alternatehistory.com

Egypt was a part of the Ottoman Empire up until the last few years, but for most of the 19th century Egypt was basically only part of the empire in theory. Under the Muhammad Ali Pasha dynasty, Egypt was effectively independent and then effectively a British colony. But what if Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt hadn't broken with the Sublime Porte? Let's assume it's because he dies before he can invade Syria. Does Egypt remain semi-independent or does it get tied closer to Constantinople during Tanzimat? Do the reforms that Ali Pasha started in Egypt stick around? More long term, would having access to Egypt's breadbasket and population centers keep the empire stronger than it otherwise would be? I'd imagine it might be enough to keep them from suffering as many defeats during the 19th century. Could it be enough to save them? What would Europe do if Egypt's cotton markets are in Turkish hands?
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