How will democratization affect Russian minorities provinces (Ukraine, the Baltics, Finland, Poland, Belarus, the Central Asian and Caucasian nationalities)? Would they remain loyal to a federalized Russia or would Russia face an Austro-Hungarian scenario? Also, I would like you to also cover states like Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Serbia and Montenegro? Also, how are Italy and Spain doing? No Fascism in them?
With Liberty and Justice For All
kernals12
Banned
I'm going to have Russia hold together except for Poland and Finland (too much bad blood there). The other minority provinces will be like Quebec is to Canada. Greece was a democracy at this point so I don't need to do anything there. I'm still trying to figure out what the political situations were in Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania. In Italy, Mussolini only came to power in the chaos after World War I where fear of communism was rampant, no World War I means no chaos, and no October Revolution (well a different one) means no communism. Same thing in Spain.
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Ottoman Empire
kernals12
Banned
July 3, 1908 Resen, Ottoman Empire
Major Ahmed Niyazi Bey decamps with 200 troops and starts an uprising demanding the reinstatement of the 1876 Constitution beginning the Young Turks Rebellion.
July 24, 1908 Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
After 3 weeks of unrest, Sultan Abdul Hamid II reinstates the constitution which creates a parliament. The second constitutional era begins.
July 27, 1908
The still living people who had sat in the 1876 parliament reconvene to pass one piece of legislation: to dissolve the parliament and hold new elections in November.
October 5, 1908 Tarnovo, Ottoman Empire
Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria declares independence. The chaos across the empire prevents any response from Constantinople.
October 8, 1908 Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Empire Franz Joseph annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina.
November 1908
Elections are held. The Committee of Union and Progress, the driving force behind the revolution, wins.
April 13, 1909
A coup d'etat is attempted to remove the constitution. This is known as the March 31st incident due to the Ottoman calendar.
April 27, 1909
The government is restored and proceeds to strip the sultan of his powers and remove Abdul from the throne. He is replaced by his younger brother, Mehmed VI who accepts the constitutional changes.
September 29, 1911 Rome, Italy
Prime Minister Giovanni Gillotti declares war on Ottoman Empire, desiring to take Libya. The Ottomans' only practical response is local resistance. The Italians become bogged down in trench warfare.
January 1912 Red Sea
The Italians try a new plan. Using their ships they attack Ottoman possessions in Yemen, defeat Ottoman navy, and occupy islands in Aegean sea.
March 13, 1912
Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro form the Balkan league
October 8, 1912
Balkan League declares war on Ottomans. They manage to quickly take most the Ottoman territory in Southeastern Europe.
October 18, 1912
Ottomans, desperate to focus efforts on Balkans, hand over Libya in exchange for getting back Aegean islands in the treaty of Lusanne. Italo-Turkish war ends
November 12, 1912 Vlora, Albania
Albania declares independence
January 23, 1913 Constantinople
Another coup occurs, this one successful. The country comes under command of a Dictatorial Triumverate known as the 3 Pashas. The 3 are Prime Minister Mehmed Talaat Pasha, War Minister Ismail Enver Pasha, and Ahmed Djemel Pasha. They rule the country with an iron fist and stage a counteroffensive against the Balkan league but it is no use.
May 30, 1913
Peace treaty signed. First balkan war ends. Ottomans have now lost all of their European territory.
April 24, 1915
Between 235 and 270 Armenian intellectuals are arrested and deported to Ankara where most are murdered. The Armenian genocide begins. 1.5 million are killed or forced to flee by 1923.
August 4, 1916
The Triumverate commits to restoring the greatness of the Ottoman empire. They build new highways and railroads. The Farm Bank is created to modernize agriculture. More money is spent on schools.
October 14, 1927 Kirkuk District [1]
Oil is discovered. The riches are used to accelerate modernization and expand the military. They also become a source of corruption and conflict.
October 3, 1935
Ottomans stage a coup in Ethiopia and establish a vassal state.
[1] OTL Iraq
Major Ahmed Niyazi Bey decamps with 200 troops and starts an uprising demanding the reinstatement of the 1876 Constitution beginning the Young Turks Rebellion.
July 24, 1908 Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
After 3 weeks of unrest, Sultan Abdul Hamid II reinstates the constitution which creates a parliament. The second constitutional era begins.
July 27, 1908
The still living people who had sat in the 1876 parliament reconvene to pass one piece of legislation: to dissolve the parliament and hold new elections in November.
October 5, 1908 Tarnovo, Ottoman Empire
Prince Ferdinand of Bulgaria declares independence. The chaos across the empire prevents any response from Constantinople.
October 8, 1908 Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Empire Franz Joseph annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina.
