiiq phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/alutiiq_words.htm|Alutiiq terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: coastal Alaska | - Eskimo (Yupik-Inuit) group, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupik_languages|Yupik]] subgroup \\ - Two main dialects: Koniag Alutiiq and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chugach|Chugach Alutiiq]] | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/yupik.htm|Central Alaskan Yup'ik (Yugtun)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/yupik.htm|Yup'ik (Cup'ik, Yup'ik Eskimo)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yup%27ik_language|Yup'ik language (Central Alaskan Yup'ik)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/yupik_words.htm|Yup'ik terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/yugtun.htm|Yugtun (Alsaka) script]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/yupik.htm|Central Alaskan Yup'ik sample texts]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: western and southwestern [[offtopic:Alaska]] | - Eskimo (Yupik-Inuit) group, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupik_languages|Yupik]] subgroup \\ - Three main dialects or branches: general central Alaskan Yup'ik, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevak_Cup%E2%80%99ik_language|Chevak Cup’ik (Cup’ik, Cugtun)]] and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunivak_Cup%27ig_language|Nunivak Cup'ig (Cup'ig, Cugtun)]] | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/yupik.htm|Central Alaskan Yup'ik (Yugtun)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/yupik.htm|Yup'ik (Cup'ik, Yup'ik Eskimo)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yup%27ik_language|Yup'ik language (Central Alaskan Yup'ik)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/yupik_words.htm|Yup'ik terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/yugtun.htm|Yugtun (Alsaka) script]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/yupik.htm|Central Alaskan Yup'ik sample texts]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: western and southwestern [[offtopic:Alaska]] | - Eskimo (Yupik-Inuit) group, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yupik_languages|Yupik]] subgroup \\ - Three main dialects or branches: general central Alaskan Yup'ik, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevak_Cup%E2%80%99ik_language|Chevak Cup’ik (Cup’ik, Cugtun)]] and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunivak_Cup%27ig_language|Nunivak Cup'ig (Cup'ig, Cugtun)]] | |
| | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na-Dene_languages|Na-Dené (Dené, Athabascan) languages]]**// \\ ([[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Den%C3%A9-Yeniseian_Swadesh_lists|Swadesh list]]) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ahtna.htm|Ahtna (Atnakenaege’)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/ahtna.htm|Ahtna (Atna, Copper River Athabascan)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahtna_language|Ahtna language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/ahtna_words.htm|Ahtna (Atnakenaege’) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Copper River region, [[offtopic:Alaska]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Southern Alaskan group \\ - Has //four major dialects//: [[http://www.native-languages.org/definitions/lower-copper-river.htm|Lower Copper River dialect]], [[http://www.native-languages.org/definitions/central-copper-river.htm|Central Copper River dialect]], [[http://www.native-languages.org/definitions/western-ahtna.htm|Western Ahtna dialect]] and the [[http://www.native-languages.org/definitions/upper-ahtna.htm|Upper Ahtna dialect]]. | | | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na-Dene_languages|Na-Dené (Dené, Athabascan) languages]]**// \\ ([[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Den%C3%A9-Yeniseian_Swadesh_lists|Swadesh list]]) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ahtna.htm|Ahtna (Atnakenaege’)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/ahtna.htm|Ahtna (Atna, Copper River Athabascan)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahtna_language|Ahtna language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/ahtna_words.htm|Ahtna (Atnakenaege’) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Copper River region, [[offtopic:Alaska]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Southern Alaskan group \\ - Has //four major dialects//: [[http://www.native-languages.org/definitions/lower-copper-river.htm|Lower Copper River dialect]], [[http://www.native-languages.org/definitions/central-copper-river.htm|Central Copper River dialect]], [[http://www.native-languages.org/definitions/western-ahtna.htm|Western Ahtna dialect]] and the [[http://www.native-languages.org/definitions/upper-ahtna.htm|Upper Ahtna dialect]]. | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/apache.htm|Apache]] (eastern form) \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/definitions/eastern-apache.htm|Eastern Apache]] | N/A | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New Mexico]], historically also [[offtopic:Texas]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]], Eastern Apachean group \\ - Eastern Apache includes the Jicarilla (Abáachi mizaa) dialect and the extinct Lipan dialect. | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/apache.htm|Apache]] (eastern form) \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/definitions/eastern-apache.htm|Eastern Apache]] | N/A | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New Mexico]], historically also [[offtopic:Texas]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]], Eastern Apachean group \\ - Eastern Apache includes the Jicarilla (Abáachi mizaa) dialect and the extinct Lipan dialect. | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/apache.htm|Apache]] (western form) \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/apache.htm|Apache (Tinde, Nde, Ndee, Dine'e, Na'isha)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Apache_language|Western Apache language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/apache_words.htm|Western Apache terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: southeastern [[offtopic:Arizona]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]], Western Apachean group \\ - Apache proper has two major subdivisions, Western and Eastern, with many regional dialects. //Major offshoot dialects// are Mescalero and Chiricahua (see further below), while //minor dialects// of Western Apache proper include Tonto, White Mountain, San Carlos and Cibecue. | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/apache.htm|Apache]] (western form) \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/apache.htm|Apache (Tinde, Nde, Ndee, Dine'e, Na'isha)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Apache_language|Western Apache