WI: US President's death results in special election

What if, in the event of a President's death in the first half of their term, the Vice-President does not serve out the entire remainder of the four-year term but instead only serves until a special election is called to coincide with what would've been the midterm election?

Let's say this is adopted after William Henry Harrison died one month after taking office, once President Tyler was expelled from the Whigs. The new rules state that there will be a new presidential election in November 1842, for which the president will be elected to a four-year term lasting 1843-1847. (So, in other words, the presidential 4-year cycle is now offset by two years.)

Who might the candidates be in an 1842 presidential election, from the Whigs and the Democrats? What might this mean for the annexation of Texas in 1844, and westward expansion afterwards?
 
I'd have to say Clay would be the Whig nominee and the Democratic nominee depends on if Texas annexation is brought up. If it's not, it will be Van Buren, if it is, then who knows. Tyler will probably run as an independent, since did somewhat IOTL, but he realized he didn't have the support after honeymooning with his new wife during the 1844 campaign season and withdrew. The moving of the election forward means that Tyler will probably stay in the race ITTL.

IOTL Tyler was convinced by Daniel Webster to focus on negotiating agreed-upon boundaries between the US & Britain (in Maine and from Lake Superior to the Pacific) and then turn his attention to Texas. Since the Weber-Ashburton Treaty was signed in August of 1842, it would likely mean that Tyler wouldn't have time to shift gears suddenly and campaign on the annexation of Texas.
 
What if, in the event of a President's death in the first half of their term, the Vice-President does not serve out the entire remainder of the four-year term but instead only serves until a special election is called to coincide with what would've been the midterm election?

The Presidential Succession Act of 1792 provided that if both the President and Vice President left office, a new President would be elected in the following November.

Let's say this is adopted after William Henry Harrison died one month after taking office, once President Tyler was expelled from the Whigs.

How would it be adopted? Tyler would veto it.

The new rules state that there will be a new presidential election in November 1842, for which the president will be elected to a four-year term lasting 1843-1847. (So, in other words, the presidential 4-year cycle is now offset by two years.)

Who might the candidates be in an 1842 presidential election, from the Whigs and the Democrats? What might this mean for the annexation of Texas in 1844, and westward expansion afterwards?

Clay for the Whigs; Van Buren for the Democrats. Clay would block annexation till the end of his term. Van Buren would waffle, and then go ahead with it. I'm not sure who would be elected.
 
Would it be Van Buren, though, so soon after losing in 1840? The Whigs would have a fairly easy campaign, amounting to "Remember last time?"

How would it be adopted? Tyler would veto it.
Veto override. Getting rid of Tyler would have bipartisan support.

(Or, alternatively, have it written into the Constitution from the start.)
 
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