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| offtopic:german_politics [2019/10/28 15:00] – [Political Parties] max_sinister | offtopic:german_politics [2019/11/04 10:36] – [Coalitions] re-ordered by importance/common-ness max_sinister |
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| Had no official name, although "[[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigerente|Tigerenten]]-Koalition" was suggested (maybe as a joke), and "bee (or wasp) coalition" would also work. | Had no official name, although "[[http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigerente|Tigerenten]]-Koalition" was suggested (maybe as a joke), and "bee (or wasp) coalition" would also work. |
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| == "Red/Green" == | == "Grand Coalition" (Black/Red) == |
| A coalition between the SPD and the Greens. The federal government of chancellor Gerhard Schröder (1998-2005) was a Red-Green one. It's been this coalition that really started the trend of naming coalitions for their parties' colours. | The Grand Coalition (a coalition of the CDU and the SPD) derives its name from the fact that the two biggest parties in Germany form a coalition. Usually that's an emergency measure when no other option is unavailable (like in the current Bundestag, as Die Linke was shunned by all sides, as said), though on some state levels it is a true option of similar ideologies. Germany has been run by grand coalitions three times, once under Kurt-Georg Kiesinger (1966-69) and more recently under Angela Merkel (2005-09 and since 2013 again). Said coalition under Kiesinger was in fact made to introduce the //Notstandsgesetze// which were veeery controversial and needed a two-thirds majority to change the constitution. |
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| Current (August 2019) state governments of that type run in [[Hamburg]], after the same coalition in [[Bremen]] lost its majority. | Current (August 2019) state governments include those of Saarland, Saxony (lead by the CDU), and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Lower Saxony (lead by the SPD). |
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| Under opposite premises ("Green-Red"), Baden-Württemberg had this with the first-ever Green minister-president. | Increasingly incorrectly named, since in many //länder// other parties than CDU/CSU and SPD make it to place #2 or even #1 -- Greens in Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria (where the SPD only made place #5!), Linke in several eastern //länder// (not counting Berlin), AfD in several other eastern //länder//, and the negative record would be Thuringia in 2019 where Linke are #1, AfD #2, with the Linke getting more votes than CDU and SPD when put together! -- Even in most western //länder// and on federal level, this coalition doesn't get a two-thirds majority anymore. |
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| == "Red/Yellow" == | == "Red/Yellow" == |
| A very stable social-liberal coalition existed in Rhineland-Palatinate from 1991 to 2006. | A very stable social-liberal coalition existed in Rhineland-Palatinate from 1991 to 2006. |
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| == "Black/Green" (aka "Kiwi coalition") == | == "Red/Green" == |
| A coalition between the CDU and the Greens. This was unthinkable until very recently. Again, Hesse was the groundbreaker, with a surprisingly very stable coalition on city level being formed in Frankfurt. In 2008, a coalition on state level was formed in Hamburg; it seemed to fall apart about the matter of secret deals not revealed to the respective party bases only five months after the election and eventually did so when, after a referendum crushed plans for more comprehensive education (no matter how it had ended), Governing Mayor Ole von Beust as the staple that held Black-Green together retreated from the political scene. Premature elections came in February 2011 and led to an absolute SPD majority. | A coalition between the SPD and the Greens. The federal government of chancellor Gerhard Schröder (1998-2005) was a Red-Green one. It's been this coalition that really started the trend of naming coalitions for their parties' colours. |
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| Current (August 2019) state governments of that type run in Hesse and, under opposite premises ("Green-Black"), in Baden-Württemberg. | Current (August 2019) state governments of that type run in [[Hamburg]], after the same coalition in [[Bremen]] lost its majority. |
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| | Under opposite premises ("Green-Red"), Baden-Württemberg had this with the first-ever Green minister-president. |
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| == "Red/Red" (or "Red/Dark Red" for pedants) == | == "Red/Red" (or "Red/Dark Red" for pedants) == |
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| The closest thing to Red-Red-Green ruling a state were the Red-Green minority government in various //länder// that depended on parliamentary support of Die Linke (starting with Saxony-Anhalt in 1994, hence called the "Magdeburg Model" after its capital), but since 2014, a certain Bodo Ramelow (first minister president of the Linke) leads an actual coalition like this -- except that Die Linke is the strongest partner. Since 2016, [[Berlin]] has a genuine Red-Red-Green government, with the SPD leading. In 2019, Bremen followed suit. | The closest thing to Red-Red-Green ruling a state were the Red-Green minority government in various //länder// that depended on parliamentary support of Die Linke (starting with Saxony-Anhalt in 1994, hence called the "Magdeburg Model" after its capital), but since 2014, a certain Bodo Ramelow (first minister president of the Linke) leads an actual coalition like this -- except that Die Linke is the strongest partner. Since 2016, [[Berlin]] has a genuine Red-Red-Green government, with the SPD leading. In 2019, Bremen followed suit. |
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| == "Grand Coalition" (Black/Red) == | |