language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/apache_words.htm|Western Apache terms]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/apache|Apache names]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: southeastern [[offtopic:Arizona]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]], Western Apachean group \\ - Apache proper has two major subdivisions, Western and Eastern, with many regional dialects. //Major offshoot dialects// are Mescalero and Chiricahua (see further below), while //minor dialects// of Western Apache proper include Tonto, White Mountain, San Carlos and Cibecue. | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/babinewitsuwiten.htm|Babine-Witsuwit'en]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/babine.htm|Babine-Wet'suwet'en (Northern Carrier, Takla)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babine-Witsuwit'en_language|Babine-Witsuwit'en (Nadot’en-Wets’uwet’en) language]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/bw.htm|Babine-Witsuwit'en]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/babine_words.htm|Babine-Witsuwit'en terms]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/bwbib.htm|Babine-Witsuwit'en bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:British Columbia]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central British Columbian group | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/babinewitsuwiten.htm|Babine-Witsuwit'en]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/babine.htm|Babine-Wet'suwet'en (Northern Carrier, Takla)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babine-Witsuwit'en_language|Babine-Witsuwit'en (Nadot’en-Wets’uwet’en) language]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/bw.htm|Babine-Witsuwit'en]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/babine_words.htm|Babine-Witsuwit'en terms]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/bwbib.htm|Babine-Witsuwit'en bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:British Columbia]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central British Columbian group | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/kato.htm|Cahto (Kato)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahto_language|Cahto (Kato) language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/kato.php|Cahto (Kato)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/kato_words.htm|Cahto (Kato) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Eel River, [[offtopic:California]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Athabaskan_languages|Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages]], Californian group \\ - Extinct (since the 1960s). Related to Wailaki (Eel River) language. | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/kato.htm|Cahto (Kato)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahto_language|Cahto (Kato) language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/kato.php|Cahto (Kato)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/kato_words.htm|Cahto (Kato) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Eel River, [[offtopic:California]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Athabaskan_languages|Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages]], Californian group \\ - Extinct (since the 1960s). Related to Wailaki (Eel River) language. | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/holikachuk.htm|Holikachuk (Innoko)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holikachuk_language|Holikachuk (Doogh Qinag) language]] | N/A | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: lower Yukon River, Innoko River, [[offtopic:Alaska]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central Alaska-Yukon group \\ - Extinct (by 2012). | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/holikachuk.htm|Holikachuk (Innoko)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holikachuk_language|Holikachuk (Doogh Qinag) language]] | N/A | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: lower Yukon River, Innoko River, [[offtopic:Alaska]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central Alaska-Yukon group \\ - Extinct (by 2012). | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/hupa.htm|Hupa]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/hupa.htm|Hupa (Hoopa)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupa_language|Hupa (Na:tinixwe Mixine:whe') language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/hupa.php|Hupa]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/hupa_words.htm|Hupa terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1256=Hupa|Hupa resources and audio recordings]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1258=Chilula|Chilula resources and audio recordings]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1259=Whilkut|Whilkut resources and audio recordings]] | Hoopa Valley, [[offtopic:California]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Athabaskan_languages|Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages]], Californian group \\ - Currently the only surviving living language of the Californian group. | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/hupa.htm|Hupa]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/hupa.htm|Hupa (Hoopa)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hupa_language|Hupa (Na:tinixwe Mixine:whe') language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/hupa.php|Hupa]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/hupa_words.htm|Hupa terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1256=Hupa|Hupa resources and audio recordings]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1258=Chilula|Chilula resources and audio recordings]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1259=Whilkut|Whilkut resources and audio recordings]] | Hoopa Valley, [[offtopic:California]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Athabaskan_languages|Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages]], Californian group \\ - Currently the only surviving living language of the Californian group. | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/jicarilla.htm|Jicarilla (Abáachi mizaa)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/jicarilla.htm|Jicarilla Apache]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jicarilla_language|Jicarilla language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/apache_words.htm|Jicarilla (Abáachi mizaa) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New Mexico]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]], Eastern Apachean group \\ - Relatives include Eastern Apache and the extinct Lipan. | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/jicarilla.htm|Jicarilla (Abáachi mizaa)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/jicarilla.htm|Jicarilla Apache]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jicarilla_language|Jicarilla