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In a scenario where Alexander never conquered the Achaemenid Empire and they survived for at least 300 more years, could this surviving Achaemenid Empire go through a Rome-like development, where the core territory falls but the wealthier, new territory becomes the center of the empire? In other words, what if Persia had its own "Byzantium", comprising roughly the same territory as the Eastern Roman Empire, but Persianized instead of Romanized?

Considering Zoroastrian influence (or non-influence) and the prevalence of Greek traders and mercenaries, what would Persia's "Byzantium" be like? Would they end up becoming Egyptian, Aramaic, or Greek, or remain Persian? If they remained Persian, would they reconquer Persia proper from the Parthians (or whoever ends up taking the area)?
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