November 1908
Elections are held. The Committee of Union and Progress, the driving force behind the revolution, wins.
April 13, 1909
A coup d'etat is attempted to remove the constitution. This is known as the March 31st incident due to the Ottoman calendar.
April 27, 1909
The government is restored and proceeds to strip the sultan of his powers and remove Abdul from the throne. He is replaced by his younger brother, Mehmed VI who accepts the constitutional changes.
September 29, 1911 Rome, Italy
Prime Minister Giovanni Gillotti declares war on Ottoman Empire, desiring to take Libya. The Ottomans' only practical response is local resistance. The Italians become bogged down in trench warfare.
January 1912 Red Sea
The Italians try a new plan. Using their ships they attack Ottoman possessions in Yemen, defeat Ottoman navy, and occupy islands in Aegean sea.
March 13, 1912
Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro form the Balkan league
October 8, 1912
Balkan League declares war on Ottomans. They manage to quickly take most the Ottoman territory in Southeastern Europe.
October 18, 1912
Ottomans, desperate to focus efforts on Balkans, hand over Libya in exchange for getting back Aegean islands in the treaty of Lusanne. Italo-Turkish war ends
November 12, 1912 Vlora, Albania
Albania declares independence
January 23, 1913 Constantinople
Another coup occurs, this one successful. The country comes under command of a Dictatorial Triumverate known as the 3 Pashas. The 3 are Prime Minister Mehmed Talaat Pasha, War Minister Ismail Enver Pasha, and Ahmed Djemel Pasha. They rule the country with an iron fist and stage a counteroffensive against the Balkan league but it is no use.
May 30, 1913
Peace treaty signed. First balkan war ends. Ottomans have now lost all of their European territory.
April 24, 1915
Between 235 and 270 Armenian intellectuals are arrested and deported to Ankara where most are murdered. The Armenian genocide begins. 1.5 million are killed or forced to flee by 1923.
August 4, 1916
The Triumverate commits to restoring the greatness of the Ottoman empire. They build new highways and railroads. The Farm Bank is created to modernize agriculture. More money is spent on schools.
October 14, 1927 Kirkuk District [1]
Oil is discovered. The riches are used to accelerate modernization and expand the military. They also become a source of corruption and conflict.
October 3, 1935
Ottomans stage a coup in Ethiopia and establish a vassal state.
[1] OTL Iraq
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Thomas1195
Banned
No, Interwar Britain IOTL was not fine at all. The Tories' inflexible conservative economic policies caused mass unemployment (always around 10%) and mass poverty during the 1920s and early-1930s, especially in the North, while Ramsay MacDonald totally failed to stand for the workers. Also, unlike in Germany, social security here never expanded after the National Insurance Act 1911 until 1945.
But it seems that WW1 did not happen yet. However, I just hope to see Liberal reforms continue if not accelerate.
Thomas1195
Banned
Including Suez? And withdrawing from Egypt would be unacceptable for everyone in Britain, especially in a no-ww1 scenario. Besides, ITTL, they certain have no problems staying there, unlike after ww2 IOTL.
kernals12
Banned
Sorry, I just read the unilateral declaration. It sounds like there's no way to invade Egypt without starting a war with England. I'm removing it.
Thomas1195
Banned
But economically, the interwar period was also a wasted opportunity for Britain. It could have performed much better with more interventionist policies, both in economic and social aspects.
Unions, which were notorious for their opposition to new technology, also gained strength due to the misery of this period. And IOTL it was unresolved until Thatcher.
kernals12
Banned
In relative terms, Britain, while falling behind in the 1920s, did very well in the 1930s. By 1937 their gdp per capita was higher than America's.
Thomas1195
Banned
The 1930s recovery was basically all about abandoning Gold, rearmament and house-building, especially the first two. There weren't significant improvements in structural factors like industrial relation, social and educational reforms, as well as industrial methods (outdated practices remained common), all of these contributed to post-war economic malaise, especially industrial relation tension which gave rise to militant unionism. National infrastructures were not also improved as fast as possible due to conservative Treasury economic policies (which began with Geddes Axe). I would choose Lloyd George's economic plan, which actually tried to tackle all the above problems, over OTL Tory "Treasury View" plan any day. I mean, several studies found that the Tories actually stood for City interests much more than industrial interests, and this eventually led to the return to prewar Gold in 1925.
Not really, while US productivity stagnated during the 1930s, other countries like France and Japan continued to close the productivity gap.
kernals12
Banned
Actually, American productivity growth was very good during that time, despite the Great Depression. And abandoning the gold standard was a big structural reform. To paraphrase William Jennings Bryan, Britain stopped crucifying mankind on a cross of gold.