language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/apache_words.htm|Jicarilla (Abáachi mizaa) terms]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/apache|Apache names]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New Mexico]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]], Eastern Apachean group \\ - Relatives include Eastern Apache and the extinct Lipan. | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/kaska.htm|Kaska (Nahanni)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaska_language|Kaska language]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/kaska.htm|The Kaska language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/kaska_words.htm|Kaska terms]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/kaskbib.htm|Kaska (Nahanni) bibliography]] \\ [[https://kaska.arts.ubc.ca/|Course Materials for UBC Kaska Language Course]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: southwestern [[offtopic:Northwest Territories]], southeastern [[offtopic:Yukon|Yukon Territory]], northern [[offtopic:British Columbia]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Northwest Canadian group, Kaskan (Central Cordillera) subgroup | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/kaska.htm|Kaska (Nahanni)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaska_language|Kaska language]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/kaska.htm|The Kaska language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/kaska_words.htm|Kaska terms]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/kaskbib.htm|Kaska (Nahanni) bibliography]] \\ [[https://kaska.arts.ubc.ca/|Course Materials for UBC Kaska Language Course]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: southwestern [[offtopic:Northwest Territories]], southeastern [[offtopic:Yukon|Yukon Territory]], northern [[offtopic:British Columbia]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Northwest Canadian group, Kaskan (Central Cordillera) subgroup | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/koyukon.htm|Koyukon (Denaakk'e)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/koyukon.htm|Koyukon (Ten'a) ]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koyukon_language|Koyukon (Denaakk'e) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/koyukon_words.htm|Koyukon (Denaakk'e) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: middle Yukon River, Koyukon River, [[offtopic:Alaska]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central Alaska-Yukon group | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/koyukon.htm|Koyukon (Denaakk'e)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/koyukon.htm|Koyukon (Ten'a) ]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koyukon_language|Koyukon (Denaakk'e) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/koyukon_words.htm|Koyukon (Denaakk'e) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: middle Yukon River, Koyukon River, [[offtopic:Alaska]] | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central Alaska-Yukon group | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/lipan.htm|Lipan Apache]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipan_language|Lipan language]] | N/A | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New Mexico]], [[offtopic:Texas]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]], Eastern Apachean group \\ - Extinct. Relatives include Eastern Apache and Jicarilla. | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/lipan.htm|Lipan Apache]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipan_language|Lipan language]] | N/A | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New Mexico]], [[offtopic:Texas]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]], Eastern Apachean group \\ - Extinct. Relatives include Eastern Apache and Jicarilla. | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mattole.htm|Mattole (Bear River language)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattole_language|Mattole (Mattole-Bear River) language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/mattole.php|Mattole]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mattole_words.htm|Mattole (Bear River language) terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1248=Mattole|Mattole resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Mattole River, [[offtopic:California]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Athabaskan_languages|Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages]], Californian group \\ - Extinct (since the 1930s). | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mattole.htm|Mattole (Bear River language)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattole_language|Mattole (Mattole-Bear River) language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/mattole.php|Mattole]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mattole_words.htm|Mattole (Bear River language) terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1248=Mattole|Mattole resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Mattole River, [[offtopic:California]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Athabaskan_languages|Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages]], Californian group \\ - Extinct (since the 1930s). | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mescalero-chiricahua.htm|Mescalero-Chiricahua (Ndee bizaa)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/mescalero.htm|Mescalero Apache]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/chiricahua.htm|Chiricahua Apache]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mescalero-Chiricahua_language|Mescalero-Chiricahua language]] \\ | [[http://www.native-languages.org/apache_words.htm|Mescalero-Chiricahua (Ndee bizaa) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New Mexico]], [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]], Western Apachean group \\ - Relatives include Western Apache and Navajo. | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mescalero-chiricahua.htm|Mescalero-Chiricahua (Ndee bizaa)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/mescalero.htm|Mescalero Apache]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/chiricahua.htm|Chiricahua Apache]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mescalero-Chiricahua_language|Mescalero-Chiricahua language]] \\ | [[http://www.native-languages.org/apache_words.htm|Mescalero-Chiricahua (Ndee bizaa) terms]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/apache|Apache names]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New Mexico]], [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]], Western Apachean group \\ - Relatives include Western Apache and Navajo. | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/navajo.htm|Navajo (Diné Bizaad)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/navajo.htm|Navajo (Diné)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_language|Navajo language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/navajo.php|Navajo phrases]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/navajo.htm|Navajo number]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/kinship/navajo.htm|Family terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/navajo.htm|Navajo sample texts]] \\ [[https://glosbe.com/en/nv/|English to Navajo online dictionary]] \\ [[https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/n/navajo-code-talker-dictionary.html|WWII "Windtalker" glossary]] \\ [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzWp81b3ENA|Star Wars in Navajo !]