A victory at Alesia (which he was close to winning) would probably be a masacure of Romans, with Julius and most of his officers dead.

Civilization would be more Celtic/Germanic long term, seeing as Ceasar's victory could be seen as a reverse Platea/Salamis with classical civilization spreading north in the form it did and local lenses like Druidry/Warrior culture becoming less important.
 
Caesar roman army would get massacred, and Roman conquest of Gaul would be delayed several years (decades if Gaul lucky). In end, other glory-seeking Roman general, perhaps even Pompey or Crassus, would march again to Gaul, eventually someone would succeed. For all weakness in Roman government, Gaul at that time divided into numerous tribes, many which allied to Romans. Vercingetorix is war leader of allied tribes, when he victorious, opposition would soon arise, and Gaul would break-up again.
 
Crassus had been dead for a year or so.

Pompey might actually go for it, depending on what his relationship with Caesar is at the moment.

Pompey would lose if he went for the whole thing. He was more deliberate than Caesar, and less likely to pull off the same level of success. Gaulish tactics would be better so there would be no repeat of Ceasar's early successes against charging hordes (I'm simplifying a bit).

He could get back some Eagles, punish certain foes, but I don't think conquer Gaul. I think any future Roman conquest would be more like Spain; slow and deliberate and taking decades. Gauls knew better than to fight Romans straight up.

And with Pompey looking at retirement, and younger men jockeying for power, Rome could have decades more of civil war. The Senate would likely also make it harder for any Governor to pull a Ceasar and use his position to gain great wealthy through conquest.

So Gaul might or might not eventually be conquered. My money is on Rome squabbling into a weaker position.
 
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Caesar roman army would get massacred, and Roman conquest of Gaul would be delayed several years (decades if Gaul lucky). In end, other glory-seeking Roman general, perhaps even Pompey or Crassus, would march again to Gaul, eventually someone would succeed. For all weakness in Roman government, Gaul at that time divided into numerous tribes, many which allied to Romans. Vercingetorix is war leader of allied tribes, when he victorious, opposition would soon arise, and Gaul would break-up again.
I would add that in the event of a strong gallic victory, there'd be many standards taken. Gaul would then be a target for any glory seeking Roman general looking to make a name for himself
 
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