| The Grand Coalition (a coalition of the CDU and the SPD) derives its name from the fact that the two biggest parties in Germany form a coalition. Usually that's an emergency measure when no other option is unavailable (like in the current Bundestag, as Die Linke was shunned by all sides, as said), though on some state levels it is a true option of similar ideologies. Germany has been run by grand coalitions three times, once under Kurt-Georg Kiesinger (1966-69) and more recently under Angela Merkel (2005-09 and since 2013 again). Said coalition under Kiesinger was in fact made to introduce the //Notstandsgesetze// which were veeery controversial and needed a two-thirds majority to change the constitution. | |
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| Current (August 2019) state governments include those of Saarland, Saxony (lead by the CDU), and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Lower Saxony (lead by the SPD). | |
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| Increasingly incorrectly named, since in many //länder// other parties than CDU/CSU and SPD make it to place #2 or even #1 -- Greens in Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria (where the SPD only made place #5!), Linke in several eastern //länder// (not counting Berlin), AfD in several other eastern //länder//, and the negative record would be Thuringia in 2019 where Linke are #1, AfD #2, with the Linke getting more votes than CDU and SPD when put together! -- Even in most western //länder// and on federal level, this coalition doesn't get a two-thirds majority anymore. | |
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| == "Traffic Light Coalition" (Red/Yellow/Green) == | == "Traffic Light Coalition" (Red/Yellow/Green) == |
| Sometimes also called "Red/Green/Blue" or "Gambia coalition", but that was before the AfD became strong. Furthermore, the CSU claims blue for themselves as well... it's really getting confusing. | Sometimes also called "Red/Green/Blue" or "Gambia coalition", but that was before the AfD became strong. Furthermore, the CSU claims blue for themselves as well... it's really getting confusing. |
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| == "Kenya coalition" (Black/Red/Green) == | == "Black/Green" (aka "Kiwi coalition") == |
| Believe it or not, but since 2016, Saxony-Anhalt actually has this. After the radical right AfD and the Linke had become too strong, this was pretty much the only viable alternative left. In October 2019, Brandenburg and Saxony will get it too, as it seems. | A coalition between the CDU and the Greens. This was unthinkable until very recently. Again, Hesse was the groundbreaker, with a surprisingly very stable coalition on city level being formed in Frankfurt. In 2008, a coalition on state level was formed in Hamburg; it seemed to fall apart about the matter of secret deals not revealed to the respective party bases only five months after the election and eventually did so when, after a referendum crushed plans for more comprehensive education (no matter how it had ended), Governing Mayor Ole von Beust as the staple that held Black-Green together retreated from the political scene. Premature elections came in February 2011 and led to an absolute SPD majority. |
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| | Current (August 2019) state governments of that type run in Hesse and, under opposite premises ("Green-Black"), in Baden-Württemberg. |
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| == "Deutschland-Koalition" (Black/Red/Yellow) == | == "Deutschland-Koalition" (Black/Red/Yellow) == |
| Existed in the early years of West Germany in some lands (Berlin, Bremen, Saarland). Last ones of them died in 1959. | Existed in the early years of West Germany in some lands (Berlin, Bremen, Saarland). Last ones of them died in 1959. |
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| | == "Kenya coalition" (Black/Red/Green) == |
| | Believe it or not, but since 2016, Saxony-Anhalt actually has this. After the radical right AfD and the Linke had become too strong, this was pretty much the only viable alternative left. In October 2019, Brandenburg and Saxony will get it too, as it seems. |
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| | == "Papaya coalition" or "Bavaria coalition" (Black or Blue/Orange) == |
| | Consisting of CSU and Freie Wähler. Currently (August 2019) in power in Bavaria, where else. Not to be confused with a coalition of the [[Austria]]n ÖVP (pre-Kurz) and Jörg Haider's right-populist BZÖ which was orange too. -- The Pirate Party uses orange as well, it really gets confusing... |
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| | == "Paprika coalition" (Red/Green/Orange) == |
| | SPD, Greens and Pirate Party. Only exists in municipalities, as in Bielefeld (which doesn't exist!) and for a short time in [[Cologne]]. |
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| == "Zimbabwe coalition" (Black/Red/Green/Yellow) == | == "Zimbabwe coalition" (Black/Red/Green/Yellow) == |
| == "Brazil coalition" (Green/Yellow[/Blue]) == | == "Brazil coalition" (Green/Yellow[/Blue]) == |
| Greens and FDP. See, the second FDP color is blue, traditionally. Doesn't exist yet either, but since Kretschmann's Grüne have ~30% and the FDP isn't too weak either, it might become possible in the future. | Greens and FDP. See, the second FDP color is blue, traditionally. Doesn't exist yet either, but since Kretschmann's Grüne have ~30% and the FDP isn't too weak either, it might become possible in the future. |
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| == "Papaya coalition" or "Bavaria coalition" (Black or Blue/Orange) == | |
| Consisting of CSU and Freie Wähler. Currently (August 2019) in power in Bavaria, where else. Not to be confused with a coalition of the [[Austria]]n ÖVP (pre-Kurz) and Jörg Haider's right-populist BZÖ which was orange too. -- The Pirate Party uses orange as well, it really gets confusing... | |
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| == "Paprika coalition" (Red/Green/Orange) == | |
| SPD, Greens and Pirate Party. Only exists in municipalities, as in Bielefeld (which doesn't exist!) and for a short time in [[Cologne]]. | |
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| == "Hazelnut coalition" (Black/Brown) == | == "Hazelnut coalition" (Black/Brown) == |