Thomas1195
Banned
The average productivity growth in the US was stagnant due to the sharp drop prior to the New Deal.
Britain could have abandoned Gold or at least return to Gold at a lower rate under any government other than a Tory one, which was and is always a stooge of City of London.
But no ww1 could butterfly away the Great Depression, or at least the one that we know IOTL.
Austro-Hungarian Civil War
kernals12
Banned
June 28, 1914 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife Sophie are assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a young Serbian nationalist.
July 28, 1914 Vienna, Austria Hungary
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after breakdown of diplomatic talks despite international mediation.
August 5, 1914 Belgrade, Serbia
Austrian troops reach Belgrade. Serbia is forced to accept Austrian occupation. Thousands of former Serbian soldiers join Black Hand terrorist group which begins a guerilla warfare campaign
September 30, 1914 Vienna
Black Hand attacks take toll. Austrians start a troop surge into Serbia.
December 25, 1914 Belgrade
Black Hand launches their "Christmas Rebellion" [1]. Austrian army is besieged but ultimately puts down the offensive. But the perception of the Austro-Hungarian population turns against the war. Large antiwar movement begins
January 12, 1915 Prague
Student protestors at Charles University clash with police. 5 students are killed, 9 are injured. This is known as the Charles Massacre.
January 14, 1915 Novi Sad, Serbia
15 Hungarian soldiers mutiny and are promptly executed.
January 15, 1915 Austria-Hungary
Riots break out in Prague, Budapest, and Vienna. The many ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary feel they have no reason to support this seemingly pointless war
March 1, 1915 Budapest
Hungarian Diet declares independence, recalls all Hungarian troops from Serbia, and deposes Franz Joseph I from the throne.
March 4, 1915 Prague
Activists declare independence for Bohemia. In the next 2 weeks, the same happens in Transylvania, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzigovina, Slovakia, Carniola and the Galicas. Militias are formed to take on Austrian army which sees massive mutinies. Emperor Franz Joseph flees to Berlin. The Austrian civil war begins.
June 3, 1915 Washington DC, United States
On the floor of the House of Representatives, Congressman Fiorello Laguardia (Labor-New York), whose Lower East side district is home to large Slavic and Hungarian populations, discusses the bloodshed going on in Eastern Europe. He calls on President Roosevelt to start a peacekeeping operation. Roosevelt agrees, but only if the international community is willing to back it.
June 10, 1915 Paris, France
Theodore Roosevelt of the United States, HH Asquith of Britain, Hugo Hasse of Germany, Antonio Salandra of Italy, Rene Viviani of France, and Michael II of Russia meet to discuss the Austrian crisis. They agree on the necessity of bringing order to Eastern Europe lest revolts spread. Roosevelt argues that "A substantial portion of the world's conflict is caused by national boundaries that are drawn with no regard to the culture or desires of the people who live within them" and says that Austria Hungary should be broken up into a series of democratic, independent states reflecting the different ethnic groups, the other members agree to it. The Atlantic League (AL) is formed.
June 20, 1915
American, British, French, German, Italian, and Russian troops enter former Austria Hungary.
June 30, 1915
All of former Austria Hungary as well as Serbia is under AL control.
July 15, 1915
Working off a 1906 proposal to federalize Austria Hungary, the AL, along with Austrian revolutionary leaders, begins planning the partition.
Parts of the former A-H are to be annexed by neighboring nations
German Moravia, German Bohemia, and German Austria are to be given to Germany.
West and East Gallica are to be given to Russia
Trentino and Trieste are to be given to Italy
Transylvania and Seklerland are to be given to Romania
4 new nations are to be created
Bohemia is to become the Czech Republic
Slovakia is to become the Slovak Republic
Hungary is to become the Republic of Hungary
Carniolia is to become the Republic of Slovenia
Serbia will have her borders shifted North, gaining Vojvodina, Croatia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina (annexed in 1908, not shown on map) but Macedonia will become independent and Kosovo will be given to Albania. Serbia will be renamed as Yugoslavia.
Constitutions for the new states are drawn that affirm civil liberties, ethnic and religious tolerance, universal suffrage, and proportional representation.
October 2, 1916 Vienna, Germany
Kaiser Wilhelm II speaks before a cheering crowd of his new subjects and states his hopes that "GrossDeutschland" will go on to a prosperous future and will be a nation that brings peace, enlightenment and freedom throughout the world.
January 1, 1916
Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Slovenia gain their sovereignty.
May 5, 1917 Romania
The justice minded Transylvanians express their dissatisfaction with the undemocratic components of their government, one where the King appoints and dismisses ministers at a whim and where land owners have their votes count more.
June 5, 1917
Romanian constitution is changed to one of Ministerial responsibility before parliament and equal voting rights.