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Arizona]], [[offtopic:New Mexico]], [[offtopic:Colorado]], [[offtopic:Utah]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]] \\ - Possibly the largest Native American language in North America today, by number of speakers (ca 150 000). Closely related to both Western and Eastern Apache. | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/navajo.htm|Navajo (Diné Bizaad)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/navajo.htm|Navajo (Diné)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navajo_language|Navajo language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/navajo.php|Navajo phrases]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/navajo.htm|Navajo number]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/kinship/navajo.htm|Family terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/navajo.htm|Navajo sample texts]] \\ [[https://glosbe.com/en/nv/|English to Navajo online dictionary]] \\ [[https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/n/navajo-code-talker-dictionary.html|WWII "Windtalker" glossary]] \\ [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzWp81b3ENA|Star Wars in Navajo !]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Arizona]], [[offtopic:New Mexico]], [[offtopic:Colorado]], [[offtopic:Utah]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Athabaskan_languages|Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) languages]] \\ - Possibly the largest Native American language in North America today, by number of speakers (ca 150 000). Closely related to both Western and Eastern Apache. | |
| | ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_language|Nicola Valley language (Stuwix)]] | [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/nicbib.htm|Nicola Valley language (Stuwix) bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: Similkameen Valley and Nicola Valley, [[offtopic:British Columbia]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central British Columbian group \\ - Extinct. Possibly a dialect of Chilcotin. | | | ::: | [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_language|Nicola Valley language (Stuwix)]] | [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/nicbib.htm|Nicola Valley language (Stuwix) bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: Similkameen Valley and Nicola Valley, [[offtopic:British Columbia]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Athabaskan_languages|Northern Athabaskan languages]], Central British Columbian group \\ - Extinct. Possibly a dialect of Chilcotin. | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/wailaki.htm|Wailaki (Sinkyone, Lassik, Nongatl, Eel River Athabaskan)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wailaki_language|Wailaki (Eel River) language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/eel-river-athabaskan.php|Eel River Athabaskan (Nongatl, Sinkyone, Lassik, Wailaki)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/wailaki_words.htm|Wailaki terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1253=Wailaki|Wailaki resources and audio recordings]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1252=Sinkyone|Sinkyone resources and audio recordings]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1250=Lassik|Lassik resources and audio recordings]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1251=Nongatl|Nongatl resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Eel River, [[offtopic:California]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Athabaskan_languages|Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages]], Californian group \\ - Extinct. Its dialects were those of the Sinkyone, Wailaki, Nongatl, and Lassik tribes. | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/wailaki.htm|Wailaki (Sinkyone, Lassik, Nongatl, Eel River Athabaskan)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wailaki_language|Wailaki (Eel River) language]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/eel-river-athabaskan.php|Eel River Athabaskan (Nongatl, Sinkyone, Lassik, Wailaki)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/wailaki_words.htm|Wailaki terms]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1253=Wailaki|Wailaki resources and audio recordings]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1252=Sinkyone|Sinkyone resources and audio recordings]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1250=Lassik|Lassik resources and audio recordings]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=1251=Nongatl|Nongatl resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Eel River, [[offtopic:California]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Athabaskan_languages|Pacific Coast Athabaskan languages]], Californian group \\ - Extinct. Its dialects were those of the Sinkyone, Wailaki, Nongatl, and Lassik tribes. | |
| | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquoian_languages|Iroquoian languages]]**// \\ ([[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Algonquian_and_Iroquoian_Swadesh_lists|Swadesh list 1]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/iroquois_words.htm|Swadesh list 2]]) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/cayuga.php|Cayuga (Goyogo̱hó:nǫ’)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cayuga.htm|Cayuga language]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayuga_language|Cayuga language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/cayuga_words.htm|Cayuga terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/cayuga.htm|Cayuga numbers]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New York state]] | Northern Iroquoian languages, Lake Iroquoian group, Seneca-Onondaga subgroup | | | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquoian_languages|Iroquoian languages]]**// \\ ([[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Algonquian_and_Iroquoian_Swadesh_lists|Swadesh list 1]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/iroquois_words.htm|Swadesh list 2]]) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/cayuga.php|Cayuga (Goyogo̱hó:nǫ’)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cayuga.htm|Cayuga language]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayuga_language|Cayuga