I have no idea if this is possible or not. @Valena @alexmilman @Rurik and others knowledgeable on Russian history.
Say that Yaropolk had converted to the Latin rite (i.e. that his conversion had been formalized). Perhaps Vladimir is unsuccessful at murdering him, and is somehow killed/imprisoned instead. Since I have a shaky knowledge of medieval history at best, I have no idea if Yaropolk was "better" ruler than Vladimir, or that he would be able to achieve a baptism of the Rus in like manner (maybe one of his successors could get it right). But could Russia (or rather, what we now know as Russia) go Catholic? And what would be the effects of it doing so?
Sviatoslav's successor, Yaropolk I (r. 972-980), seems to have had a more conciliatory attitude towards Christianity. Late medieval sources even claim that Yaropolk exchanged ambassadors with the Pope. The Chronicon of Adémar de Chabannes and the life of St. Romuald (by Pietro Damiani) actually document the mission of St. Bruno of Querfurt to the land of Rus', where he succeeded in converting to Christianity a local king (one of three brothers who ruled the land). Alexander Nazarenko suggests that Yaropolk went through some preliminary rites of baptism, but was murdered at the behest of his pagan half-brother Vladimir (whose own rights to the throne were questionable) before his conversion was formalized. Following this theory, any information on Yaropolk's baptism according to the Latin rite would be suppressed by the later Orthodox chroniclers, zealous to keep Vladimir's image of the Rus Apostle untarnished for succeeding generations
Say that Yaropolk had converted to the Latin rite (i.e. that his conversion had been formalized). Perhaps Vladimir is unsuccessful at murdering him, and is somehow killed/imprisoned instead. Since I have a shaky knowledge of medieval history at best, I have no idea if Yaropolk was "better" ruler than Vladimir, or that he would be able to achieve a baptism of the Rus in like manner (maybe one of his successors could get it right). But could Russia (or rather, what we now know as Russia) go Catholic? And what would be the effects of it doing so?