January 1, 1918
Montenegro joins Yugoslavia.
[1]This is based on the Tet Offensive as this all is an allegory to the Vietnam war.
Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife Sophie are assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a young Serbian nationalist.
July 28, 1914 Vienna, Austria Hungary
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after breakdown of diplomatic talks despite international mediation.
August 5, 1914 Belgrade, Serbia
Austrian troops reach Belgrade. Serbia is forced to accept Austrian occupation. Thousands of former Serbian soldiers join Black Hand terrorist group which begins a guerilla warfare campaign
September 30, 1914 Vienna
Black Hand attacks take toll. Austrians start a troop surge into Serbia.
December 25, 1914 Belgrade
Black Hand launches their "Christmas Rebellion" [1]. Austrian army is besieged but ultimately puts down the offensive. But the perception of the Austro-Hungarian population turns against the war. Large antiwar movement begins
January 12, 1915 Prague
Student protestors at Charles University clash with police. 5 students are killed, 9 are injured. This is known as the Charles Massacre.
January 14, 1915 Novi Sad, Serbia
15 Hungarian soldiers mutiny and are promptly executed.
January 15, 1915 Austria-Hungary
Riots break out in Prague, Budapest, and Vienna. The many ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary feel they have no reason to support this seemingly pointless war
March 1, 1915 Budapest
Hungarian Diet declares independence, recalls all Hungarian troops from Serbia, and deposes Franz Joseph I from the throne.
March 4, 1915 Prague
Activists declare independence for Bohemia. In the next 2 weeks, the same happens in Transylvania, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzigovina, Slovakia, Carniola and the Galicas. Militias are formed to take on Austrian army which sees massive mutinies. Emperor Franz Joseph flees to Berlin. The Austrian civil war begins.
June 3, 1915 Washington DC, United States
On the floor of the House of Representatives, Congressman Fiorello Laguardia (Labor-New York), whose Lower East side district is home to large Slavic and Hungarian populations, discusses the bloodshed going on in Eastern Europe. He calls on President Roosevelt to start a peacekeeping operation. Roosevelt agrees, but only if the international community is willing to back it.
June 10, 1915 Paris, France
Theodore Roosevelt of the United States, HH Asquith of Britain, Hugo Hasse of Germany, Antonio Salandra of Italy, Rene Viviani of France, and Michael II of Russia meet to discuss the Austrian crisis. They agree on the necessity of bringing order to Eastern Europe lest revolts spread. Roosevelt argues that "A substantial portion of the world's conflict is caused by national boundaries that are drawn with no regard to the culture or desires of the people who live within them" and says that Austria Hungary should be broken up into a series of democratic, independent states reflecting the different ethnic groups, the other members agree to it. The Atlantic League (AL) is formed.
June 20, 1915
American, British, French, German, Italian, and Russian troops enter former Austria Hungary.
June 30, 1915
All of former Austria Hungary as well as Serbia is under AL control.
July 15, 1915
Working off a 1906 proposal to federalize Austria Hungary, the AL, along with Austrian revolutionary leaders, begins planning the partition.
Parts of the former A-H are to be annexed by neighboring nations
German Moravia, German Bohemia, and German Austria are to be given to Germany.
West and East Gallica are to be given to Russia
Trentino and Trieste are to be given to Italy
Transylvania and Seklerland are to be given to Romania
4 new nations are to be created
Bohemia is to become the Czech Republic
Slovakia is to become the Slovak Republic
Hungary is to become the Republic of Hungary
Carniolia is to become the Republic of Slovenia
Serbia will have her borders shifted North, gaining Vojvodina, Croatia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina (annexed in 1908, not shown on map) but Macedonia will become independent and Kosovo will be given to Albania. Serbia will be renamed as Yugoslavia.
Constitutions for the new states are drawn that affirm civil liberties, ethnic and religious tolerance, universal suffrage, and proportional representation.
October 2, 1916 Vienna, Germany
Kaiser Wilhelm II speaks before a cheering crowd of his new subjects and states his hopes that "GrossDeutschland" will go on to a prosperous future and will be a nation that brings peace, enlightenment and freedom throughout the world.
January 1, 1916
Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Slovenia gain their sovereignty.
May 5, 1917 Romania
The justice minded Transylvanians express their dissatisfaction with the undemocratic components of their government, one where the King appoints and dismisses ministers at a whim and where land owners have their votes count more.
June 5, 1917
Romanian constitution is changed to one of Ministerial responsibility before parliament and equal voting rights.
January 1, 1918
Montenegro joins Yugoslavia.
[1]This is based on the Tet Offensive as this all is an allegory to the Vietnam war.
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