language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/cayuga_words.htm|Cayuga terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/cayuga.htm|Cayuga numbers]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New York state]] | Northern Iroquoian languages, Lake Iroquoian group, Seneca-Onondaga subgroup | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/cherokee.htm|Cherokee (ᏣᎳᎩ / Tsalagi)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cherokee.htm|Cherokee (Tsalagi)]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_language|Cherokee (Tsalagi Gawonihisdi) language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/cherokee.php|Cheroke phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cherokee_words.htm|Cherokee terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/cherokee.htm|Cherokee numbers]] \\ [[https://glosbe.com/en/chr/|English to Cherokee online dictionary]] \\ [[http://www.ctc.volant.org/cherokee/Mirror/whitedoves_eng-cher.html|English to Cherokee online dictionary]] \\ [[https://web.archive.org/web/20091021035134/http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Stadium/7075/cherokee/cpicsModern/cher-eng.html|Cherokee to English online dictionary]] \\ [[https://web.archive.org/web/20091021035135/http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Stadium/7075/cherokee/cpicsModern/topic-ch.html|Topically indexed Cherokee/English dictionary]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/books/language/cherokee.htm|Other language materials]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Great Smoky Mountains and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualla_Boundary|Qualla Boundary]], [[offtopic:North Carolina]], east [[offtopic:Oklahoma]], [[offtopic:Arkansas]] a community in [[offtopic:California]] | Southern Iroquoian languages | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/cherokee.htm|Cherokee (ᏣᎳᎩ / Tsalagi)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cherokee.htm|Cherokee (Tsalagi)]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_language|Cherokee (Tsalagi Gawonihisdi) language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/cherokee.php|Cheroke phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/cherokee_words.htm|Cherokee terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/cherokee.htm|Cherokee numbers]] \\ [[https://glosbe.com/en/chr/|English to Cherokee online dictionary]] \\ [[http://www.ctc.volant.org/cherokee/Mirror/whitedoves_eng-cher.html|English to Cherokee online dictionary]] \\ [[https://web.archive.org/web/20091021035134/http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Stadium/7075/cherokee/cpicsModern/cher-eng.html|Cherokee to English online dictionary]] \\ [[https://web.archive.org/web/20091021035135/http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Stadium/7075/cherokee/cpicsModern/topic-ch.html|Topically indexed Cherokee/English dictionary]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/books/language/cherokee.htm|Other language materials]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/cherokee|Cherokee names]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Great Smoky Mountains and [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualla_Boundary|Qualla Boundary]], [[offtopic:North Carolina]], east [[offtopic:Oklahoma]], [[offtopic:Arkansas]] a community in [[offtopic:California]] | Southern Iroquoian languages | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/erie.htm|Erie Iroquois]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_people|Erie people]] | [[|]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: western [[offtopic:New York state]], northwestern [[offtopic:Pennsylvania]], and northern [[offtopic:Ohio]] (17th century) | Northern Iroquoian languages, Huronian group | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/erie.htm|Erie Iroquois]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_people|Erie people]] | [[|]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: western [[offtopic:New York state]], northwestern [[offtopic:Pennsylvania]], and northern [[offtopic:Ohio]] (17th century) | Northern Iroquoian languages, Huronian group | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/laurentian.htm|Laurentian (St. Lawrence River Iroquois, Stadaconan)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurentian_language|Laurentian language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/laurentian_words.htm|Laurentian terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: along the Saint Lawrence River, [[offtopic:Quebec]], [[offtopic:Ontario]] (16th century) | Northern Iroquoian languages, otherwise unclear classification | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/laurentian.htm|Laurentian (St. Lawrence River Iroquois, Stadaconan)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurentian_language|Laurentian language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/laurentian_words.htm|Laurentian terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: along the Saint Lawrence River, [[offtopic:Quebec]], [[offtopic:Ontario]] (16th century) | Northern Iroquoian languages, otherwise unclear classification | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mohawk.htm|Mohawk (Kanien'keha)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/mohawk.htm|Mohawk (Kanienkehaka)]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohawk_language|Mohawk language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mohawk_words.htm|Mohawk terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/mohawk.htm|Mohawk numbers]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/mohawk.htm|Mohawk sample texts]] \\ [[http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Mohawk.htm|Other Mohawk language resources]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]], [[offtopic:Quebec]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:New York state]] | Northern Iroquoian languages, Lake Iroquoian group, Mohawk-Oneida subgroup | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mohawk.htm|Mohawk (Kanien'keha)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/mohawk.htm|Mohawk (Kanienkehaka)]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohawk_language|Mohawk language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/mohawk_words.htm|Mohawk terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/mohawk.htm|Mohawk numbers]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/mohawk.htm|Mohawk sample texts]] \\ [[http://www.worldlanguage.com/Languages/Mohawk.htm|Other Mohawk language resources]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/mohawk|Mohawk names]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/iroquois|Iroquois names]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]], [[offtopic:Quebec]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:New York state]] | Northern Iroquoian languages, Lake Iroquoian group, Mohawk-Oneida subgroup | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/nottoway.htm|Nottoway]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottoway_language|Nottoway language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/nottoway_words.htm|Nottoway terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Virginia]] | - Northern Iroquoian languages, Central Iroquoian group \\ Extinct by ca 1838. | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/nottoway.htm|Nottoway]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nottoway_language|Nottoway language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/nottoway_words.htm|Nottoway terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Virginia]] | - Northern Iroquoian languages, Central Iroquoian group \\ Extinct by ca 1838. | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/oneida.htm|Oneida (Onʌyotaʼa:ka)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/oneida.htm|Oneida]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneida_language|Oneida language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/oneida_words.htm|Oneida numbers and terms]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/oneida_colors.htm|Oneida color terms]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/oneida_animals.htm|Oneida animal terms]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/oneida_body.htm|Oneida body part terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Green Bay, [[offtopic:Wisconsin]], central [[offtopic:New York state]] | Northern Iroquoian languages, Lake Iroquoian group, Mohawk-Oneida subgroup | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/oneida.htm|Oneida (Onʌyotaʼa:ka)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/oneida.htm|Oneida]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneida_language|Oneida language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/oneida_words.htm|Oneida numbers and terms]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/oneida_colors.htm|Oneida color terms]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/oneida_animals.htm|Oneida animal terms]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/oneida_body.htm|Oneida body part terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: Green Bay, [[offtopic:Wisconsin]], central [[offtopic:New York state]] | Northern Iroquoian languages, Lake Iroquoian group, Mohawk-Oneida subgroup | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/onondaga.htm|Onondaga (Onǫda’gegá’ / Onoñda’gegá’)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/onondaga.htm|Onondaga]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onondaga_language|Onondaga language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/onondaga_words.htm|Onondaga terms]] \\ [[https://web.archive.org/web/20051231073625/http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/sounds/recs/rec3.mp3|Onondaga audio recording]] \\ [[http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.49524/5?r=0&s=1|Shea, J. G.: A French-Onondaga Dictionary]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: central [[offtopic:New York state]] | Northern Iroquoian languages, Lake Iroquoian group, Seneca-Onondaga subgroup | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/onondaga.htm|Onondaga (Onǫda’gegá’ / Onoñda’gegá’)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/onondaga.htm|Onondaga]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onondaga_language|Onondaga language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/onondaga_words.htm|Onondaga terms]] \\ [[https://web.archive.org/web/20051231073625/http://www.amphilsoc.org/library/sounds/recs/rec3.mp3|Onondaga audio recording]] \\ [[http://eco.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.49524/5?r=0&s=1|Shea, J. G.: A French-Onondaga Dictionary]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: central [[offtopic:New York state]] | Northern Iroquoian languages, Lake Iroquoian group, Seneca-Onondaga subgroup | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/seneca.htm|Seneca (Onödowá'ga:')]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/seneca.htm|Seneca]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_language|Seneca language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/seneca_words.htm|Seneca terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/seneca.htm|Seneca numbers]] \\ [[http://mingolanguage.org/|Mingo dialect of Seneca (Ohio, West Virginia)]] \\ [[http://www.mingolanguage.org/iroquoianlanguages.html|Seneca and Mingo within the Iroquoian family context]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: western [[offtopic:New York state]] | Northern Iroquoian languages, Lake Iroquoian group, Seneca-Onondaga subgroup | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/seneca.htm|Seneca (Onödowá'ga:')]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/seneca.htm|Seneca]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_language|Seneca language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/seneca_words.htm|Seneca terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/numbers/seneca.htm|Seneca numbers]] \\ [[http://mingolanguage.org/|Mingo dialect of Seneca (Ohio, West Virginia)]] \\ [[http://www.mingolanguage.org/iroquoianlanguages.html|Seneca and Mingo within the Iroquoian family context]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/seneca|Seneca names]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: western [[offtopic:New York state]] | Northern Iroquoian languages, Lake Iroquoian group, Seneca-Onondaga subgroup | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/susquehannock.htm|Susquehannock (Susquehanna)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susquehannock|Susquehannock (Conestoga)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/susquehannock_words.htm|Susquehannock terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New York state]], [[offtopic:Pennsylvania]], [[offtopic:Maryland]] | Northern Iroquoian languages, otherwise unclear classification | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/susquehannock.htm|Susquehannock (Susquehanna)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susquehannock|Susquehannock (Conestoga)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/susquehannock_words.htm|Susquehannock terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:New York state]], [[offtopic:Pennsylvania]], [[offtopic:Maryland]] | Northern Iroquoian languages, otherwise unclear classification | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tuscarora.htm|Tuscarora (Ska:rù:rę')]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/tuscarora.htm|Tuscarora]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscarora_language|Tuscarora language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/tuscarora_words.htm|Tuscarora terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: southern [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northwestern [[offtopic:New York state]], eastern [[offtopic:North Carolina]] | - Northern Iroquoian languages, Central Iroquoian group \\ - Few current native speakers. | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tuscarora.htm|Tuscarora (Ska:rù:rę')]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/tuscarora.htm|Tuscarora]] \\ [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscarora_language|Tuscarora language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/tuscarora_words.htm|Tuscarora terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: southern [[offtopic:Ontario]] \\ **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northwestern [[offtopic:New York state]], eastern [[offtopic:North Carolina]] | - Northern Iroquoian languages, Central Iroquoian group \\ - Few current native speakers. | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/pomo.htm|Southeastern Pomo]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Pomo_language|Southeastern Pomo (Elem Pomo, Lower Lake Pomo)]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/southeastern-pomo.php|Southeastern Pomo]] | [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=269=Southeastern+Pomo|Southeastern Pomo resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:California]] | - Southeastern Pomo group \\ - Ongoing revival in the early 2010s. One of only three currently extant Pomo languages, the other being Kashaya (Southwestern Pomo) and Southern Pomo. | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/pomo.htm|Southeastern Pomo]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Pomo_language|Southeastern Pomo (Elem Pomo, Lower Lake Pomo)]] \\ [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/languages/southeastern-pomo.php|Southeastern Pomo]] | [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=269=Southeastern+Pomo|Southeastern Pomo resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:California]] | - Southeastern Pomo group \\ - Ongoing revival in the early 2010s. One of only three currently extant Pomo languages, the other being Kashaya (Southwestern Pomo) and Southern Pomo. | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/southernpomo.htm|Southern Pomo]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/pomo.htm|Southern Pomo]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pomo_language|Southern Pomo language]] | [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=285=Southern+Pomo|Southern Pomo resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:California]] | - Western Pomo group, Southern subgroup \\ - Extinct (almost no speakers remain as of the early 2010s), though still considered extant, along with Southeastern Pomo and Kashaya (Southwestern Pomo). | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/southernpomo.htm|Southern Pomo]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/pomo.htm|Southern Pomo]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pomo_language|Southern Pomo language]] | [[http://cla.berkeley.edu/list.php?langid=285=Southern+Pomo|Southern Pomo resources and audio recordings]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:California]] | - Western Pomo group, Southern subgroup \\ - Extinct (almost no speakers remain as of the early 2010s), though still considered extant, along with Southeastern Pomo and Kashaya (Southwestern Pomo). | |
| | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salishan_languages|Salishan languages]]**// ([[http://www.native-languages.org/famsal_words.htm|Swadesh list]] \\ //[[https://www.sfu.ca/nwjl/Articles/V002_N03/VanEijkSalishBiblio.pdf|A Bibliography of Salish Linguistics]]//) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/coeurdalene.htm|Coeur d'Alene (Snchitsu'umshtsn)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/coeur.htm|Coeur d'Alene (Schitsu'Umsh, Skitswish)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene_language|Coeur d'Alene (Cœur d'Alène, snchitsu'umshtsn) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/coeur_words.htm|Coeur d'Alene (Schitsu'Umsh, Skitswish) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:Idaho]] | Interior Salish group, Southern Interior subgroup | | | //**[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salishan_languages|Salishan languages]]**// ([[http://www.native-languages.org/famsal_words.htm|Swadesh list]] \\ //[[https://www.sfu.ca/nwjl/Articles/V002_N03/VanEijkSalishBiblio.pdf|A Bibliography of Salish Linguistics]]// \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/salishan|Salishan names]]) | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/coeurdalene.htm|Coeur d'Alene (Snchitsu'umshtsn)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/coeur.htm|Coeur d'Alene (Schitsu'Umsh, Skitswish)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeur_d%27Alene_language|Coeur d'Alene (Cœur d'Alène, snchitsu'umshtsn) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/coeur_words.htm|Coeur d'Alene (Schitsu'Umsh, Skitswish) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:Idaho]] | Interior Salish group, Southern Interior subgroup | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/columbian.htm|Columbian (Wenatchee)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia-Moses_language|Columbia-Moses (Columbia-Wenatchi, Nxaảmxcín) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/columbian_words.htm|Columbia-Wenatchi terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:Idaho]], eastern [[offtopic:Washington state]] | Interior Salish group, Southern Interior subgroup | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/columbian.htm|Columbian (Wenatchee)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia-Moses_language|Columbia-Moses (Columbia-Wenatchi, Nxaảmxcín) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/columbian_words.htm|Columbia-Wenatchi terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:Idaho]], eastern [[offtopic:Washington state]] | Interior Salish group, Southern Interior subgroup | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/comox.htm|Comox (Saɬuɬtxʷ / Salhulhtxw)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/comox.htm|Comox (Sliammon, Salhulhtxw)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comox_language|Comox language]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/comox.htm|The Comox/Sliamon language]] | [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/comoxbib.htm|Comox/Sliamon bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:British Columbia]] | Coast Salish group, Central Coast Salish subgroup, North-Central branch | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/comox.htm|Comox (Saɬuɬtxʷ / Salhulhtxw)]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/comox.htm|Comox (Sliammon, Salhulhtxw)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comox_language|Comox language]] \\ [[http://www.ydli.org/langs/comox.htm|The Comox/Sliamon language]] | [[http://www.ydli.org/biblios/comoxbib.htm|Comox/Sliamon bibliography]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:British Columbia]] | Coast Salish group, Central Coast Salish subgroup, North-Central branch | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/osage.htm|Osage (Wazhazhe)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osage_language|Osage (Wazhazhe ie) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/osage_words.htm|Osage (Wazhazhe) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - Western Siouan group, Mississippi Valley subgroup, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhegihan_languages|Dhegihan]] branch \\ - Extinct (by 2005), but there is a revival effort. A new alphabet standard for the language (based on the Latin script) was devised in 2006 and is now available [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osage_(Unicode_block)|in Unicode]]. | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/osage.htm|Osage (Wazhazhe)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osage_language|Osage (Wazhazhe ie) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/osage_words.htm|Osage (Wazhazhe) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Oklahoma]] | - Western Siouan group, Mississippi Valley subgroup, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhegihan_languages|Dhegihan]] branch \\ - Extinct (by 2005), but there is a revival effort. A new alphabet standard for the language (based on the Latin script) was devised in 2006 and is now available [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osage_(Unicode_block)|in Unicode]]. | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/quapaw.htm|Quapaw (Alkansea, Arkansas, Ogahpah, Kwapa)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quapaw_language|Quapaw (Arkansas) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/quapaw_words.htm|Quapaw (Arkansas) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Oklahoma]], [[offtopic:Arkansas]] | Western Siouan group, Mississippi Valley subgroup, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhegihan_languages|Dhegihan]] branch | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/quapaw.htm|Quapaw (Alkansea, Arkansas, Ogahpah, Kwapa)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quapaw_language|Quapaw (Arkansas) language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/quapaw_words.htm|Quapaw (Arkansas) terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:Oklahoma]], [[offtopic:Arkansas]] | Western Siouan group, Mississippi Valley subgroup, [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhegihan_languages|Dhegihan]] branch | |
| | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/sioux.htm|Sioux (Dakota, Lakota)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sioux_language|Sioux language]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_language|Lakota (Lakhota, Teton, Teton Sioux) language]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_language|Dakota (Dakhótiyapi, Dakȟótiyapi) language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/lakota.php|Lakota phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/lakota_words.htm|Lakota terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/dakota.htm|Dakota sample texts]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/books/language/sioux.htm|Sioux language resources]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:Nebraska]], southern [[offtopic:Minnesota]], [[offtopic:North and South Dakota]] and northeastern [[offtopic:Montana]] \\ parts of **[[offtopic:Canada]]** | Western Siouan group, Mississippi Valley subgroup, Dakotan branch | | | ::: | [[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/sioux.htm|Sioux (Dakota, Lakota)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sioux_language|Sioux language]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakota_language|Lakota (Lakhota, Teton, Teton Sioux) language]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_language|Dakota (Dakhótiyapi, Dakȟótiyapi) language]] | [[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/lakota.php|Lakota phrases]] \\ [[http://www.native-languages.org/lakota_words.htm|Lakota terms]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/babel/dakota.htm|Dakota sample texts]] \\ [[https://www.omniglot.com/books/language/sioux.htm|Sioux language resources]] \\ [[https://www.behindthename.com/submit/names/usage/sioux|Sioux names]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: northern [[offtopic:Nebraska]], southern [[offtopic:Minnesota]], [[offtopic:North and South Dakota]] and northeastern [[offtopic:Montana]] \\ parts of **[[offtopic:Canada]]** | Western Siouan group, Mississippi Valley subgroup, Dakotan branch | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/stoney.htm|Stoney (Nakoda)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoney_language|Stoney (Nakota, Nakoda, Isga)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/stoney_words.htm|Stoney terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Alberta]] | - Western Siouan group, Mississippi Valley subgroup, Dakotan branch \\ - Only major group of Siouan speakers wholly in Canadian territory. | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/stoney.htm|Stoney (Nakoda)]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoney_language|Stoney (Nakota, Nakoda, Isga)]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/stoney_words.htm|Stoney terms]] | **[[offtopic:Canada]]**: [[offtopic:Alberta]] | - Western Siouan group, Mississippi Valley subgroup, Dakotan branch \\ - Only major group of Siouan speakers wholly in Canadian territory. | |
| | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/woccon.htm|Woccon]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woccon_language|Woccon language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/woccon_words.htm|Woccon terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:North Carolina]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawban_languages|Eastern Siouan (Catawban)]] group \\ - Extinct by the early 18th century. Only a small vocabulary of some 143 words survives, recorded in a printed publication from 1709. A factor in the language's early extinction was the conquest and assimilation of the Woccon by the Tuscarora. | | | ::: | [[http://www.native-languages.org/woccon.htm|Woccon]] \\ [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woccon_language|Woccon language]] | [[http://www.native-languages.org/woccon_words.htm|Woccon terms]] | **[[offtopic:USA]]**: [[offtopic:North Carolina]] | - [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawban_languages|Eastern Siouan (Catawban)]] group \\ - Extinct by the early 18th century. Only a small vocabulary of some 143 words survives, recorded in a printed publication from 1709. A factor in the language's early extinction was the conquest and assimilation of the Woccon by the Tuscarora. | |
